Brennan, GP et al (2006). ”Identifying subgroups of patients with acute/subacute "nonspecific" low back pain: results of a randomized clinical trial.”. Spine 31 (6): sid. 623-31. PMID 16540864. https://www.medicaljournals.se/jrm/content_files/download.php?doi=10.2340/16501977-1100. Läst 4 maj 2012.. Citat: "Patients with low back pain of less than 90 days' duration referred to physical therapy were examined before treatment and classified into one of three subgroups based on the type of treatment believed most likely to benefit the patient (manipulation, stabilization exercise, or specific exercise) [....] Conclusions. Nonspecific low back pain should not be viewed as a homogenous condition. Outcomes can be improved when subgrouping is used to guide treatment decision-making [....] Methods. Before randomization, patients completed a set of questionnaires and underwent a standardized examination. Baseline and follow-up examinations were conducted by a physical therapist who remained blind to the treatment group assignment.
Licciardone, JC et al (2003). ”Osteopathic manipulative treatment for chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial.”. Spine 28 (13): sid. 1355–62. PMID 12838090. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12838090. Läst 3 maj 2012.. Citat: "Osteopathic manipulative treatment and sham manipulation both appear to provide some benefits when used in addition to usual care for the treatment of chronic nonspecific low back pain. It remains unclear whether the benefits of osteopathic manipulative treatment can be attributed to the manipulative techniques themselves or whether they are related to other aspects of osteopathic manipulative treatment, such as range of motion activities or time spent interacting with patients, which may represent placebo effects."
Assendelft, WJ (2003). ”Spinal manipulative therapy for low back pain. A meta-analysis of effectiveness relative to other therapies.”. Ann Intern Med. 138 (11): sid. 871-81. PMID 12779297. Läst 3 maj 2012.. Citat: "CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence that spinal manipulative therapy is superior to other standard treatments for patients with acute or chronic low back pain."
Ferreira, ML et al (2002). ”Does spinal manipulative therapy help people with chronic low back pain?”. Aust J Physiother 48 (4): sid. 277-84. PMID 12443522. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12443522. Läst 3 maj 2012.. Citat: "It is concluded that spinal manipulation does not produce clinically worthwhile decreases in pain compared with sham treatment, and does not produce clinically worthwhile reductions in disability compared with NSAIDs for patients with chronic low back pain. It is not clear whether spinal manipulation is more effective than NSAIDs in reducing pain of patients with chronic low back pain."
Standaert, CJ et al (2011). ”Comparative effectiveness of exercise, acupuncture, and spinal manipulation for low back pain”. Spine 36(21 Suppl) (21 Suppl): sid. 120-30. PMID 21952184. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21952184. Läst 3 maj 2012.. Citat: "The studies identified indicate that structured exercise and SMT appear to offer equivalent benefits in terms of pain and functional improvement for those with chronic LBP with clinical benefits evident within 8 weeks of care. However, the level of evidence is low [....] There is also insufficient evidence regarding the relative cost-effectiveness of structured exercise, SMT, or acupuncture in the treatment of chronic LBP.
Rubinstein, SM et al. (2011). ”Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low-back pain”. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 16 (2). PMID 21328304. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21328304. Läst 3 maj 2012. Citat: "High quality evidence suggests that there is no clinically relevant difference between SMT and other interventions for reducing pain and improving function in patients with chronic low-back pain. Determining cost-effectiveness of care has high priority. Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect in relation to inert interventions and sham SMT, and data related to recovery."
Brennan, GP et al (2006). ”Identifying subgroups of patients with acute/subacute "nonspecific" low back pain: results of a randomized clinical trial.”. Spine 31 (6): sid. 623-31. PMID 16540864. https://www.medicaljournals.se/jrm/content_files/download.php?doi=10.2340/16501977-1100. Läst 4 maj 2012.. Citat: "Patients with low back pain of less than 90 days' duration referred to physical therapy were examined before treatment and classified into one of three subgroups based on the type of treatment believed most likely to benefit the patient (manipulation, stabilization exercise, or specific exercise) [....] Conclusions. Nonspecific low back pain should not be viewed as a homogenous condition. Outcomes can be improved when subgrouping is used to guide treatment decision-making [....] Methods. Before randomization, patients completed a set of questionnaires and underwent a standardized examination. Baseline and follow-up examinations were conducted by a physical therapist who remained blind to the treatment group assignment.
