San Marino can be certainly considered a civil law country – in fact, one of the purest civil law countries, because the legal system is still based on Roman law. Andrea Vicari, San Marino: New legislation on trusts and companiesArkiverad 5 oktober 2012 hämtat från the Wayback Machine., Läst den 15 mars 2013.
libertyfund.org
oll.libertyfund.org
Roman law consists of statutes, plebiscites, senatusconsults, constitutions of the emperors, edicts of magistrates authorized to issue them, and opinions of jurists. A statute is a command and ordinance of the people: a plebiscite is a command and ordinance of the commonalty. The commonalty and the people are thus distinguished: the people are all the citizens, including the patricians; the commonalty are all the citizens, except the patricians. Whence in former times the patricians maintained that they were not bound by the plebiscites, as passed without their authority; but afterwards a statute called the lex Hortensia was enacted, which provided that the plebiscites should bind the people, and thus plebiscites were made co-ordinate with statutes. A senatusconsult is a command and ordinance of the senate, and has the force of a statute, a point which was formerly controverted. A constitution is law established by the emperor either by decree, edict, or letter; and was always recognized as having the force of a statute, since it is by a statute that the emperor himself acquires supreme executive power. Power to issue edicts is vested in magistrates of the people of Rome, the amplest authority belonging to the edicts of the two praetors, the home praetor and the foreign praetor, whose provincial jurisdiction is vested in the presidents of the provinces, and to the edicts of the curule aediles, whose jurisdiction in the provinces of the people of Rome is vested in quaestors: in the provinces of the emperor no quaestors are appointed, and in these provinces, accordingly, the edict of the aediles is not published. The answers of jurists are the decisions and opinions of persons authorized to lay down the law. If they are unanimous their decision has the force of law; if they disagree, the judge may follow whichever opinion he chooses, as is ruled by a rescript of the late emperor Hadrian.
Constant autem iura populi Romani ex legibus, plebiscitis, senatusconsultis, constitutionibus principum, edictis eorum qui ius edicendi habent, responsis prudentium. Lex est quod populus iubet atque constituit. Plebiscitum est quod plebs iubet atque constituit. plebs autem a populo eo distat, quod populi appellatione uniuersi ciues significantur, connumeratis etiam patriciis; plebis autem appellatione sine patriciis ceteri ciues significantur; unde olim patricii dicebant plebiscitis se non teneri, quia sine auctoritate eorum facta essent; sed postea lex Hortensia lata est, qua cautum est ut plebiscita uniuersum populum tenerent; itaque eo modo legibus exaequata sunt. Senatusconsultum est quod senatus iubet atque constituit, idque legis uicem optinet, quamuis fuerit quaesitum. Constitutio principis est quod imperator decreto uel edicto uel epistula constituit. nec umquam dubitatum est, quin id legis uicem optineat, cum ipse imperator per legem imperium accipiat ius autem edicendi habent magistratus populi Romani; sed amplissimum ius est in edictis duorum praetorum, urbani et peregrini, quorum in prouinciis iurisdictionem praesides earum habent; item in edictis aedilium curulium, quorum iurisdictionem in prouinciis populi Romani quaestores habent; nam in prouincias Caesaris omnino quaestores non mittuntur, et ob id hoc edictum in his prouinciis non proponitur. Responsa prudentium sunt sententiae et opiniones eorum quibus permissum est iura condere. quorum omnium si in unum sententiae concurrunt, id quod ita sentiunt legis uicem optinet; si uero dissentiunt, iudici licet quam uelit sententiam sequi; idque rescripto diui Hadriani significatur.
Gaius, Institutiones, De ivre civili et natvralii.
sdsu.edu
www-rohan.sdsu.edu
The judicial system is blended. Courts apply the customary laws of Andorra, supplemented with Roman law and customary Catalan law. Comparative Criminology: AndorraArkiverad 19 december 2013 hämtat från the Wayback Machine., Läst den 15 mars 2013.
web.archive.org
The judicial system is blended. Courts apply the customary laws of Andorra, supplemented with Roman law and customary Catalan law. Comparative Criminology: AndorraArkiverad 19 december 2013 hämtat från the Wayback Machine., Läst den 15 mars 2013.
San Marino can be certainly considered a civil law country – in fact, one of the purest civil law countries, because the legal system is still based on Roman law. Andrea Vicari, San Marino: New legislation on trusts and companiesArkiverad 5 oktober 2012 hämtat från the Wayback Machine., Läst den 15 mars 2013.
