Претколумбовска ера (Serbian Wikipedia)
Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Претколумбовска ера" in Serbian language version.
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- „Summary of knowledge on the subclades of Haplogroup Q”. Genebase Systems. 2009. Архивирано из оригинала 10. 5. 2011. г. Приступљено 2009-11-22.
archive.org
- Bernal, Ignition (1980). A History of Mexican Archaeology: The Vanished Civilizations of Middle America
. Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-5007-8008-4. - Bortolini, Maria-Catira; Salzano, Francisco M.; Thomas, Mark G.; et al. (септембар 2003). „Y-Chromosome Evidence for Differing Ancient Demographic Histories in the Americas”. American Journal of Human Genetics. 73 (3): 524—539. PMC 1180678
. PMID 12900798. doi:10.1086/377588. - Zegura, Stephen L.; Karafet, Tatiana M.; Zhivotovsky, Lev A.; Hammer, Michael F. (јануар 2004). „High-resolution SNPs and microsatellite haplotypes point to a single, recent entry of Native American Y chromosomes into the Americas”. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 21 (1): 164—175. PMID 14595095. doi:10.1093/molbev/msh009 .
- Torroni, Antonio; Schurr, Theodore G.; Yang, Chi-Chuan; et al. (јануар 1992). „Native American Mitochondrial DNA Analysis Indicates That the Amerind and the Nadene Populations Were Founded by Two Independent Migrations”. Genetics. 130 (1): 153—162. PMC 1204788 . PMID 1346260. doi:10.1093/genetics/130.1.153. „The divergence time for the Nadene portion of the HaeIII np 663 lineage was about 6,000–10,000 years. Hence, the ancestral Nadene migrated from Asia independently and considerably more recently than the progenitors of the Amerinds.”
- Fagundes, Nelson J.R.; Kanitz, Ricardo; Eckert, Roberta; et al. (2008). „Mitochondrial Population Genomics Supports a Single Pre-Clovis Origin with a Coastal Route for the Peopling of the Americas”. American Journal of Human Genetics. 82 (3): 583—592. PMC 2427228 . PMID 18313026. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.11.013.
books.google.com
- Wells, Spencer (2002). The Journey of Man: A Genetic Odyssey. Random House. ISBN 978-0-8129-7146-0.
- Wells, Spencer; Read, Mark (2002). The Journey of Man - A Genetic Odyssey. Random House. стр. 138—140. ISBN 0-8129-7146-9.
- Marder, William (2005). Indians in the Americas: The Untold Story. Book Tree. стр. 11. ISBN 978-1-58509-104-1.
- Bryant, Vaughn M., Jr. (1998). „Pre-Clovis”. Ур.: Gibbon, Guy E. Archaeology of Prehistoric Native America: An Encyclopedia. Taylor & Francis. стр. 682—683. ISBN 978-0-8153-0725-9.
bradshawfoundation.com
- „Journey of mankind”. BradShaw Foundation.
cambridge.org
- Fladmark, K. R. (јануар 1979). „Routes: Alternate Migration Corridors for Early Man in North America”. American Antiquity (на језику: енглески). 44 (1): 55—69. ISSN 0002-7316. JSTOR 279189. S2CID 162243347. doi:10.2307/279189.
cyberwest.com
- „Study confirms Bering land bridge flooded later than previously believed”. Cyberwest. 31. 7. 1996.
discovery.com
dsc.discovery.com
- Viegas, Jennifer. „First Americans Endured 20,000-Year Layover”. Discovery News. Архивирано из оригинала 13. 3. 2012. г. „Archaeological evidence, in fact, recognizes that people started to leave Beringia for the New World around 40,000 years ago, but rapid expansion into North America didn't occur until about 15,000 years ago, when the ice had literally broken”
doi.org
- Bortolini, Maria-Catira; Salzano, Francisco M.; Thomas, Mark G.; et al. (септембар 2003). „Y-Chromosome Evidence for Differing Ancient Demographic Histories in the Americas”. American Journal of Human Genetics. 73 (3): 524—539. PMC 1180678 . PMID 12900798. doi:10.1086/377588.
- Orgel, Leslie E. (2004). „Prebiotic chemistry and the origin of the RNA world” (PDF). Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 39 (2): 99—123. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.537.7679 . PMID 15217990. doi:10.1080/10409230490460765.
- Ruhlen, M. (новембар 1998). „The origin of the Na-Dene”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 95 (23): 13994—13996. Bibcode:1998PNAS...9513994R. PMC 25007 . PMID 9811914. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.23.13994 .
- Zegura, Stephen L.; Karafet, Tatiana M.; Zhivotovsky, Lev A.; Hammer, Michael F. (јануар 2004). „High-resolution SNPs and microsatellite haplotypes point to a single, recent entry of Native American Y chromosomes into the Americas”. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 21 (1): 164—175. PMID 14595095. doi:10.1093/molbev/msh009 .
- Saillard, Juliette; Forster, Peter; Lynnerup, Niels; Bandelt, Hans-Jürgen; Nørby, Søren (септембар 2000). „mtDNA Variation among Greenland Eskimos: The Edge of the Beringian Expansion”. American Journal of Human Genetics. 67 (3): 718—726. PMC 1287530 . PMID 10924403. doi:10.1086/303038. „The relatively lower coalescence time of the entire haplogroup A2 including the shared sub-arctic branches A2b (Siberians and Inuit) and A2a (Eskimos and Na-Dené) is probably due to secondary expansions of haplogroup A2 from the Beringia area, which would have averaged the overall internal variation of haplogroup A2 in North America.”
- Torroni, Antonio; Schurr, Theodore G.; Yang, Chi-Chuan; et al. (јануар 1992). „Native American Mitochondrial DNA Analysis Indicates That the Amerind and the Nadene Populations Were Founded by Two Independent Migrations”. Genetics. 130 (1): 153—162. PMC 1204788 . PMID 1346260. doi:10.1093/genetics/130.1.153. „The divergence time for the Nadene portion of the HaeIII np 663 lineage was about 6,000–10,000 years. Hence, the ancestral Nadene migrated from Asia independently and considerably more recently than the progenitors of the Amerinds.”
- Fladmark, K. R. (јануар 1979). „Routes: Alternate Migration Corridors for Early Man in North America”. American Antiquity (на језику: енглески). 44 (1): 55—69. ISSN 0002-7316. JSTOR 279189. S2CID 162243347. doi:10.2307/279189.
- Fagundes, Nelson J.R.; Kanitz, Ricardo; Eckert, Roberta; et al. (2008). „Mitochondrial Population Genomics Supports a Single Pre-Clovis Origin with a Coastal Route for the Peopling of the Americas”. American Journal of Human Genetics. 82 (3): 583—592. PMC 2427228 . PMID 18313026. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.11.013.
genebase.com
- Tymchuk, Wendy (2008). „Learn about Y-DNA Haplogroup Q-M242”. Genebase Systems. Архивирано из оригинала 22. 6. 2010. г. „Haplogroups are defined by unique mutation events such as single nucleotide polymorphisms, or SNPs. These SNPs mark the branch of a haplogroup, and indicate that all descendants of that haplogroup at one time shared a common ancestor. The Y-DNA SNP mutations were passed from father to son over thousands of years. Over time, additional SNPs occur within a haplogroup, leading to new lineages. These new lineages are considered subclades of the haplogroup. Each time a new mutation occurs, there is a new branch in the haplogroup, and therefore a new subclade. Haplogroup Q, possibly the youngest of the 20 Y-chromosome haplogroups, originated with the SNP mutation M242 in a man from Haplogroup P that likely lived in Siberia approximately 15,000 to 20,000 years before present”
harvard.edu
adsabs.harvard.edu
- Ruhlen, M. (новембар 1998). „The origin of the Na-Dene”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 95 (23): 13994—13996. Bibcode:1998PNAS...9513994R. PMC 25007 . PMID 9811914. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.23.13994 .
jstor.org
- Fladmark, K. R. (јануар 1979). „Routes: Alternate Migration Corridors for Early Man in North America”. American Antiquity (на језику: енглески). 44 (1): 55—69. ISSN 0002-7316. JSTOR 279189. S2CID 162243347. doi:10.2307/279189.
msn.com
encarta.msn.com
- Meltzer, David J. „First Americans”. Encarta Online Encyclopedia. Microsoft. Архивирано из оригинала 2009-10-21. г.
multiculturalcanada.ca
- Magocsi, Paul Robert, ур. (1999). „Beginnings to 1500 C.E.”. Encyclopedia of Canada's Peoples. Multicultural History Society of Ontario. ISBN 978-0-8020-2938-6. Архивирано из оригинала 2010-12-06. г.
nationalgeographic.com
news.nationalgeographic.com
- Than, Ker (2008). „New World Settlers Took 20,000-Year Pit Stop”. National Geographic Society. „Over time descendants developed a unique culture—one that was different from the original migrants' way of life in Asia but which contained seeds of the new cultures that would eventually appear throughout the Americas”
- Lovgren, Stefan (13. 3. 2008). „Americas Settled 15,000 Years Ago, Study Says”. National Geographic News.
genographic.nationalgeographic.com
- „Atlas of the Human Journey”. National Geographic. Архивирано из оригинала 2011-05-01. г.
nih.gov
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Bortolini, Maria-Catira; Salzano, Francisco M.; Thomas, Mark G.; et al. (септембар 2003). „Y-Chromosome Evidence for Differing Ancient Demographic Histories in the Americas”. American Journal of Human Genetics. 73 (3): 524—539. PMC 1180678 . PMID 12900798. doi:10.1086/377588.
- Orgel, Leslie E. (2004). „Prebiotic chemistry and the origin of the RNA world” (PDF). Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 39 (2): 99—123. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.537.7679 . PMID 15217990. doi:10.1080/10409230490460765.
- Ruhlen, M. (новембар 1998). „The origin of the Na-Dene”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 95 (23): 13994—13996. Bibcode:1998PNAS...9513994R. PMC 25007 . PMID 9811914. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.23.13994 .
- Zegura, Stephen L.; Karafet, Tatiana M.; Zhivotovsky, Lev A.; Hammer, Michael F. (јануар 2004). „High-resolution SNPs and microsatellite haplotypes point to a single, recent entry of Native American Y chromosomes into the Americas”. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 21 (1): 164—175. PMID 14595095. doi:10.1093/molbev/msh009 .
- Saillard, Juliette; Forster, Peter; Lynnerup, Niels; Bandelt, Hans-Jürgen; Nørby, Søren (септембар 2000). „mtDNA Variation among Greenland Eskimos: The Edge of the Beringian Expansion”. American Journal of Human Genetics. 67 (3): 718—726. PMC 1287530 . PMID 10924403. doi:10.1086/303038. „The relatively lower coalescence time of the entire haplogroup A2 including the shared sub-arctic branches A2b (Siberians and Inuit) and A2a (Eskimos and Na-Dené) is probably due to secondary expansions of haplogroup A2 from the Beringia area, which would have averaged the overall internal variation of haplogroup A2 in North America.”
- Torroni, Antonio; Schurr, Theodore G.; Yang, Chi-Chuan; et al. (јануар 1992). „Native American Mitochondrial DNA Analysis Indicates That the Amerind and the Nadene Populations Were Founded by Two Independent Migrations”. Genetics. 130 (1): 153—162. PMC 1204788 . PMID 1346260. doi:10.1093/genetics/130.1.153. „The divergence time for the Nadene portion of the HaeIII np 663 lineage was about 6,000–10,000 years. Hence, the ancestral Nadene migrated from Asia independently and considerably more recently than the progenitors of the Amerinds.”
- Fagundes, Nelson J.R.; Kanitz, Ricardo; Eckert, Roberta; et al. (2008). „Mitochondrial Population Genomics Supports a Single Pre-Clovis Origin with a Coastal Route for the Peopling of the Americas”. American Journal of Human Genetics. 82 (3): 583—592. PMC 2427228 . PMID 18313026. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.11.013.
nps.gov
- „Bering Land Bridge National Preserve”. National Park System.
nytimes.com
- Wilford, John Noble (4. 4. 2008). „Evidence Supports Earlier Date for People in North America”. The New York Times.
psu.edu
citeseerx.ist.psu.edu
- Orgel, Leslie E. (2004). „Prebiotic chemistry and the origin of the RNA world” (PDF). Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 39 (2): 99—123. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.537.7679 . PMID 15217990. doi:10.1080/10409230490460765.
semanticscholar.org
api.semanticscholar.org
- Fladmark, K. R. (јануар 1979). „Routes: Alternate Migration Corridors for Early Man in North America”. American Antiquity (на језику: енглески). 44 (1): 55—69. ISSN 0002-7316. JSTOR 279189. S2CID 162243347. doi:10.2307/279189.
tripline.net
- „Early European Settlements in North America”. Tripline. Приступљено 2017-05-06.
umn.edu
d.umn.edu
- Orgel, Leslie E. (2004). „Prebiotic chemistry and the origin of the RNA world” (PDF). Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 39 (2): 99—123. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.537.7679 . PMID 15217990. doi:10.1080/10409230490460765.
web.archive.org
- Tymchuk, Wendy (2008). „Learn about Y-DNA Haplogroup Q-M242”. Genebase Systems. Архивирано из оригинала 22. 6. 2010. г. „Haplogroups are defined by unique mutation events such as single nucleotide polymorphisms, or SNPs. These SNPs mark the branch of a haplogroup, and indicate that all descendants of that haplogroup at one time shared a common ancestor. The Y-DNA SNP mutations were passed from father to son over thousands of years. Over time, additional SNPs occur within a haplogroup, leading to new lineages. These new lineages are considered subclades of the haplogroup. Each time a new mutation occurs, there is a new branch in the haplogroup, and therefore a new subclade. Haplogroup Q, possibly the youngest of the 20 Y-chromosome haplogroups, originated with the SNP mutation M242 in a man from Haplogroup P that likely lived in Siberia approximately 15,000 to 20,000 years before present”
- Viegas, Jennifer. „First Americans Endured 20,000-Year Layover”. Discovery News. Архивирано из оригинала 13. 3. 2012. г. „Archaeological evidence, in fact, recognizes that people started to leave Beringia for the New World around 40,000 years ago, but rapid expansion into North America didn't occur until about 15,000 years ago, when the ice had literally broken”
- „Summary of knowledge on the subclades of Haplogroup Q”. Genebase Systems. 2009. Архивирано из оригинала 10. 5. 2011. г. Приступљено 2009-11-22.
- Meltzer, David J. „First Americans”. Encarta Online Encyclopedia. Microsoft. Архивирано из оригинала 2009-10-21. г.
- Magocsi, Paul Robert, ур. (1999). „Beginnings to 1500 C.E.”. Encyclopedia of Canada's Peoples. Multicultural History Society of Ontario. ISBN 978-0-8020-2938-6. Архивирано из оригинала 2010-12-06. г.
- „Atlas of the Human Journey”. National Geographic. Архивирано из оригинала 2011-05-01. г.
wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org
- Orgel, Leslie E. (2004). „Prebiotic chemistry and the origin of the RNA world” (PDF). Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 39 (2): 99—123. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.537.7679 . PMID 15217990. doi:10.1080/10409230490460765.
worldcat.org
- Fladmark, K. R. (јануар 1979). „Routes: Alternate Migration Corridors for Early Man in North America”. American Antiquity (на језику: енглески). 44 (1): 55—69. ISSN 0002-7316. JSTOR 279189. S2CID 162243347. doi:10.2307/279189.
- Meltzer, David J. (2009). First peoples in a new world : colonizing ice age America. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-94315-5. OCLC 609850106.