Both the long and short a phonemes are retracted to ɑ or [ɑː] in the environment of pharyngeal and pharyngealized consonants (i.e. the so-called "emphatic" consonants), namely /tˤdˤðˤqsˤ/.
In Egypt, ج is pronounced ɡ even in formal Arabic.
In Egypt, ج is pronounced ɡ even in formal situations and as such is used to transliterate foreign ɡ
