Tortora, Gerard (2014). Principles of Anatomy & Physiology. USA: Wiley. p. 913. ISBN978-1-118-34500-9. ..its length is about 3m in a living person and about 6.5m in a cadaver due to loss of smooth muscle tone after death.
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Drake, Richard L.; Vogl, Wayne; Tibbitts, Adam W.M. Mitchell; illustrations by Richard; Richardson, Paul (2005). Gray's anatomy for students. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone. p. 271. ISBN978-0-8089-2306-0.
Drake, Richard L.; Vogl, Wayne; Tibbitts, Adam W.M. Mitchell; illustrations by Richard; Richardson, Paul (2005). Gray's anatomy for students. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone. pp. 295–299. ISBN978-0-8089-2306-0.
Schoenwolf, Gary C.; Bleyl, Steven B.; Brauer, Philip R.; Francis-West, Philippa H. (2009). "Development of the Urogenital system". Larsen's human embryology (4th ed.). Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. p. 237. ISBN9780443068119.