See also the International Committee of the Red Crosscommentary on Third 1949 Geneva Convention, Article III, Section "A. Cases of armed conflict" for the ICRC's reading of the definition and a listing of proposed alternative wording
jstor.org
Fearon, James D.; Laitin, David D. (2003). „Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War”. The American Political Science Review. 97 (1): 75—90. JSTOR3118222.