உரோமைப் பேரரசு (Tamil Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "உரோமைப் பேரரசு" in Tamil language version.

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Peter, Heather. "The Fall of Rome". BBC. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 11 February 2020.
Peter, Heather. "The Fall of Rome". BBC. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 11 February 2020.

britannica.com

Sala, Marius; Posner, Rebecca. "Romance languages". Britannica. Britannica. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 11 February 2020. By the beginning of the 21st century, some 920 million people claimed a Romance language as their mother tongue.
"Roman Coins, Republic And Empire". Britannica. Britannica. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 11 February 2020.
பிரித்தானிக்கா கலைக்களஞ்சியம், Apollodorus of Damascus, "Greek engineer and architect who worked primarily for the Roman emperor Trajan."; Sarton, George (1936). "The Unity and Diversity of the Mediterranean World". Osiris 2: 406–463 (430). doi:10.1086/368462. ; Calcani, Giuliana; Abdulkarim, Maamoun (2003). Apollodorus of Damascus and Trajan's Column: From Tradition to Project. L'Erma di Bretschneider. p. 11. பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண் 978-88-8265-233-3. ... focusing on the brilliant architect Apollodorus of Damascus. This famous Syrian personage represents ...; Yan, Hong-Sen; Ceccarelli, Marco (2009). International Symposium on History of Machines and Mechanisms: Proceedings of HMM 2008. Springer. p. 86. பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண் 978-1-4020-9484-2. He had Syrian origins coming from Damascus

ccel.org

Gibbon, Edward (1776), "The Decline And Fall in the West – Chapter 4", The History of the Decline And Fall of the Roman Empire

doi.org

Robert Lee Wolff (1948). "Romania: The Latin Empire of Constantinople". Speculum 23 (1): 1–34, especially 2–3. doi:10.2307/2853672. https://archive.org/details/sim_speculum_1948-01_23_1/page/1.
Andrew Gillett (2001). "Rome, Ravenna and the Last Western Emperors". Papers of the British School at Rome 69: 131–167. doi:10.1017/S0068246200001781. பன்னாட்டுத் தர தொடர் எண்:0068-2462. https://www.academia.edu/18189525.
Rein Taagepera (1979). "Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D". Social Science History (Duke University Press) 3 (3/4): 125. doi:10.2307/1170959.
Durand, John D. (1977). "Historical Estimates of World Population: An Evaluation". Population and Development Review 3 (3): 253–296. doi:10.2307/1971891. http://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1009&context=psc_penn_papers.
Goldsmith, Raymond W. (2005). "An Estimate of the Size Anl Structure of the National Product of the Early Roman Empire". Review of Income and Wealth 30 (3): 263–288. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1984.tb00552.x.
Scheidel, Walter (April 2006). "Population and demography" (PDF). Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics. p. 9.; Hanson, J. W.; Ortman, S. G. (2017). "A systematic method for estimating the populations of Greek and Roman settlements" (in en). Journal of Roman Archaeology 30: 301–324. doi:10.1017/S1047759400074134. பன்னாட்டுத் தர தொடர் எண்:1047-7594.
Curchin, Leonard A. (1995). "Literacy in the Roman Provinces: Qualitative and Quantitative Data from Central Spain". The American Journal of Philology 116 (3): 461–476 (464). doi:10.2307/295333. https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-philology_fall-1995_116_3/page/461.
Cantarella, Eva (1987). Pandora's Daughters: The Role and Status of Women in Greek and Roman Antiquity. Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 140–141.; Sullivan, J.P. (1979). "Martial's Sexual Attitudes". Philologus 123 (1–2): 296. doi:10.1524/phil.1979.123.12.288.
McGinn, Thomas A. J. (1991). "Concubinage and the Lex Iulia on Adultery". Transactions of the American Philological Association 121: 335–375 (342). doi:10.2307/284457. ; Mussbaum, Martha C. (2002). The Incomplete Feminism of Musonius Rufus, Platonist, Stoic, and Roman. University of Chicago Press. p. 305. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help), noting that custom "allowed much latitude for personal negotiation and gradual social change"; Fantham, Elaine (2011). Stuprum: Public Attitudes and Penalties for Sexual Offences in Republican Rome. Walter de Gruyter. p. 124. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help), citing Papinian, De adulteriis I and Modestinus, Liber Regularum I. Cantarella, Eva (2002) [1988 (Italian), 1992]. Bisexuality in the Ancient World. Yale University Press. p. 104.; (Edwards 2007, ப. 34–35) Edwards, Catharine (2007). Death in Ancient Rome. Yale University Press. பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண் 978-0-300-11208-5.
(Harris 1999, ப. 62-75); Taylor, Timothy (2010). "Believing the ancients: Quantitative and qualitative dimensions of slavery and the slave trade in later prehistoric Eurasia". World Archaeology 33 (1): 27–43. doi:10.1080/00438240120047618.
Gamauf, Richard (2009). "Slaves doing business: The role of Roman law in the economy of a Roman household". European Review of History 16 (3): 331–346. doi:10.1080/13507480902916837.
Harper, James (1972). "Slaves and Freedmen in Imperial Rome". American Journal of Philology 93 (2): 341–342. doi:10.2307/293259. https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-philology_1972-04_93_2/page/341.
MacMullen, Ramsay (1966). "Provincial Languages in the Roman Empire". The American Journal of Philology 87 (1): 1–17. doi:10.2307/292973. https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-philology_1966-01_87_1/page/1.
Coleman, K. M. (2012). "Fatal Charades: Roman Executions Staged as Mythological Enactments". Journal of Roman Studies 80: 44–73. doi:10.2307/300280.
Connolly, Peter (1986). "A Reconstruction of a Roman Saddle". Britannia 17: 353–355. doi:10.2307/526559. ; Connolly, Peter; Van Driel-Murray, Carol (1991). "The Roman Cavalry Saddle". Britannia 22: 33–50. doi:10.2307/526629.
Wilson, Andrew (2002). "Machines, Power and the Ancient Economy". The Journal of Roman Studies 92: 1–32. doi:10.2307/3184857.
Hong, S.; Candelone, J.-P.; Patterson, C. C.; Boutron, C. F. (1996). "History of Ancient Copper Smelting Pollution During Roman and Medieval Times Recorded in Greenland Ice". Science 272 (5259): 246. doi:10.1126/science.272.5259.246. Bibcode: 1996Sci...272..246H.
Hong, S; Candelone, J. P.; Patterson, C. C.; Boutron, C. F. (1994). "Greenland ice evidence of hemispheric lead pollution two millennia ago by greek and roman civilizations". Science 265 (5180): 1841–3. doi:10.1126/science.265.5180.1841. பப்மெட்:17797222. Bibcode: 1994Sci...265.1841H. http://www.precaution.org/lib/greenland_ice_evidence_of_ancient_lead_pollution.19940923.pdf.
De Callataÿ, François (2015). "The Graeco-Roman economy in the super long-run: Lead, copper, and shipwrecks". Journal of Roman Archaeology 18: 361–372. doi:10.1017/S104775940000742X.
Settle, D. M.; Patterson, C. C. (1980). "Lead in albacore: Guide to lead pollution in Americans". Science 207 (4436): 1167–76. doi:10.1126/science.6986654. பப்மெட்:6986654. Bibcode: 1980Sci...207.1167S.
Patterson, C. C. (1972). "Silver Stocks and Losses in Ancient and Medieval Times". The Economic History Review 25 (2): 205–235 (tables 2, 6). doi:10.1111/j.1468-0289.1972.tb02173.x.
Temin, Peter (2004). "The Labor Market of the Early Roman Empire". Journal of Interdisciplinary History 34 (4): 513–538. doi:10.1162/002219504773512525. https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-interdisciplinary-history_spring-2004_34_4/page/513.
Walter Scheidel; Friesen, Steven J. (2010). "The Size of the Economy and the Distribution of Income in the Roman Empire". Journal of Roman Studies 99: 61–91. doi:10.3815/007543509789745223. https://www.princeton.edu/~pswpc/pdfs/scheidel/010901.pdf.
பிரித்தானிக்கா கலைக்களஞ்சியம், Apollodorus of Damascus, "Greek engineer and architect who worked primarily for the Roman emperor Trajan."; Sarton, George (1936). "The Unity and Diversity of the Mediterranean World". Osiris 2: 406–463 (430). doi:10.1086/368462. ; Calcani, Giuliana; Abdulkarim, Maamoun (2003). Apollodorus of Damascus and Trajan's Column: From Tradition to Project. L'Erma di Bretschneider. p. 11. பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண் 978-88-8265-233-3. ... focusing on the brilliant architect Apollodorus of Damascus. This famous Syrian personage represents ...; Yan, Hong-Sen; Ceccarelli, Marco (2009). International Symposium on History of Machines and Mechanisms: Proceedings of HMM 2008. Springer. p. 86. பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண் 978-1-4020-9484-2. He had Syrian origins coming from Damascus
Smith, Norman (1970). "The Roman Dams of Subiaco". Technology and Culture 11 (1): 58–68. doi:10.2307/3102810. https://archive.org/details/sim_technology-and-culture_1970-01_11_1/page/58. ; Smith, Norman (1971). A History of Dams. Peter Davies. p. 26. பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண் 978-0-432-15090-0.; Schnitter, Niklaus (1978). "Römische Talsperren". Antike Welt 8 (2): 25–32 (28).
Ritti, Tullia; Grewe, Klaus; Kessener, Paul (2007). "A Relief of a Water-powered Stone Saw Mill on a Sarcophagus at Hierapolis and its Implications". Journal of Roman Archaeology 20: 138–163 (156, fn. 74). doi:10.1017/S1047759400005341.
(Harper 2017, ப. 75–79); Koepke, Nikola; Baten, Joerg (1 April 2005). "The biological standard of living in Europe during the last two millennia". European Review of Economic History 9 (1): 61–95. doi:10.1017/S1361491604001388.
Fagan, Garrett G. (2001). "The Genesis of the Roman Public Bath: Recent Approaches and Future Directions". American Journal of Archaeology 105 (3): 403–426. doi:10.2307/507363. http://www.arch.mcgill.ca/prof/sijpkes/aaresearch-2012/in-extremis-file/Roman-Baths-origin.pdf. பார்த்த நாள்: 12 January 2017.
Ward, Roy Bowen (1992). "Women in Roman Baths". Harvard Theological Review 85 (2): 125–147. doi:10.1017/S0017816000028820.
Taylor, Rabun (2005). "Roman Oscilla: An Assessment". Res: Anthropology and Aesthetics 48 (48): 83–105. doi:10.1086/RESv48n1ms20167679.
T. P. Wiseman (2012). "The Census in the First Century B.C". Journal of Roman Studies 59 (1/2): 59–75. doi:10.2307/299848.
McDaniel, Walton Brooks (1906). "Some Passages concerning Ball-Games". Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association 37: 121–134. doi:10.2307/282704.
Austin, R. G. (1934). "Roman Board Games. I". Greece and Rome 4 (10): 24–34. doi:10.1017/s0017383500002941. https://archive.org/details/sim_greece-rome_1934-10_4_10/page/24.
Austin, R. G. (2009). "Roman Board Games. II". Greece and Rome 4 (11): 76–82. doi:10.1017/S0017383500003119.
Toynbee, J. M. C. (December 1971). "Roman Art". The Classical Review 21 (3): 439–442. doi:10.1017/S0009840X00221331. https://archive.org/details/sim_classical-review_1971-12_21_3/page/439.
Fantham, R. Elaine (1989). "Mime: The Missing Link in Roman Literary History". The Classical World 82 (3): 153–163. doi:10.2307/4350348. ; Slater, William J. (2002). "Mime Problems: Cicero Ad fam. 7.1 and Martial 9.38". Phoenix 56 (3/4): 315–329. doi:10.2307/1192603. ; (Potter & Mattingly 1999, ப. 257) Potter, David Stone; Mattingly, D. J. (1999). Life, Death, and Entertainment in the Roman Empire. University of Michigan Press. பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண் 978-0-472-08568-2.
Franklin, James L. (1987). "Pantomimists at Pompeii: Actius Anicetus and His Troupe". The American Journal of Philology 108 (1): 95–107. doi:10.2307/294916. https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-philology_spring-1987_108_1/page/95. ; Starks, John H. Jr. (2008). "Pantomime Actresses in Latin Inscriptions". New Directions in Ancient Pantomime. Oxford University Press. pp. 95, 14ff.
Ginsberg‐Klar, Maria E. (2010). "The archaeology of musical instruments in Germany during the Roman period". World Archaeology 12 (3): 313–320. doi:10.1080/00438243.1981.9979806.
Kraus, T.J. (2000). "(Il)literacy in Non-Literary Papyri from Graeco-Roman Egypt: Further Aspects of the Educational Ideal in Ancient Literary Sources and Modern Times". Mnemosyne 53 (3): 322–342 (325–327). doi:10.1163/156852500510633.
Saller, R. P. (2012). "Promotion and Patronage in Equestrian Careers". Journal of Roman Studies 70: 44–63. doi:10.2307/299555.
Momigliano, Arnaldo (1986). "The Disadvantages of Monotheism for a Universal State". Classical Philology 81 (4): 285–297. doi:10.1086/367003. https://archive.org/details/sim_classical-philology_1986-10_81_4/page/285.
(Bowman, Garnsey & Cameron 2005, ப. 616); Frend, W.H.C. (2006). "Persecutions: Genesis and Legacy". Cambridge History of Christianity: Origins to Constantine. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press. p. 510. பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண் 0-521-81239-9.; Barnes, T. D. (2012). "Legislation against the Christians". Journal of Roman Studies 58 (1–2): 32–50. doi:10.2307/299693. ; Sainte-Croix, G.E.M de (1963). "Why Were the Early Christians Persecuted?". Past & Present 26: 6–38. doi:10.1093/past/26.1.6. ; Musurillo, Herbert (1972). The Acts of the Christian Martyrs. Clarendon Press. pp. lviii–lxii.; A.N. Sherwin-White (1952). "The Early Persecutions and Roman Law Again". The Journal of Theological Studies 3 (2): 199–213. doi:10.1093/jts/III.2.199. Bowman, Alan; Garnsey, Peter; Cameron, Averil, eds. (2005). The Cambridge Ancient History: Volume 12, The Crisis of Empire, AD 193–337. Cambridge University Press. பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண் 978-0-521-30199-2.
Eusebius of Caesarea (425). Church History.; Smallwood, E.M. (1956). "'Domitian's attitude towards the Jews and Judaism". Classical Philology 51: 1–13. doi:10.1086/363978. https://archive.org/details/sim_classical-philology_1956-01_51_1/page/n4.
Frend, W. H. C. (1959). "The Failure of the Persecutions in the Roman Empire". Past and Present 16 (16): 10–30. doi:10.1093/past/16.1.10.
Harnett, Benjamin (2017). "The Diffusion of the Codex". Classical Antiquity 36 (2): 200, 217. doi:10.1525/ca.2017.36.2.183.

getty.edu

"Antioch and the Bath of Apolausis – History of the excavations". J. Paul Getty Museum. 30 March 2016. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 16 June 2020.

gutenberg.org

Gibbon, Edward (1776). "Gothic Kingdom of Italy.—Part II." (ebook). In Widger, David (ed.). History Of The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire (in ஆங்கிலம்). Harper & Brothers – via Project Gutenberg. The patrician Orestes had married the daughter of Count Romulus, of Petovio in Noricum: the name of Augustus, notwithstanding the jealousy of power, was known at Aquileia as a familiar surname; and the appellations of the two great founders, of the city and of the monarchy, were thus strangely united in the last of their successors.", "The life of this inoffensive youth was spared by the generous clemency of Odoacer; who dismissed him, with his whole family, from the Imperial palace.
Gibbon, Edward (1776). "Gothic Kingdom of Italy.—Part II.". The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (in ஆங்கிலம்). Project Gutenberg. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 11 February 2020. The republic (they repeat that name without a blush) might safely confide in the civil and military virtues of Odoacer; and they humbly request, that the emperor would invest him with the title of Patrician, and the administration of the diocese of Italy. ...His vanity was gratified by the title of sole emperor, and by the statues erected to his honor in the several quarters of Rome; ...He entertained a friendly, though ambiguous, correspondence with the patrician Odoacer; and he gratefully accepted the Imperial ensigns.

handle.net

harvard.edu

Hong, S.; Candelone, J.-P.; Patterson, C. C.; Boutron, C. F. (1996). "History of Ancient Copper Smelting Pollution During Roman and Medieval Times Recorded in Greenland Ice". Science 272 (5259): 246. doi:10.1126/science.272.5259.246. Bibcode: 1996Sci...272..246H.
Hong, S; Candelone, J. P.; Patterson, C. C.; Boutron, C. F. (1994). "Greenland ice evidence of hemispheric lead pollution two millennia ago by greek and roman civilizations". Science 265 (5180): 1841–3. doi:10.1126/science.265.5180.1841. பப்மெட்:17797222. Bibcode: 1994Sci...265.1841H. http://www.precaution.org/lib/greenland_ice_evidence_of_ancient_lead_pollution.19940923.pdf.
Settle, D. M.; Patterson, C. C. (1980). "Lead in albacore: Guide to lead pollution in Americans". Science 207 (4436): 1167–76. doi:10.1126/science.6986654. பப்மெட்:6986654. Bibcode: 1980Sci...207.1167S.

hermitagemuseum.org

jstor.org

Constantelos, Demetrios J. (1964). "Paganism and the State in the Age of Justinian". The Catholic Historical Review 50 (3): 372–380. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25017472.
Sáry, Pál (2019). "Remarks on the Edict of Thessalonica of 380". In Vojtech Vladár (ed.). Perpauca Terrena Blande Honori dedicata pocta Petrovi Blahovi K Nedožitým 80. Narodeninám. Trnavská univerzity. p. 73. பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண் 978-80-568-0313-4.; Brewer, Catherine (2005). "The Status of the Jews in Roman Legislation: The Reign of Justinian 527-565 Ce". European Judaism: A Journal for the New Europe 38 (2): 127–139. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41443760.

mcgill.ca

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ox.ac.uk

Hanson, J. W. (2016). "Cities database". OXREP databases. 1.0.

peterturchin.com

precaution.org

princeton.edu

Scheidel, Walter (April 2006). "Population and demography" (PDF). Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics. p. 9.; Hanson, J. W.; Ortman, S. G. (2017). "A systematic method for estimating the populations of Greek and Roman settlements" (in en). Journal of Roman Archaeology 30: 301–324. doi:10.1017/S1047759400074134. பன்னாட்டுத் தர தொடர் எண்:1047-7594.
Walter Scheidel; Friesen, Steven J. (2010). "The Size of the Economy and the Distribution of Income in the Roman Empire". Journal of Roman Studies 99: 61–91. doi:10.3815/007543509789745223. https://www.princeton.edu/~pswpc/pdfs/scheidel/010901.pdf.

repec.org

thebritishacademy.ac.uk

Peter Brown (historian) (1993). "The Problem of Christianization". Proceedings of the British Academy (Oxford University Press) 84: 90. http://publications.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/pubs/proc/files/82p089.pdf. பார்த்த நாள்: 3 June 2022.

theottomans.org

Ozgen, Korkut. "Mehmet II". TheOttomans.org. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 3 April 2007.; Cartwright, Mark (23 January 2018). "1453: The Fall of Constantinople". World History Encyclopedia. World History Encyclopedia Limited. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 11 February 2020.

uchicago.edu

Dio Cassius, Roman History, translated by Cary, E. (Loeb Classical Library edition, 1927 ed.), p. 72.36.4
Bury, John Bagnall (1923). History of the Later Roman Empire. Dover Books. pp. 295–297.
Smith, William (1875). A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities. John Murray. pp. 105–106. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 11 February 2020.

ugent.be

ulg.ac.be

upenn.edu

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wikisource.org

Tacitus. Annals. p. XV.44 .

worldcat.org

Andrew Gillett (2001). "Rome, Ravenna and the Last Western Emperors". Papers of the British School at Rome 69: 131–167. doi:10.1017/S0068246200001781. பன்னாட்டுத் தர தொடர் எண்:0068-2462. https://www.academia.edu/18189525.
Peter Turchin; Adams, Jonathan M.; Hall, Thomas D. (2006). "East-West Orientation of Historical Empires". Journal of World-Systems Research 12 (2): 222. பன்னாட்டுத் தர தொடர் எண்:1076-156X. http://peterturchin.com/PDF/Turchin_Adams_Hall_2006.pdf. பார்த்த நாள்: 6 February 2016.
Scheidel, Walter (April 2006). "Population and demography" (PDF). Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics. p. 9.; Hanson, J. W.; Ortman, S. G. (2017). "A systematic method for estimating the populations of Greek and Roman settlements" (in en). Journal of Roman Archaeology 30: 301–324. doi:10.1017/S1047759400074134. பன்னாட்டுத் தர தொடர் எண்:1047-7594.

worldhistory.org

Ozgen, Korkut. "Mehmet II". TheOttomans.org. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 3 April 2007.; Cartwright, Mark (23 January 2018). "1453: The Fall of Constantinople". World History Encyclopedia. World History Encyclopedia Limited. பார்க்கப்பட்ட நாள் 11 February 2020.

உரோமைப் பேரரசு (Tamil Wikipedia)

academia.edu

archive.org

bbc.co.uk

britannica.com

ccel.org

doi.org

dx.doi.org

doi.org

getty.edu

gutenberg.org

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

harvard.edu

adsabs.harvard.edu

hup.harvard.edu

hermitagemuseum.org

jstor.org

mcgill.ca

arch.mcgill.ca

mesacc.edu

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ox.ac.uk

oxrep.classics.ox.ac.uk

peterturchin.com

precaution.org

princeton.edu

repec.org

econpapers.repec.org

thebritishacademy.ac.uk

publications.thebritishacademy.ac.uk

theottomans.org

uchicago.edu

penelope.uchicago.edu

ugent.be

biblio.ugent.be

ulg.ac.be

orbi.ulg.ac.be

upenn.edu

repository.upenn.edu

web.archive.org

wikisource.org

ta.wikisource.org

worldcat.org

worldhistory.org