Swaab, Dick F.; Bao, Ai-Min; Lucassen, Paul J. (May 2005). ”The stress system in the human brain in depression and neurodegeneration”. Ageing Research Reviews 4 (2): sid. 141–194. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2005.03.003. ISSN1568-1637. PMID 15996533. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15996533. ”Abstract: Furthermore, a close interaction between the HPA-axis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG)-axis exists. Organizing effects during fetal life as well as activating effects of sex hormones on the HPA-axis have been reported. Such mechanisms may be a basis for the higher prevalence of mood disorders in women as compared to men. In addition, the stress system is affected by changing levels of sex hormones, as found, e.g., in the premenstrual period, ante- and postpartum, during the transition phase to the menopause and during the use of oral contraceptives. In depressed women, plasma levels of estrogen are usually lower and plasma levels of androgens are increased, while testosterone levels are decreased in depressed men.”.
Cifuentes, Manuel Sembajwe, Grace Tak, SangWoo Gore, Rebecca Kriebel, David Punnett, Laura (2008). ”The association of major depressive episodes with income inequality and the human development index”. Social Science & Medicine 67: sid. 529-539. doi:4.
Swaab, Dick F.; Bao, Ai-Min; Lucassen, Paul J. (May 2005). ”The stress system in the human brain in depression and neurodegeneration”. Ageing Research Reviews 4 (2): sid. 141–194. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2005.03.003. ISSN1568-1637. PMID 15996533. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15996533. ”Abstract: Furthermore, a close interaction between the HPA-axis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG)-axis exists. Organizing effects during fetal life as well as activating effects of sex hormones on the HPA-axis have been reported. Such mechanisms may be a basis for the higher prevalence of mood disorders in women as compared to men. In addition, the stress system is affected by changing levels of sex hormones, as found, e.g., in the premenstrual period, ante- and postpartum, during the transition phase to the menopause and during the use of oral contraceptives. In depressed women, plasma levels of estrogen are usually lower and plasma levels of androgens are increased, while testosterone levels are decreased in depressed men.”.
Psychiatric disorders among Egyptian pesticide applicators and formulators.By Amr MM, Halim ZS, Moussa SS. In Environ Res. 1997;73(1-2):193-9.PMID9311547
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Swaab, Dick F.; Bao, Ai-Min; Lucassen, Paul J. (May 2005). ”The stress system in the human brain in depression and neurodegeneration”. Ageing Research Reviews 4 (2): sid. 141–194. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2005.03.003. ISSN1568-1637. PMID 15996533. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15996533. ”Abstract: Furthermore, a close interaction between the HPA-axis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG)-axis exists. Organizing effects during fetal life as well as activating effects of sex hormones on the HPA-axis have been reported. Such mechanisms may be a basis for the higher prevalence of mood disorders in women as compared to men. In addition, the stress system is affected by changing levels of sex hormones, as found, e.g., in the premenstrual period, ante- and postpartum, during the transition phase to the menopause and during the use of oral contraceptives. In depressed women, plasma levels of estrogen are usually lower and plasma levels of androgens are increased, while testosterone levels are decreased in depressed men.”.
