Kenine E. Comstock, Nicholas Georgiadis, Jill Pecon-Slattery, Alfred L. Roca, Elaine A. Ostrander, Stephen J. O'Brien, Samuel K. Wasser (2002). Patterns of molecular genetic variation among African elephant populations. Molecular Ecology band 11. sid. 2489–2498. doi:10.1046/j.1365-294X.2002.01615.x
Nadin Rohland, David Reich, Swapan Mallick, Matthias Meyer, Richard E. Green, Nicholas J. Georgiadis, Alfred L. Roca, Michael Hofreiter (2010). Genomic DNA Sequences from Mastodon and Woolly Mammoth Reveal Deep Speciation of Forest and Savanna Elephants. PLoS Biol band 8. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000564
Debruyne R, van Holt A, Barriel V & Tassy P (22 november 2003). ”Status of the so-called African pygmy elephant (Loxodonta pumilio (NOACK 1906)): phylogeny of cytochrome b and mitochondrial control region sequences”. Comptes Rendus de Biologie "326" (7): ss. 687–69. PMID 14556388.