Arnold, Scott: The Philosophy and Economics of Market Socialism: A Critical Study. (1994). The Philosophy and Economics of Market Socialism: A Critical Study. Oxford University Press. стр. 7–8. ISBN978-0-19-508827-4.. »This term is harder to define, since socialists disagree among themselves about what socialism ‘really is.’ It would seem that everyone (socialists and nonsocialists alike) could at least agree that it is not a system in which there is widespread private ownership of the means of production…To be a socialist is not just to believe in certain ends, goals, values, or ideals. It also requires a belief in a certain institutional means to achieve those ends; whatever that may mean in positive terms, it certainly presupposes, at a minimum, the belief that these ends and values cannot be achieved in an economic system in which there is widespread private ownership of the means of production…Those who favor socialism generally speak of social ownership, social control, or socialization of the means of production as the distinctive positive feature of a socialist economic system.«
von Mises, Ludwig (1981) [1951]. „Christianity and Socialism”. Socialism. New Heaven: Yale University Press.
Steele, David (1992). From Marx to Mises. Post-Capitalist Society and the Challenge of Economic Calculation. Open Court Publishing Company. стр. 44–45. ISBN978-0-87548-449-5.. By 1888, the term 'socialism' was in general use among Marxists, who had dropped 'communism', now considered an old fashioned term meaning the same as 'socialism'. [...] At the turn of the century, Marxists called themselves socialists. [...] The definition of socialism and communism as successive stages was introduced into Marxist theory by Lenin in 1917 [...], the new distinction was helpful to Lenin in defending his party against the traditional Marxist criticism that Russia was too backward for a socialist revolution.
Calaprice, Alice; Lipscombe, Trevor (2005). Albert Einstein: A Biography. Greenwood. ISBN9780313330803.. He committed himself to the democratic-socialist goals that became popular among intellectuals in Europe at the time.
