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Gardner, A.; Grafen, A. (2009). „Capturing the superorganism: A formal theory of group adaptation”. Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 22 (4): 659—671. PMID19210588. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01681.x.
Bateson, P. (2005). „The return of the whole organism”. Journal of biosciences. 30 (1): 31—39. PMID15824439. doi:10.1007/BF02705148.
Moreira, D.; López-García, P. N. (2009). „Ten reasons to exclude viruses from the tree of life”. Nature Reviews Microbiology. 7 (4): 306—11. PMID19270719. doi:10.1038/nrmicro2108.