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Gardner, A.; Grafen, A. (2009). "Capturing the superorganism: A formal theory of group adaptation". Journal of Evolutionary Biology22 (4): 659–671. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01681.x. பப்மெட்:19210588.
Moreira, D.; López-García, P. N. (2009). "Ten reasons to exclude viruses from the tree of life". Nature Reviews Microbiology7 (4): 306–11. doi:10.1038/nrmicro2108. பப்மெட்:19270719.