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Bhardwaj RK, Glaeser H, Becquemont L, Klotz U, Gupta SK, Fromm MF (28 mars 2002). ”Piperine, a major constituent of black pepper, inhibits human P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4”. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. "302" (2): ss. 645–50. doi:10.1124/jpet.102.034728. PMID 12130727.
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