ஆர்க்கீயா (Tamil Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "ஆர்க்கீயா" in Tamil language version.

Last modified: 20:37:16, 23 June 2026 (UTC)

Ref.Un. Ref.Website

Global rank Tamil rank

1313doi.org

2^nd place

5^th place

1111nih.gov

5^th place

9^th place

99adsabs.harvard.edu

14^th place

21^st place

55archive.org

6^th place

7^th place

44pubmedcentral.gov

low place

118^th place

33web.archive.org

1^st place

22excite.com

low place

8,323^rd place

22pnas.org

1,411^th place

549^th place

11usgs.gov

119^th place

107^th place

11americanscientist.org

9,393^rd place

2,740^th place

11arstechnica.com

473^rd place

1,052^nd place

11nature.com

207^th place

188^th place

11liebertpub.com

8,924^th place

7,844^th place

11worldcat.org

4^th place

13^th place

11royalsoc.ac.uk

low place

1,817^th place

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; Tamil: 21^st place)

Dalrymple, G. Brent (2001). "The age of the Earth in the twentieth century: a problem (mostly) solved". Special Publications, Geological Society of London 190 (1): 205–221. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2001.190.01.14. Bibcode: 2001GSLSP.190..205D.
Manhesa, Gérard; Allègre, Claude J.; Dupréa, Bernard; Hamelin, Bruno (1980). "Lead isotope study of basic-ultrabasic layered complexes: Speculations about the age of the earth and primitive mantle characteristics". Earth and Planetary Science Letters 47 (3): 370–382. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(80)90024-2. Bibcode: 1980E&PSL..47..370M. https://archive.org/details/sim_earth-and-planetary-science-letters_1980-05_47_3/page/370.
Yoko Ohtomo; Takeshi Kakegawa; Akizumi Ishida; Toshiro Nagase; Minik T. Rosing (8 December 2013). "Evidence for biogenic graphite in early Archaean Isua metasedimentary rocks". Nature Geoscience (Nature Geoscience) 7: 25. doi:10.1038/ngeo2025. Bibcode: 2014NatGe...7...25O. http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ngeo2025.html. பார்த்த நாள்: 9 Dec 2013.
Noffke, Nora; Christian, Daniel; Wacey, David; Hazen, Robert M. (8 November 2013). "Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures Recording an Ancient Ecosystem in the ca. 3.48 Billion-Year-Old Dresser Formation, Pilbara, Western Australia". Astrobiology (journal) 13 (12): 1103–24. doi:10.1089/ast.2013.1030. பப்மெட்:24205812. பப்மெட் சென்ட்ரல்:3870916. Bibcode: 2013AsBio..13.1103N. http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/ast.2013.1030. பார்த்த நாள்: 15 November 2013.
Bell, Elizabeth A.; Boehnike, Patrick; Harrison, T. Mark et al. (19 October 2015). "Potentially biogenic carbon preserved in a 4.1 billion-year-old zircon" (PDF). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences) 112 (47): 14518–21. doi:10.1073/pnas.1517557112. பன்னாட்டுத் தர தொடர் எண்:1091-6490. பப்மெட்:26483481. பப்மெட் சென்ட்ரல்:4664351. Bibcode: 2015PNAS..11214518B. http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2015/10/14/1517557112.full.pdf. பார்த்த நாள்: 2015-10-20.
Chappe B; Albrecht P; Michaelis W (July 1982). "Polar Lipids of Archaebacteria in Sediments and Petroleums". Science 217 (4554): 65–66. doi:10.1126/science.217.4554.65. பப்மெட்:17739984. Bibcode: 1982Sci...217...65C. https://archive.org/details/sim_science_1982-07-02_217_4554/page/64.
Rasmussen B; Fletcher IR; Brocks JJ; Kilburn MR (October 2008). "Reassessing the first appearance of eukaryotes and cyanobacteria". Nature 455 (7216): 1101–4. doi:10.1038/nature07381. பப்மெட்:18948954. Bibcode: 2008Natur.455.1101R. https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2008-10-23_455_7216/page/1100.
Woese CR; Gupta R (1981). "Are archaebacteria merely derived 'prokaryotes'?". Nature 289 (5793): 95–6. doi:10.1038/289095a0. பப்மெட்:6161309. Bibcode: 1981Natur.289...95W. https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_january-1-8-1981_289_5793/page/95.
Woese C (1998). "The universal ancestor". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 95 (12): 6854–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.12.6854. பப்மெட்:9618502. பப்மெட் சென்ட்ரல்:22660. Bibcode: 1998PNAS...95.6854W. http://www.pnas.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9618502.

americanscientist.org (Global: 9,393^rd place; Tamil: 2,740^th place)

Christian de Duve (October 1995). "The Beginnings of Life on Earth". American Scientist. http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/pub/the-beginnings-of-life-on-earth/1. பார்த்த நாள்: 15 January 2014.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; Tamil: 7^th place)

Manhesa, Gérard; Allègre, Claude J.; Dupréa, Bernard; Hamelin, Bruno (1980). "Lead isotope study of basic-ultrabasic layered complexes: Speculations about the age of the earth and primitive mantle characteristics". Earth and Planetary Science Letters 47 (3): 370–382. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(80)90024-2. Bibcode: 1980E&PSL..47..370M. https://archive.org/details/sim_earth-and-planetary-science-letters_1980-05_47_3/page/370.
Chappe B; Albrecht P; Michaelis W (July 1982). "Polar Lipids of Archaebacteria in Sediments and Petroleums". Science 217 (4554): 65–66. doi:10.1126/science.217.4554.65. பப்மெட்:17739984. Bibcode: 1982Sci...217...65C. https://archive.org/details/sim_science_1982-07-02_217_4554/page/64.
Brocks JJ; Logan GA; Buick R; Summons RE (1999). "Archean molecular fossils and the early rise of eukaryotes". Science 285 (5430): 1033–6. doi:10.1126/science.285.5430.1033. பப்மெட்:10446042. https://archive.org/details/sim_science_1999-08-13_285_5430/page/n59.
Rasmussen B; Fletcher IR; Brocks JJ; Kilburn MR (October 2008). "Reassessing the first appearance of eukaryotes and cyanobacteria". Nature 455 (7216): 1101–4. doi:10.1038/nature07381. பப்மெட்:18948954. Bibcode: 2008Natur.455.1101R. https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2008-10-23_455_7216/page/1100.
Woese CR; Gupta R (1981). "Are archaebacteria merely derived 'prokaryotes'?". Nature 289 (5793): 95–6. doi:10.1038/289095a0. பப்மெட்:6161309. Bibcode: 1981Natur.289...95W. https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_january-1-8-1981_289_5793/page/95.

arstechnica.com (Global: 473^rd place; Tamil: 1,052^nd place)

Timmer, John (4 September 2012). "3.5 billion year old organic deposits show signs of life". Ars Technica. Retrieved 15 January 2014.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; Tamil: 5^th place)

dx.doi.org

Dalrymple, G. Brent (2001). "The age of the Earth in the twentieth century: a problem (mostly) solved". Special Publications, Geological Society of London 190 (1): 205–221. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2001.190.01.14. Bibcode: 2001GSLSP.190..205D.
Manhesa, Gérard; Allègre, Claude J.; Dupréa, Bernard; Hamelin, Bruno (1980). "Lead isotope study of basic-ultrabasic layered complexes: Speculations about the age of the earth and primitive mantle characteristics". Earth and Planetary Science Letters 47 (3): 370–382. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(80)90024-2. Bibcode: 1980E&PSL..47..370M. https://archive.org/details/sim_earth-and-planetary-science-letters_1980-05_47_3/page/370.
Yoko Ohtomo; Takeshi Kakegawa; Akizumi Ishida; Toshiro Nagase; Minik T. Rosing (8 December 2013). "Evidence for biogenic graphite in early Archaean Isua metasedimentary rocks". Nature Geoscience (Nature Geoscience) 7: 25. doi:10.1038/ngeo2025. Bibcode: 2014NatGe...7...25O. http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ngeo2025.html. பார்த்த நாள்: 9 Dec 2013.
Noffke, Nora; Christian, Daniel; Wacey, David; Hazen, Robert M. (8 November 2013). "Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures Recording an Ancient Ecosystem in the ca. 3.48 Billion-Year-Old Dresser Formation, Pilbara, Western Australia". Astrobiology (journal) 13 (12): 1103–24. doi:10.1089/ast.2013.1030. பப்மெட்:24205812. பப்மெட் சென்ட்ரல்:3870916. Bibcode: 2013AsBio..13.1103N. http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/ast.2013.1030. பார்த்த நாள்: 15 November 2013.
Bell, Elizabeth A.; Boehnike, Patrick; Harrison, T. Mark et al. (19 October 2015). "Potentially biogenic carbon preserved in a 4.1 billion-year-old zircon" (PDF). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences) 112 (47): 14518–21. doi:10.1073/pnas.1517557112. பன்னாட்டுத் தர தொடர் எண்:1091-6490. பப்மெட்:26483481. பப்மெட் சென்ட்ரல்:4664351. Bibcode: 2015PNAS..11214518B. http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2015/10/14/1517557112.full.pdf. பார்த்த நாள்: 2015-10-20.
Schopf J (2006). "Fossil evidence of Archaean life" (PDF). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 361 (1470): 869–85. doi:10.1098/rstb.2006.1834. பப்மெட்:16754604. பப்மெட் சென்ட்ரல்:1578735. http://www.journals.royalsoc.ac.uk/content/g38537726r273422/fulltext.pdf. ^{[தொடர்பிழந்த இணைப்பு]}
Chappe B; Albrecht P; Michaelis W (July 1982). "Polar Lipids of Archaebacteria in Sediments and Petroleums". Science 217 (4554): 65–66. doi:10.1126/science.217.4554.65. பப்மெட்:17739984. Bibcode: 1982Sci...217...65C. https://archive.org/details/sim_science_1982-07-02_217_4554/page/64.
Brocks JJ; Logan GA; Buick R; Summons RE (1999). "Archean molecular fossils and the early rise of eukaryotes". Science 285 (5430): 1033–6. doi:10.1126/science.285.5430.1033. பப்மெட்:10446042. https://archive.org/details/sim_science_1999-08-13_285_5430/page/n59.
Rasmussen B; Fletcher IR; Brocks JJ; Kilburn MR (October 2008). "Reassessing the first appearance of eukaryotes and cyanobacteria". Nature 455 (7216): 1101–4. doi:10.1038/nature07381. பப்மெட்:18948954. Bibcode: 2008Natur.455.1101R. https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2008-10-23_455_7216/page/1100.
Hahn, Jürgen; Pat Haug (1986). "Traces of Archaebacteria in ancient sediments". System Applied Microbiology 7 (Archaebacteria '85 Proceedings): 178–83. doi:10.1016/S0723-2020(86)80002-9.
Wang M; Yafremava LS; Caetano-Anollés D; Mittenthal JE; Caetano-Anollés G (2007). "Reductive evolution of architectural repertoires in proteomes and the birth of the tripartite world". Genome Res. 17 (11): 1572–85. doi:10.1101/gr.6454307. பப்மெட்:17908824.
Woese CR; Gupta R (1981). "Are archaebacteria merely derived 'prokaryotes'?". Nature 289 (5793): 95–6. doi:10.1038/289095a0. பப்மெட்:6161309. Bibcode: 1981Natur.289...95W. https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_january-1-8-1981_289_5793/page/95.
Woese C (1998). "The universal ancestor". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 95 (12): 6854–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.12.6854. பப்மெட்:9618502. பப்மெட் சென்ட்ரல்:22660. Bibcode: 1998PNAS...95.6854W. http://www.pnas.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9618502.

excite.com (Global: low place; Tamil: 8,323^rd place)

apnews.excite.com

Borenstein, Seth (13 November 2013). "Oldest fossil found: Meet your microbial mom". Associated Press இம் மூலத்தில் இருந்து 29 ஜூன் 2015 அன்று. பரணிடப்பட்டது.. https://web.archive.org/web/20150629230719/http://apnews.excite.com/article/20131113/DAA1VSC01.html. பார்த்த நாள்: 15 November 2013.
Borenstein, Seth (19 October 2015). "Hints of life on what was thought to be desolate early Earth". Excite. Associated Press (Yonkers, NY: Mindspark Interactive Network) இம் மூலத்தில் இருந்து 2015-10-23 அன்று. பரணிடப்பட்டது.. https://web.archive.org/web/20151023200248/http://apnews.excite.com/article/20151019/us-sci--earliest_life-a400435d0d.html. பார்த்த நாள்: 2015-10-20.

liebertpub.com (Global: 8,924^th place; Tamil: 7,844^th place)

online.liebertpub.com

Noffke, Nora; Christian, Daniel; Wacey, David; Hazen, Robert M. (8 November 2013). "Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures Recording an Ancient Ecosystem in the ca. 3.48 Billion-Year-Old Dresser Formation, Pilbara, Western Australia". Astrobiology (journal) 13 (12): 1103–24. doi:10.1089/ast.2013.1030. பப்மெட்:24205812. பப்மெட் சென்ட்ரல்:3870916. Bibcode: 2013AsBio..13.1103N. http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/ast.2013.1030. பார்த்த நாள்: 15 November 2013.

nature.com (Global: 207^th place; Tamil: 188^th place)

Yoko Ohtomo; Takeshi Kakegawa; Akizumi Ishida; Toshiro Nagase; Minik T. Rosing (8 December 2013). "Evidence for biogenic graphite in early Archaean Isua metasedimentary rocks". Nature Geoscience (Nature Geoscience) 7: 25. doi:10.1038/ngeo2025. Bibcode: 2014NatGe...7...25O. http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ngeo2025.html. பார்த்த நாள்: 9 Dec 2013.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; Tamil: 9^th place)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Woese C, Fox G (1977). "Phylogenetic structure of the prokaryotic domain: the primary kingdoms". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74 (11): 5088–90. doi:10.1073/pnas.74.11.5088. PMC 432104. PubMed.
Noffke, Nora; Christian, Daniel; Wacey, David; Hazen, Robert M. (8 November 2013). "Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures Recording an Ancient Ecosystem in the ca. 3.48 Billion-Year-Old Dresser Formation, Pilbara, Western Australia". Astrobiology (journal) 13 (12): 1103–24. doi:10.1089/ast.2013.1030. பப்மெட்:24205812. பப்மெட் சென்ட்ரல்:3870916. Bibcode: 2013AsBio..13.1103N. http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/ast.2013.1030. பார்த்த நாள்: 15 November 2013.
Bell, Elizabeth A.; Boehnike, Patrick; Harrison, T. Mark et al. (19 October 2015). "Potentially biogenic carbon preserved in a 4.1 billion-year-old zircon" (PDF). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences) 112 (47): 14518–21. doi:10.1073/pnas.1517557112. பன்னாட்டுத் தர தொடர் எண்:1091-6490. பப்மெட்:26483481. பப்மெட் சென்ட்ரல்:4664351. Bibcode: 2015PNAS..11214518B. http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2015/10/14/1517557112.full.pdf. பார்த்த நாள்: 2015-10-20.
Schopf J (2006). "Fossil evidence of Archaean life" (PDF). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 361 (1470): 869–85. doi:10.1098/rstb.2006.1834. பப்மெட்:16754604. பப்மெட் சென்ட்ரல்:1578735. http://www.journals.royalsoc.ac.uk/content/g38537726r273422/fulltext.pdf. ^{[தொடர்பிழந்த இணைப்பு]}
Chappe B; Albrecht P; Michaelis W (July 1982). "Polar Lipids of Archaebacteria in Sediments and Petroleums". Science 217 (4554): 65–66. doi:10.1126/science.217.4554.65. பப்மெட்:17739984. Bibcode: 1982Sci...217...65C. https://archive.org/details/sim_science_1982-07-02_217_4554/page/64.
Brocks JJ; Logan GA; Buick R; Summons RE (1999). "Archean molecular fossils and the early rise of eukaryotes". Science 285 (5430): 1033–6. doi:10.1126/science.285.5430.1033. பப்மெட்:10446042. https://archive.org/details/sim_science_1999-08-13_285_5430/page/n59.
Rasmussen B; Fletcher IR; Brocks JJ; Kilburn MR (October 2008). "Reassessing the first appearance of eukaryotes and cyanobacteria". Nature 455 (7216): 1101–4. doi:10.1038/nature07381. பப்மெட்:18948954. Bibcode: 2008Natur.455.1101R. https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2008-10-23_455_7216/page/1100.
Wang M; Yafremava LS; Caetano-Anollés D; Mittenthal JE; Caetano-Anollés G (2007). "Reductive evolution of architectural repertoires in proteomes and the birth of the tripartite world". Genome Res. 17 (11): 1572–85. doi:10.1101/gr.6454307. பப்மெட்:17908824.
Woese CR; Gupta R (1981). "Are archaebacteria merely derived 'prokaryotes'?". Nature 289 (5793): 95–6. doi:10.1038/289095a0. பப்மெட்:6161309. Bibcode: 1981Natur.289...95W. https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_january-1-8-1981_289_5793/page/95.
Woese C (1998). "The universal ancestor". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 95 (12): 6854–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.12.6854. பப்மெட்:9618502. பப்மெட் சென்ட்ரல்:22660. Bibcode: 1998PNAS...95.6854W. http://www.pnas.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9618502.

pubmedcentral.nih.gov

Wang M; Yafremava LS; Caetano-Anollés D; Mittenthal JE; Caetano-Anollés G (2007). "Reductive evolution of architectural repertoires in proteomes and the birth of the tripartite world". Genome Res. 17 (11): 1572–85. doi:10.1101/gr.6454307. பப்மெட்:17908824.

pnas.org (Global: 1,411^th place; Tamil: 549^th place)

Bell, Elizabeth A.; Boehnike, Patrick; Harrison, T. Mark et al. (19 October 2015). "Potentially biogenic carbon preserved in a 4.1 billion-year-old zircon" (PDF). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences) 112 (47): 14518–21. doi:10.1073/pnas.1517557112. பன்னாட்டுத் தர தொடர் எண்:1091-6490. பப்மெட்:26483481. பப்மெட் சென்ட்ரல்:4664351. Bibcode: 2015PNAS..11214518B. http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2015/10/14/1517557112.full.pdf. பார்த்த நாள்: 2015-10-20.
Woese C (1998). "The universal ancestor". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 95 (12): 6854–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.12.6854. பப்மெட்:9618502. பப்மெட் சென்ட்ரல்:22660. Bibcode: 1998PNAS...95.6854W. http://www.pnas.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9618502.

pubmedcentral.gov (Global: low place; Tamil: 118^th place)

Noffke, Nora; Christian, Daniel; Wacey, David; Hazen, Robert M. (8 November 2013). "Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures Recording an Ancient Ecosystem in the ca. 3.48 Billion-Year-Old Dresser Formation, Pilbara, Western Australia". Astrobiology (journal) 13 (12): 1103–24. doi:10.1089/ast.2013.1030. பப்மெட்:24205812. பப்மெட் சென்ட்ரல்:3870916. Bibcode: 2013AsBio..13.1103N. http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/ast.2013.1030. பார்த்த நாள்: 15 November 2013.
Bell, Elizabeth A.; Boehnike, Patrick; Harrison, T. Mark et al. (19 October 2015). "Potentially biogenic carbon preserved in a 4.1 billion-year-old zircon" (PDF). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences) 112 (47): 14518–21. doi:10.1073/pnas.1517557112. பன்னாட்டுத் தர தொடர் எண்:1091-6490. பப்மெட்:26483481. பப்மெட் சென்ட்ரல்:4664351. Bibcode: 2015PNAS..11214518B. http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2015/10/14/1517557112.full.pdf. பார்த்த நாள்: 2015-10-20.
Schopf J (2006). "Fossil evidence of Archaean life" (PDF). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 361 (1470): 869–85. doi:10.1098/rstb.2006.1834. பப்மெட்:16754604. பப்மெட் சென்ட்ரல்:1578735. http://www.journals.royalsoc.ac.uk/content/g38537726r273422/fulltext.pdf. ^{[தொடர்பிழந்த இணைப்பு]}
Woese C (1998). "The universal ancestor". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 95 (12): 6854–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.12.6854. பப்மெட்:9618502. பப்மெட் சென்ட்ரல்:22660. Bibcode: 1998PNAS...95.6854W. http://www.pnas.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9618502.

royalsoc.ac.uk (Global: low place; Tamil: 1,817^th place)

journals.royalsoc.ac.uk

Schopf J (2006). "Fossil evidence of Archaean life" (PDF). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 361 (1470): 869–85. doi:10.1098/rstb.2006.1834. பப்மெட்:16754604. பப்மெட் சென்ட்ரல்:1578735. http://www.journals.royalsoc.ac.uk/content/g38537726r273422/fulltext.pdf. ^{[தொடர்பிழந்த இணைப்பு]}

usgs.gov (Global: 119^th place; Tamil: 107^th place)

pubs.usgs.gov

"Age of the Earth". U.S. Geological Survey. 1997. Archived from the original on 23 December 2005. Retrieved 2006-01-10.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; Tamil: 1^st place)

"Age of the Earth". U.S. Geological Survey. 1997. Archived from the original on 23 December 2005. Retrieved 2006-01-10.
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worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; Tamil: 13^th place)

Bell, Elizabeth A.; Boehnike, Patrick; Harrison, T. Mark et al. (19 October 2015). "Potentially biogenic carbon preserved in a 4.1 billion-year-old zircon" (PDF). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences) 112 (47): 14518–21. doi:10.1073/pnas.1517557112. பன்னாட்டுத் தர தொடர் எண்:1091-6490. பப்மெட்:26483481. பப்மெட் சென்ட்ரல்:4664351. Bibcode: 2015PNAS..11214518B. http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2015/10/14/1517557112.full.pdf. பார்த்த நாள்: 2015-10-20.

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