Higham, T.; Douka, K.; Wood, R.; Ramsey, C.B.; Brock, F.; Basell, L.; Camps, M.; Arrizabalaga, A.; Baena, J.; C. Barroso-Ruíz; C. Bergman; C. Boitard; P. Boscato; M. Caparrós; N.J. Conard; C. Draily; A. Froment; B. Galván; P. Gambassini; A. Garcia-Moreno; S. Grimaldi; P. Haesaerts; B. Holt; M.-J. Iriarte-Chiapusso; A. Jelinek; J.F. Jordá Pardo; J.-M. Maíllo-Fernández; A. Marom; J. Maroto; M. Menéndez; L. Metz; E. Morin; A. Moroni; F. Negrino; E. Panagopoulou; M. Peresani; S. Pirson; M. de la Rasilla; J. Riel-Salvatore; A. Ronchitelli; D. Santamaria; P. Semal; L. Slimak; J. Soler; N. Soler; A. Villaluenga; R. Pinhasi; R. Jacobi (2014). „The timing and spatiotemporal patterning of Neanderthal disappearance”. Nature. 512 (7514): 306—09. Bibcode:2014Natur.512..306H. PMID25143113. doi:10.1038/nature13621. „We show that the Mousterian [the Neanderthal tool-making tradition] ended by 41,030–39,260 calibrated years BP (at 95.4% probability) across Europe. We also demonstrate that succeeding 'transitional' archaeological industries, one of which has been linked with Neanderthals (Châtelperronian), end at a similar time.”
Higham, T. (2011). „European Middle and Upper Palaeolithic radiocarbon dates are often older than they look: problems with previous dates and some remedies”(PDF). Antiquity. 85 (327): 235—49. doi:10.1017/s0003598x00067570.
Pinhasi, R.; T.F.G. Higham; L.V. Golovanova; V.B. Doronichev (2011). „Revised age of late Neanderthal occupation and the end of the Middle Paleolithic in the northern Caucasus”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 108 (21): 8611—16. Bibcode:2011PNAS..108.8611P. PMC3102382. PMID21555570. doi:10.1073/pnas.1018938108. „The direct date of the fossil (39,700 ± 1,100 14C BP) is in good agreement with the probability distribution function, indicating at a high level of probability that Neanderthals did not survive at Mezmaiskaya Cave after 39 ka cal BP. [...] This challenges previous claims for late Neanderthal survival in the northern Caucasus. [...] Our results confirm the lack of reliably dated Neanderthal fossils younger than ≈40 ka cal BP in any other region of Western Eurasia, including the Caucasus.”
Higham, T.; Douka, K.; Wood, R.; Ramsey, C.B.; Brock, F.; Basell, L.; Camps, M.; Arrizabalaga, A.; Baena, J.; C. Barroso-Ruíz; C. Bergman; C. Boitard; P. Boscato; M. Caparrós; N.J. Conard; C. Draily; A. Froment; B. Galván; P. Gambassini; A. Garcia-Moreno; S. Grimaldi; P. Haesaerts; B. Holt; M.-J. Iriarte-Chiapusso; A. Jelinek; J.F. Jordá Pardo; J.-M. Maíllo-Fernández; A. Marom; J. Maroto; M. Menéndez; L. Metz; E. Morin; A. Moroni; F. Negrino; E. Panagopoulou; M. Peresani; S. Pirson; M. de la Rasilla; J. Riel-Salvatore; A. Ronchitelli; D. Santamaria; P. Semal; L. Slimak; J. Soler; N. Soler; A. Villaluenga; R. Pinhasi; R. Jacobi (2014). „The timing and spatiotemporal patterning of Neanderthal disappearance”. Nature. 512 (7514): 306—09. Bibcode:2014Natur.512..306H. PMID25143113. doi:10.1038/nature13621. „We show that the Mousterian [the Neanderthal tool-making tradition] ended by 41,030–39,260 calibrated years BP (at 95.4% probability) across Europe. We also demonstrate that succeeding 'transitional' archaeological industries, one of which has been linked with Neanderthals (Châtelperronian), end at a similar time.”
Higham, T. (2011). „European Middle and Upper Palaeolithic radiocarbon dates are often older than they look: problems with previous dates and some remedies”(PDF). Antiquity. 85 (327): 235—49. doi:10.1017/s0003598x00067570.
Pinhasi, R.; T.F.G. Higham; L.V. Golovanova; V.B. Doronichev (2011). „Revised age of late Neanderthal occupation and the end of the Middle Paleolithic in the northern Caucasus”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 108 (21): 8611—16. Bibcode:2011PNAS..108.8611P. PMC3102382. PMID21555570. doi:10.1073/pnas.1018938108. „The direct date of the fossil (39,700 ± 1,100 14C BP) is in good agreement with the probability distribution function, indicating at a high level of probability that Neanderthals did not survive at Mezmaiskaya Cave after 39 ka cal BP. [...] This challenges previous claims for late Neanderthal survival in the northern Caucasus. [...] Our results confirm the lack of reliably dated Neanderthal fossils younger than ≈40 ka cal BP in any other region of Western Eurasia, including the Caucasus.”
Higham, T.; Douka, K.; Wood, R.; Ramsey, C.B.; Brock, F.; Basell, L.; Camps, M.; Arrizabalaga, A.; Baena, J.; C. Barroso-Ruíz; C. Bergman; C. Boitard; P. Boscato; M. Caparrós; N.J. Conard; C. Draily; A. Froment; B. Galván; P. Gambassini; A. Garcia-Moreno; S. Grimaldi; P. Haesaerts; B. Holt; M.-J. Iriarte-Chiapusso; A. Jelinek; J.F. Jordá Pardo; J.-M. Maíllo-Fernández; A. Marom; J. Maroto; M. Menéndez; L. Metz; E. Morin; A. Moroni; F. Negrino; E. Panagopoulou; M. Peresani; S. Pirson; M. de la Rasilla; J. Riel-Salvatore; A. Ronchitelli; D. Santamaria; P. Semal; L. Slimak; J. Soler; N. Soler; A. Villaluenga; R. Pinhasi; R. Jacobi (2014). „The timing and spatiotemporal patterning of Neanderthal disappearance”. Nature. 512 (7514): 306—09. Bibcode:2014Natur.512..306H. PMID25143113. doi:10.1038/nature13621. „We show that the Mousterian [the Neanderthal tool-making tradition] ended by 41,030–39,260 calibrated years BP (at 95.4% probability) across Europe. We also demonstrate that succeeding 'transitional' archaeological industries, one of which has been linked with Neanderthals (Châtelperronian), end at a similar time.”
Higham, T. (2011). „European Middle and Upper Palaeolithic radiocarbon dates are often older than they look: problems with previous dates and some remedies”(PDF). Antiquity. 85 (327): 235—49. doi:10.1017/s0003598x00067570.
Pinhasi, R.; T.F.G. Higham; L.V. Golovanova; V.B. Doronichev (2011). „Revised age of late Neanderthal occupation and the end of the Middle Paleolithic in the northern Caucasus”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 108 (21): 8611—16. Bibcode:2011PNAS..108.8611P. PMC3102382. PMID21555570. doi:10.1073/pnas.1018938108. „The direct date of the fossil (39,700 ± 1,100 14C BP) is in good agreement with the probability distribution function, indicating at a high level of probability that Neanderthals did not survive at Mezmaiskaya Cave after 39 ka cal BP. [...] This challenges previous claims for late Neanderthal survival in the northern Caucasus. [...] Our results confirm the lack of reliably dated Neanderthal fossils younger than ≈40 ka cal BP in any other region of Western Eurasia, including the Caucasus.”
Higham, T.; Douka, K.; Wood, R.; Ramsey, C.B.; Brock, F.; Basell, L.; Camps, M.; Arrizabalaga, A.; Baena, J.; C. Barroso-Ruíz; C. Bergman; C. Boitard; P. Boscato; M. Caparrós; N.J. Conard; C. Draily; A. Froment; B. Galván; P. Gambassini; A. Garcia-Moreno; S. Grimaldi; P. Haesaerts; B. Holt; M.-J. Iriarte-Chiapusso; A. Jelinek; J.F. Jordá Pardo; J.-M. Maíllo-Fernández; A. Marom; J. Maroto; M. Menéndez; L. Metz; E. Morin; A. Moroni; F. Negrino; E. Panagopoulou; M. Peresani; S. Pirson; M. de la Rasilla; J. Riel-Salvatore; A. Ronchitelli; D. Santamaria; P. Semal; L. Slimak; J. Soler; N. Soler; A. Villaluenga; R. Pinhasi; R. Jacobi (2014). „The timing and spatiotemporal patterning of Neanderthal disappearance”. Nature. 512 (7514): 306—09. Bibcode:2014Natur.512..306H. PMID25143113. doi:10.1038/nature13621. „We show that the Mousterian [the Neanderthal tool-making tradition] ended by 41,030–39,260 calibrated years BP (at 95.4% probability) across Europe. We also demonstrate that succeeding 'transitional' archaeological industries, one of which has been linked with Neanderthals (Châtelperronian), end at a similar time.”
Higham, T. (2011). „European Middle and Upper Palaeolithic radiocarbon dates are often older than they look: problems with previous dates and some remedies”(PDF). Antiquity. 85 (327): 235—49. doi:10.1017/s0003598x00067570.
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Higham, T.; Douka, K.; Wood, R.; Ramsey, C.B.; Brock, F.; Basell, L.; Camps, M.; Arrizabalaga, A.; Baena, J.; C. Barroso-Ruíz; C. Bergman; C. Boitard; P. Boscato; M. Caparrós; N.J. Conard; C. Draily; A. Froment; B. Galván; P. Gambassini; A. Garcia-Moreno; S. Grimaldi; P. Haesaerts; B. Holt; M.-J. Iriarte-Chiapusso; A. Jelinek; J.F. Jordá Pardo; J.-M. Maíllo-Fernández; A. Marom; J. Maroto; M. Menéndez; L. Metz; E. Morin; A. Moroni; F. Negrino; E. Panagopoulou; M. Peresani; S. Pirson; M. de la Rasilla; J. Riel-Salvatore; A. Ronchitelli; D. Santamaria; P. Semal; L. Slimak; J. Soler; N. Soler; A. Villaluenga; R. Pinhasi; R. Jacobi (2014). „The timing and spatiotemporal patterning of Neanderthal disappearance”. Nature. 512 (7514): 306—09. Bibcode:2014Natur.512..306H. PMID25143113. doi:10.1038/nature13621. „We show that the Mousterian [the Neanderthal tool-making tradition] ended by 41,030–39,260 calibrated years BP (at 95.4% probability) across Europe. We also demonstrate that succeeding 'transitional' archaeological industries, one of which has been linked with Neanderthals (Châtelperronian), end at a similar time.”
Higham, T. (2011). „European Middle and Upper Palaeolithic radiocarbon dates are often older than they look: problems with previous dates and some remedies”(PDF). Antiquity. 85 (327): 235—49. doi:10.1017/s0003598x00067570.