Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF Catalogue général : öppen dataplattform, id-nummer i Frankrikes nationalbiblioteks katalog: 11920651t, läst: 10 oktober 2015.[källa från Wikidata]
Gregg Jaeger: Quantum Information: An Overview, Springer, 2007, ISBN 978-0-387-35725-6, Chapter B.3 "Liouville space and open quantum systems", p. 248
T. Sida, K. Saitô, Si Si (eds.): Quantum Information and Complexity: Proceedings of the Meijo Winter School, 6–10 January 2003, World Scientific Publishing, 2004, ISBN 978-981-256-047-6, p. 62
T. Petrosky, I. Prigogine (1997). ”The Liouville Space Extension of Quantum Mechanics”. Adv. Chem. Phys. 99: sid. 1–120. doi:10.1002/9780470141588.ch1.