"The Indian case is that chess originated in the Indian subcontinent in or before the early seventh century AD, where it was known as chaturanga Chaturanga or caturanga originally meant four elements or arms, and the term had been used in Sanskrit literature from an early date to describe the four parts of the Indian army: elephants, cavalry, chariots and foot soldiers. These were also the pieces, together with the rajah and mantrin or counsellor, which were used in the game of Chaturanga which was thus a representation on the board of a conflict between Indian armies."Ancient board games in perspective : papers from the 1990 British Museum colloquium, with additional contributions. London: British Museum Press. 2007. பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண்978-0-7141-1153-7.
Bana; Cowell, Edward B. (Edward Byles); Thomas, Frederick William (1897). The Harsa-carita of Bana. University of California Libraries. London : Royal Asiatic Society. p. 65.
