சவூதி அரேபியா (Tamil Wikipedia)

Assegaf, Faisal (2022-10-27). "I am among a few Jews originated from Saudi Arabia still alive". albalad.co (in அமெரிக்க ஆங்கிலம்). Retrieved 2024-07-22.

aljazeera.com

"Saudi crown prince defends China's right to fight 'terrorism'". Al-Jazeera. 23 February 2019 இம் மூலத்தில் இருந்து 19 June 2019 அன்று. பரணிடப்பட்டது.. https://web.archive.org/web/20190619044243/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/02/saudi-crown-prince-defends-china-fight-terrorism-190223104647149.html.

aljazeera.net

english.aljazeera.net

"Saudi king announces new benefits". Al Jazeera. 23 February 2011 இம் மூலத்தில் இருந்து 6 August 2011 அன்று. பரணிடப்பட்டது.. https://web.archive.org/web/20110806003657/http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2011/02/2011223105328424268.html.

almodarresi.com

Mohammad Taqi al-Modarresi (26 March 2016). The Laws of Islam (PDF) (in ஆங்கிலம்). Enlight Press. p. 471. ISBN 978-0-9942409-8-9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 August 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2017.

alriyadh.com

جريدة الرياض. "جريدة الرياض : سكان المملكة 27 مليوناً بينهم 8 ملايين مقيم". Alriyadh.com.

alwatan.com.sa

الحيدري, فيصل (20 June 2012). "20 ألف سعودي يتحدثون "المهرية"" (in Arabic). Watanksa. https://www.alwatan.com.sa/article/142226.

ameinfo.com

"Saudi-Canada trade row: What business is at stake?". AMEinfo.com. 6 August 2018. Archived from the original on 17 May 2019. Retrieved 7 August 2018.

amnesty.org

"SAUDI ARABIA 2016/2017". Archived from the original on 15 August 2017. Retrieved 4 November 2017.
"Saudi Arabia: An upsurge in public executions". Amnesty International. 30 June 1993. Archived from the original on 2018-11-22. Retrieved 2018-11-21.
"Saudi Arabia: "It's like we are not human": Forced returns, abhorrent detention conditions of Ethiopian migrants in Saudi Arabia". பன்னாட்டு மன்னிப்பு அவை (in ஆங்கிலம்). December 16, 2022. p. 6. Archived from the original on 14 March 2024. Retrieved 2024-03-14. Under Saudi Arabia's repressive sponsorship (kafala) system, migrant workers are only able to obtain a work permit or residency through an employer, and they are only able to terminate their contracts or change employers under certain conditions without the consent of their employer. Those who lose their residency status, either because they leave their jobs without the consent of the employer or overstay their work permits, and those who are unable to find employment in the formal sector are at risk of arbitrary detention, deportation to their home country by the authorities, as well as abuses such as forced labour and physical and sexual assault.

apnews.com

"Saudi Arabia puts 81 to death in its largest mass execution". AP NEWS (in ஆங்கிலம்). 2022-03-12. Archived from the original on 24 October 2022. Retrieved 2022-10-24. Well about the death penalty, we got rid of all of it, except for one category, and this one is written in the Quran

arab.net

"Saudi Arabia: Administrative divisions". arab.net. Archived from the original on 9 November 2019. Retrieved 13 May 2008.

arab.news

"Saudi visa on arrival for tourists with UK, US, EU visas". Arab News (in ஆங்கிலம்). 2020-01-04. Retrieved 2021-06-21.
"Saudi women's sport grows by leaps and bounds". Arab News (in ஆங்கிலம்). 2021-03-08. Retrieved 2022-10-30.

arabianbusiness.com

"Saudi king gives billion-dollar cash boost to housing, jobs – Politics & Economics". Arabian Business (Bloomberg via ArabianBusiness.com). 23 February 2011 இம் மூலத்தில் இருந்து 2 July 2017 அன்று. பரணிடப்பட்டது.. https://web.archive.org/web/20170702061357/http://www.arabianbusiness.com/saudi-king-gives-billion-dollar-cash-boost-housing-jobs--382623.html.
Tourism key to Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 plans, arabianbusiness.com
"Saudi women push for right to play sports – Sport". Arabian Business (ArabianBusiness.com). 1 March 2012. http://www.arabianbusiness.com/saudi-women-push-for-right-play-sports-447831.html.

arabnews.com

"Ancient site in Nefud Desert offers glimpse of early human activity in Saudi Arabia". Arab News (in ஆங்கிலம்). Archived from the original on 13 May 2021. Retrieved 2021-05-17.
Abdel Aziz Aluwaisheg (29 September 2014). "When privatization goes wrong". Arab News. http://www.arabnews.com/news/464657.
"How Saudi Arabia revived the ancient Silk Road". Arab News. 3 September 2016.
"Desalination in Saudi Arabia: An attractive investment opportunity". Arab News. 25 November 2018.
"Saudi Arabia most improved economy for business". Arab News. 28 May 2019. Retrieved 28 May 2019.
"Saudi Arabia's 937 Service Center received 80,007 calls last week". Arab News. 15 October 2018.
"It's time to tip the scale against Saudi Arabia's obesity problem". Arab News. 1 August 2018.
Shalhoub, Lulwa (12 June 2017). "New tax doubles the price of cigarettes, energy drinks in Saudi Arabia". Arab News.
"Fitness First confirms launch of ladies-only gyms in KSA". Arab News. 4 March 2017.
"Saudi Arabia receives global anti-smoking award". Arab News. 24 May 2019.
"KSA population is 30.8m; 33% expats". ArabNews.com. 31 January 2015. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
"Number of Pakistani expats exceeds 1.5 m". Arabnews.com. 29 August 2012.
P.K. Abdul Ghafour (21 October 2011). "3 million expats to be sent out gradually". Archived from the original on 8 November 2011. Retrieved 7 December 2016. Nearly three million expatriate workers will have to leave the Kingdom in the next few years as the Labour Ministry has put a 20% ceiling on the country's guest workers
2004 law passed by Saudi Arabia's Council of Ministers. "Expatriates Can Apply for Saudi Citizenship in Two-to-Three Months". Arabnews.com. 14 February 2005.
Jambi, Rahaf (October 3, 2023). "Maintaining family traditions and ties plays an important role in Riyadh social life". Arab News (ரியாத்). https://www.arabnews.com/node/2382811/saudi-arabia.
"Mohammed Abdu to perform live in Riyadh". Arab News. 2 September 2016. http://www.arabnews.com/node/978866/saudi-arabia.
"How Arab News, Saudi Arabia's first English-language newspaper, was born". Arab News (in ஆங்கிலம்). Retrieved 2022-06-08.
Al, Joud. "Saudi women show greater interest in sports and games". Arab News இம் மூலத்தில் இருந்து 20 January 2012 அன்று. பரணிடப்பட்டது.. https://web.archive.org/web/20120120102128/http://arabnews.com/saudiarabia/article463435.ece.

aramcoworld.com

archive.aramcoworld.com

"VOLCANIC ARABIA: It started with tremors". archive.aramcoworld.com. Archived from the original on 11 February 2021. Retrieved 2021-01-09.

archive.org

Learsy, Raymond (2011). Oil and Finance: The Epic Corruption. p. 89.
Lewis, Bernard (2003). The Crisis of Islam. Modern Library. pp. xx. ISBN 978-0-679-64281-7.
Wynbrandt, James; Gerges, Fawaz A. (2010). A Brief History of Saudi Arabia. Infobase. p. xvii. ISBN 978-0-8160-7876-9.
Gordon, Matthew (2005). The Rise of Islam. Greenwood Publishing. p. 4. ISBN 978-0-313-32522-9.
Lindsay, James E. (2005). Daily Life in the Medieval Islamic World. Greenwood Press. p. 33. ISBN 978-0-313-32270-9.
William Gordon East (1971). The changing map of Asia. Methuen. pp. 75–76. ISBN 978-0-416-16850-1.
Commins, David (2012). The Gulf States: A Modern History. I.B. Tauris. p. 28. ISBN 978-1-84885-278-5.
Harris, Ian; Mews, Stuart; Morris, Paul; Shepherd, John (1992). Contemporary Religions: A World Guide. Longman. p. 369. ISBN 978-0-582-08695-1.
Faksh, Mahmud A. (1997). The Future of Islam in the Middle East. Greenwood Publishing. pp. 89–90. ISBN 978-0-275-95128-3.
Murphy, David (2008). The Arab Revolt 1916–18: Lawrence Sets Arabia Ablaze. Bloomsbury USA. pp. 5–8. ISBN 978-1-84603-339-1.
Anderson, Ewan W.; William Bayne Fisher (2000). The Middle East: Geography and Geopolitics. Routledge. p. 106. ISBN 978-0-415-07667-8.
R. Hrair Dekmejian (1994). Islam in Revolution: Fundamentalism in the Arab World. Syracuse University Press. p. 131. ISBN 978-0-8156-2635-0.
Wynbrandt, James; Gerges, Fawaz A. (2010). A Brief History of Saudi Arabia. Infobase. p. 182. ISBN 978-0-8160-7876-9.
Mohamad Riad El-Ghonemy (1998). Afluence and Poverty in the Middle East. Routledge. p. 56. ISBN 978-0-415-10033-5.
Al-Rasheed, pp. 136–137 Al-Rasheed, Madawi (2010). A History of Saudi Arabia. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-74754-7.
Joy Winkie Viola (1986). Human Resources Development in Saudi Arabia: Multinationals and Saudization. International Human Resources Development Corporation. p. 37. ISBN 978-0-88746-070-8.
Hegghammer, p. 24 Hegghammer, Thomas (2010). Jihad in Saudi Arabia: Violence and Pan-Islamism Since 1979. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-73236-9.
Cordesman, Anthony H. (2003). Saudi Arabia Enters the 21st Century. p. 174. ISBN 978-0-275-98091-7.
El-Gamal, Mahmoud A. & Amy Myers Jaffe (2010). Oil, Dollars, Debt, and Crises: The Global Curse of Black Gold. Cambridge University Press. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-521-72070-0.
Hegghammer, p. 31 Hegghammer, Thomas (2010). Jihad in Saudi Arabia: Violence and Pan-Islamism Since 1979. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-73236-9.
Al-Rasheed, p. 212 Al-Rasheed, Madawi (2010). A History of Saudi Arabia. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-74754-7.
Stokes, Jamie (2009). Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East, Volume 1. Facts On File. p. 605. ISBN 978-0-8160-7158-6.
World and Its Peoples: the Arabian Peninsula. Marshall Cavendish. 2007. p. 78. ISBN 978-0-7614-7571-2.
Robbers, Gerhard (2007). Encyclopedia of world constitutions, Volume 1. p. 791. ISBN 978-0-8160-6078-8.
Long, p. 85 Long, David E. (2005). Culture and Customs of Saudi Arabia. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 978-0-313-32021-7.
World and Its Peoples: the Arabian Peninsula. Marshall Cavendish. 2007. pp. 92–93. ISBN 978-0-7614-7571-2.
Al-Rasheed, pp. 180, 242–243, 248, 257–258 Al-Rasheed, Madawi (2010). A History of Saudi Arabia. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-74754-7.
Holden, William (1982). Saudi Arabia and its royal family. Secaucus, N.J. : L. Stuart. pp. 154–156. ISBN 978-0-8184-0326-2.
Jennifer Bond Reed; Lange, Brenda (2006). Saudi Royal Family. Chelsea House. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-7910-9218-7.
Cordesman, Anthony H. (2003). Saudi Arabia Enters the 21st Century. pp. 47, 142. ISBN 978-0-275-98091-7.
Burbach, Roger; Clarke, Ben (2002). September 11 and the U.S. war: beyond the curtain of smoke. City Lights Publishers. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-87286-404-7.
Ottaway, David (2008). The King's Messenger. Prince Bandar Bin Sultan and America's Tangled Relationship with Saudi Arabia. Walker & Company. p. 162. ISBN 978-0-8027-1690-3.
Goldstein, Natalie (2010). Religion and the State. Facts On File. p. 118. ISBN 978-0-8160-8090-8.
Farsy, Fouad (1992). Modernity and tradition: the Saudi equation. Knight Communications. p. 29. ISBN 978-1-874132-03-5.
Ron Eduard Hassner (2009). War on sacred grounds. Cornell University Press. p. 143. ISBN 978-0-8014-4806-5.
Wilson, Peter W.; Graham, Douglas (1994). Saudi Arabia: the coming storm. M.E. Sharpe. p. 16. ISBN 978-1-56324-394-3.
Long, p. 11 Long, David E. (2005). Culture and Customs of Saudi Arabia. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 978-0-313-32021-7.
Mattar, Philip (2004). Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East & North Africa: Vol. 1 A–C. Macmillan Reference USA. p. 101. ISBN 978-0-02-865770-7.
Otto, pp. 161–162 Otto, Jan Michiel (2010). Sharia Incorporated: A Comparative Overview of the Legal Systems of Twelve Muslim Countries in Past and Present. ISBN 978-90-8728-057-4.
Otto, p. 157 Otto, Jan Michiel (2010). Sharia Incorporated: A Comparative Overview of the Legal Systems of Twelve Muslim Countries in Past and Present. ISBN 978-90-8728-057-4.
Esposito, John L. (1998). Islam and politics. Syracuse University Press. pp. 110–112. ISBN 978-0-8156-2774-6.
Campbell, Christian (2007). Legal Aspects of Doing Business in the Middle East. Lulu Enterprises Incorporated. pp. 268–269. ISBN 978-1-4303-1914-6.
Ménoret, Pascal (2005). The Saudi enigma: a history. Zed Books. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-84277-605-6.
Watson, Mark (2008). Prophets and princes: Saudi Arabia from Muhammad to the present. John Wiley & Sons. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-470-18257-4.
Venter, Al J. (2007). Allah's Bomb: The Islamic Quest for Nuclear Weapons. Globe Pequot. pp. 150–153. ISBN 978-1-59921-205-0.
Alisa, Shishkina; Issaev, Leonid (14 November 2018). "Internet Censorship in Arab Countries: Religious and Moral Aspects". Religions 9 (11): 358. doi:10.3390/rel9110358. https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/9/11/358/pdf. பார்த்த நாள்: 31 March 2019. Alt URL
Tripp, Culture Shock, 2009: p. 206 Tripp, Harvey; North, Peter (2009). CultureShock! A Survival Guide to Customs and Etiquette. Saudi Arabia (3rd ed.). Marshall Cavendish.
Simmons, Matthew (2005) [10 June 2005]. Twilight in the Desert: The Coming Saudi Oil Shock and the World Economy. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-73876-3.
House, p. 161: "Over the past decade, the government has announced one plan after another to 'Saudize' the economy, but to no avail. The foreign workforce grows, and so does unemployment among Saudis. .... The previous plan called for slashing unemployment to 2.8% only to see it rise to 10.5% in 2009, the end of that plan period. Government plans in Saudi are like those in the old Soviet Union, grandiose but unmet. (Also, as in the old Soviet Union, nearly all Saudi official statistics are unreliable, so economists believe the real Saudi unemployment rate is closer to 40%)" House, Karen Elliott (2012). On Saudi Arabia: Its People, Past, Religion, Fault Lines—and Future. Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-307-27216-4.
Long, p. 27 Long, David E. (2005). Culture and Customs of Saudi Arabia. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 978-0-313-32021-7.
One journalist states that 51% of the Saudi population is under the age of 25: Caryle Murphy (7 February 2012). "Saudi Arabia's Youth and the Kingdom's Future". Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars' Environmental Change and Security Program. Two other sources state that 60% is under the age of 21: "Out of the comfort zone". The Economist. 3 March 2012. https://www.economist.com/node/21548973. , House, p. 221 House, Karen Elliott (2012). On Saudi Arabia: Its People, Past, Religion, Fault Lines—and Future. Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-307-27216-4.
House, p. 69: "Most Saudis only two generations ago eked out a subsistence living in rural provinces, but ... urbanization over the past 40 years [so now] .... fully 80% of Saudis now live in one of the country's three major urban centers – Riyadh, Jeddah, and Dammam." House, Karen Elliott (2012). On Saudi Arabia: Its People, Past, Religion, Fault Lines—and Future. Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-307-27216-4.
Cookson, Catharine (2003). Encyclopedia of religious freedom. Taylor & Francis. p. 207. ISBN 978-0-415-94181-5.
David E. Long (1 January 2005). Culture and Customs of Saudi Arabia. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-313-32021-7.

archives-ouvertes.fr

halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr

Thiollet, Hélène (2021-08-02). "Migrants and monarchs: regime survival, state transformation and migration politics in Saudi Arabia" (in en). Third World Quarterly 43 (7): 1645–1665. doi:10.1080/01436597.2021.1948325. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03329591.

arriyadh.com

"About ArRiyadh". High Commission for the Development of Ar-Riyadh. Archived from the original on 6 December 2018. Retrieved 14 June 2017.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

"Saudi executioner tells all". BBC News. 5 June 2003 இம் மூலத்தில் இருந்து 1 April 2009 அன்று. பரணிடப்பட்டது.. https://web.archive.org/web/20090401233508/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/2966790.stm.
al-Qudaihi, Anees (24 March 2009). "Saudi Arabia's Shia press for rights". bbc. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7959531.stm. "Although they only represent 15% of the overall Saudi population of more than 25 million ..."

bbc.co.uk

"Religion & Ethics – Islam and slavery: Abolition". BBC.

bbc.com

Sylvia, Smith (26 February 2013). "Desert finds challenge horse taming ideas". BCC இம் மூலத்தில் இருந்து 14 August 2021 அன்று. பரணிடப்பட்டது.. https://web.archive.org/web/20210814053949/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-21538969.
"Saudi Arabia profile - Timeline". bbc.com. BBC News. 4 October 2019. Archived from the original on 29 September 2023. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
"How strained are US-Saudi relations?". BBC News. 20 April 2016 இம் மூலத்தில் இருந்து 17 April 2019 அன்று. பரணிடப்பட்டது.. https://web.archive.org/web/20190417112848/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-36083990.
"Saudi Arabia to abolish flogging – supreme court". BBC News. 24 April 2020 இம் மூலத்தில் இருந்து 24 April 2020 அன்று. பரணிடப்பட்டது.. https://web.archive.org/web/20200424214438/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-52420307.
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bicc.de

"Global Militarisation Index 2019". BICC: 8 and 14. 2019. https://www.bicc.de/uploads/tx_bicctools/BICC_GMI_2019_EN.pdf. பார்த்த நாள்: 28 July 2020.

bloomberg.com

Abu, Donna (18 March 2011). "Saudi King to Spend $67 Billion on Housing, Jobs in Bid to Pacify Citizens". Bloomberg இம் மூலத்தில் இருந்து 26 January 2015 அன்று. பரணிடப்பட்டது.. https://web.archive.org/web/20150126050910/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-03-18/saudi-arabian-king-abdullah-boosts-spending-as-protests-sweep-arab-world.html.
Abu-Nasr, Donna (28 March 2011). "Saudi Women Inspired by Fall of Mubarak Step Up Equality Demand". Bloomberg இம் மூலத்தில் இருந்து 2 April 2011 அன்று. பரணிடப்பட்டது.. https://web.archive.org/web/20110402043759/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-03-28/saudi-women-inspired-by-revolt-against-mubarak-go-online-to-seek-equality.html.
By Nayla Razzouk and Claudia Carpenter (19 December 2017). "Saudi Arabia Sees Higher Oil Revenue as OPEC Cuts Boost Prices". Bloomberg.com. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-12-19/saudi-arabia-sees-higher-oil-revenue-as-opec-cuts-boost-prices.
"Saudi Prince's Year of Prestige Is Unraveling in Front of Him". Bloomberg.com. 29 April 2020. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-04-29/saudi-prince-mbs-s-vision-2030-confronts-coronavirus-oil-shock.
"Saudi Arabia Looks at 'Painful' Measures, Deep Spending Cuts". Bloomberg.com. 2 May 2020. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-05-02/saudi-arabia-looking-at-painful-measures-deep-spending-cuts.
"Saudi Arabia Charges Foreigners $213,000 for Permanent Residency". Bloomberg. 23 June 2019. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-06-23/saudi-arabia-charges-foreigners-213-000-for-permanent-residency.

boe.gov.sa

laws.boe.gov.sa

"تفاصيل النظام". laws.boe.gov.sa. Retrieved 2021-06-06.

books.google.com

Hefner, Robert W. (2009). Remaking Muslim Politics: Pluralism, Contestation, Democratization. Princeton University Press. p. 202. ISBN 978-1-4008-2639-1.
Abbas, Tahir (March 2011). "Preface and Introduction". Islamic Radicalism and Multicultural Politics: The British Experience. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781136959592. Archived from the original on 28 March 2023. Retrieved 21 January 2024. The unprecedented initial expansion of Islam led to half of the known world being conquered with huge swathes of territory…
Reichl, Karl, ed. (2012). Medieval Oral Literature. De Gruyter. p. 633. ISBN 9783110241129. Archived from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 21 January 2024. With the unprecedented victorious spread of Islam within only a few years over a huge territory…
Barber, Malcolm (August 2, 2012). "Chapter 2: Syria and Palestine". The Crusader States. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300189315. After his [Muhammad's] death in 632, his successors, driven by what had become a dynamic new religion, committed themselves to an unprecedented territorial expansion.
Wynbrandt, James (2004). A Brief History of Saudi Arabia. Infobase Publishing. p. 242. ISBN 978-1-4381-0830-8. Archived from the original on 11 February 2023. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Wilson, Peter W.; Graham, Douglas (1994). Saudi Arabia: the coming storm. M.E. Sharpe. p. 46. ISBN 978-1-56324-394-3. Archived from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
Kamrava, Mehran (2011). The Modern Middle East: A Political History Since the First World War. University of California Press. p. 67. ISBN 978-0-520-26774-9. Archived from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
Mirazon Lahr, M. (2010), "Saharan Corridors and their role in the Evolutionary Geography of 'Out of Africa I'", in Fleagle, J.G.; et al. (eds.), Out of Africa I: The First Hominim Colonization of Eurasia, Springer, pp. 27–46, ISBN 978-90-481-9035-5, archived from the original on 28 March 2024, retrieved 28 March 2024
The World around the Old Testament: The People and Places of the Ancient Near East பரணிடப்பட்டது 28 மார்ச் 2024 at the வந்தவழி இயந்திரம். Baker Publishing Group; 2016. பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண் 978-1-4934-0574-9 p. 462.
Michael D. Coogan. The Oxford History of the Biblical World பரணிடப்பட்டது 28 மார்ச் 2024 at the வந்தவழி இயந்திரம். Oxford University Press; 2001. பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண் 978-0-19-988148-2. p. 110.
Discovering Lehi பரணிடப்பட்டது 28 மார்ச் 2024 at the வந்தவழி இயந்திரம். Cedar Fort; 1996. பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண் 978-1-4621-2638-5. p. 153.
Juan Ricardo Cole (2002). Sacred space and holy war: the politics, culture and history of Shi'ite Islam. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 35. ISBN 978-1-86064-736-9. Archived from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 27 September 2017.
Yitzhak Nakash (2011)Reaching for Power: The Shi'a in the Modern Arab World p. 22
Bernstein, William J. (2008) A Splendid Exchange: How Trade Shaped the World. Grove Press. pp. 191 ff பரணிடப்பட்டது 7 ஆகத்து 2023 at the வந்தவழி இயந்திரம்
Vincent, Peter (2008). Saudi Arabia: an environmental overview. Taylor & Francis. p. 141. ISBN 978-0-415-41387-9. Archived from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 27 December 2021.
Campbell, Christian (2007). Legal Aspects of Doing Business in the Middle East. Lulu Enterprises Incorporated. p. 265. ISBN 978-1-4303-1914-6. Archived from the original on 17 January 2023. Retrieved 22 August 2020.
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