பேரரசர் அலெக்சாந்தர் (Tamil Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "பேரரசர் அலெக்சாந்தர்" in Tamil language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank Tamil rank

127web.archive.org

1^st place

70books.google.com

3^rd place

6^th place

51archive.org

6^th place

8^th place

36tufts.edu

155^th place

200^th place

11doi.org

2^nd place

4^th place

9websfor.org

low place

4,836^th place

7livius.org

2,000^th place

1,782^nd place

7nih.gov

4^th place

5^th place

6worldcat.org

5^th place

20^th place

4uchicago.edu

230^th place

85^th place

3topostext.org

2,380^th place

low place

2britannica.com

40^th place

21^st place

2uky.edu

3,273^rd place

7,601^st place

2greece.org

low place

2attalus.org

5,033^rd place

3,482^nd place

2merriam-webster.com

209^th place

69^th place

2britishmuseum.org

1,505^th place

299^th place

1oxfordre.com

4,783^rd place

1,457^th place

1history.com

555^th place

364^th place

1sikyon.com

low place

1gutenberg.org

489^th place

758^th place

1khalilicollections.org

low place

1amazon.com

105^th place

329^th place

1royalsociety.org.nz

low place

1forensic-psych.com

low place

1huffingtonpost.com

109^th place

1,236^th place

1ghostarchive.org

32^nd place

854^th place

1telegraph.co.uk

30^th place

198^th place

1livescience.com

1,190^th place

412^th place

1cassucsd.edu

low place

1bbc.co.uk

8^th place

17^th place

1usnews.com

634^th place

1,461^st place

1greekreporter.com

3,698^th place

low place

1cngcoins.com

low place

5,129^th place

1oneonta.edu

low place

1abebooks.com

6,474^th place

low place

1henry-davis.com

low place

1ucr.edu

1,553^rd place

1,243^rd place

1perseids.org

low place

1jhu.edu

699^th place

1,750^th place

1umich.edu

459^th place

249^th place

1neosalexandria.org

low place

1loc.gov

70^th place

248^th place

1jstor.org

26^th place

86^th place

1lexundria.com

low place

1academia.edu

121^st place

221^st place

1etymonline.com

287^th place

105^th place

abebooks.com

pictures.abebooks.com

Brinkmann, Vinzenz; Wunsche, Raimund (2007). Gods in Color: Painted Sculpture of Classical Antiquity. Arthur M. Sackler / Harvard University Art Museum. p. 159. Archived from the original on 31 July 2022. Retrieved 12 April 2022.

academia.edu

Donde, Dipanwita (2014). "The Mughal Sikander: Influence of the Romance of Alexander on Mughal Manuscript Painting". International Conference of Greek Studies: An Asian Perspective. https://www.academia.edu/6097802. பார்த்த நாள்: 19 April 2019.

amazon.com

Lane Fox 2006, chapter 32. ——— (2006). Alexander the Great. ePenguin. ASIN B002RI9DYW.

archive.org

Burger, Michael (2008). The Shaping of Western Civilization: From Antiquity to the Enlightenment. University of Toronto Press. p. 76. ISBN 978-1-55111-432-3.
David George Hogarth (1897). Philip and Alexander of Macedon : two essays in biography. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 286–287. Retrieved 2021-11-09.
McCarty 2004, ப. 10, Renault 2001, ப. 28, Durant 1966, ப. 538 McCarty, Nick (2004). Alexander the Great. Camberwell, Victoria: Penguin. ISBN 978-0-670-04268-5. Renault, Mary (2001). The Nature of Alexander the Great. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-139076-5. Durant, Will (1966). The Story of Civilization: The Life of Greece. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-41800-7.
Renault 2001, ப. 28, Bose 2003, ப. 21 Renault, Mary (2001). The Nature of Alexander the Great. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-139076-5. Bose, Partha (2003). Alexander the Great's Art of Strategy. Crows Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 978-1-74114-113-9.
Renault 2001, ப. 33–34. Renault, Mary (2001). The Nature of Alexander the Great. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-139076-5.
Durant 1966, ப. 538, Lane Fox 1980, ப. 64, Renault 2001, ப. 39 Durant, Will (1966). The Story of Civilization: The Life of Greece. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-41800-7. Lane Fox, Robin (1980). The Search for Alexander. Boston: Little Brown & Co. ISBN 978-0-316-29108-8. Renault, Mary (2001). The Nature of Alexander the Great. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-139076-5.
Lane Fox 1980, ப. 65–66, Renault 2001, ப. 44, McCarty 2004, ப. 15 Lane Fox, Robin (1980). The Search for Alexander. Boston: Little Brown & Co. ISBN 978-0-316-29108-8. Renault, Mary (2001). The Nature of Alexander the Great. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-139076-5. McCarty, Nick (2004). Alexander the Great. Camberwell, Victoria: Penguin. ISBN 978-0-670-04268-5.
Lane Fox 1980, ப. 65–66, Renault 2001, ப. 45–47, McCarty 2004, ப. 16 Lane Fox, Robin (1980). The Search for Alexander. Boston: Little Brown & Co. ISBN 978-0-316-29108-8. Renault, Mary (2001). The Nature of Alexander the Great. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-139076-5. McCarty, Nick (2004). Alexander the Great. Camberwell, Victoria: Penguin. ISBN 978-0-670-04268-5.
Lane Fox, Robin (1986). Alexander the Great (in ஆங்கிலம்). Penguin Group. p. 48. ISBN 0-14-008878-4.
Cawthorne 2004, ப. 42–43. Cawthorne, Nigel (2004). Alexander the Great. Haus. ISBN 978-1-904341-56-7.
Lane Fox 1980, ப. 68, Renault 2001, ப. 47, Bose 2003, ப. 43 Lane Fox, Robin (1980). The Search for Alexander. Boston: Little Brown & Co. ISBN 978-0-316-29108-8. Renault, Mary (2001). The Nature of Alexander the Great. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-139076-5. Bose, Partha (2003). Alexander the Great's Art of Strategy. Crows Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 978-1-74114-113-9.
Renault 2001, ப. 47–49. Renault, Mary (2001). The Nature of Alexander the Great. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-139076-5.
Renault 2001, ப. 50–51, Bose 2003, ப. 44–45, McCarty 2004, ப. 23 Renault, Mary (2001). The Nature of Alexander the Great. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-139076-5. Bose, Partha (2003). Alexander the Great's Art of Strategy. Crows Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 978-1-74114-113-9. McCarty, Nick (2004). Alexander the Great. Camberwell, Victoria: Penguin. ISBN 978-0-670-04268-5.
Renault 2001, ப. 51, Bose 2003, ப. 47, McCarty 2004, ப. 24 Renault, Mary (2001). The Nature of Alexander the Great. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-139076-5. Bose, Partha (2003). Alexander the Great's Art of Strategy. Crows Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 978-1-74114-113-9. McCarty, Nick (2004). Alexander the Great. Camberwell, Victoria: Penguin. ISBN 978-0-670-04268-5.
Renault 2001, ப. 54. Renault, Mary (2001). The Nature of Alexander the Great. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-139076-5.
Bose 2003, ப. 75, Renault 2001, ப. 56 Bose, Partha (2003). Alexander the Great's Art of Strategy. Crows Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 978-1-74114-113-9. Renault, Mary (2001). The Nature of Alexander the Great. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-139076-5.
McCarty 2004, ப. 27, Renault 2001, ப. 59, Lane Fox 1980, ப. 71 McCarty, Nick (2004). Alexander the Great. Camberwell, Victoria: Penguin. ISBN 978-0-670-04268-5. Renault, Mary (2001). The Nature of Alexander the Great. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-139076-5. Lane Fox, Robin (1980). The Search for Alexander. Boston: Little Brown & Co. ISBN 978-0-316-29108-8.
Renault 2001, ப. 61–62 Renault, Mary (2001). The Nature of Alexander the Great. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-139076-5.
Lane Fox 1980, ப. 72 Lane Fox, Robin (1980). The Search for Alexander. Boston: Little Brown & Co. ISBN 978-0-316-29108-8.
Renault 2001, ப. 70–71 Renault, Mary (2001). The Nature of Alexander the Great. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-139076-5.
McCarty 2004, ப. 31, Renault 2001, ப. 72, Lane Fox 1980, ப. 104, Bose 2003, ப. 95 McCarty, Nick (2004). Alexander the Great. Camberwell, Victoria: Penguin. ISBN 978-0-670-04268-5. Renault, Mary (2001). The Nature of Alexander the Great. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-139076-5. Lane Fox, Robin (1980). The Search for Alexander. Boston: Little Brown & Co. ISBN 978-0-316-29108-8. Bose, Partha (2003). Alexander the Great's Art of Strategy. Crows Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 978-1-74114-113-9.
Stoneman 2004, ப. 21. Stoneman, Richard (2004). Alexander the Great. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-31932-4.
Dillon 2004, ப. 187–88. Dillon, John M. (2004). Morality and custom in ancient Greece. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-34526-4.
Renault 2001, ப. 72, Bose 2003, ப. 96 Renault, Mary (2001). The Nature of Alexander the Great. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-139076-5. Bose, Partha (2003). Alexander the Great's Art of Strategy. Crows Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 978-1-74114-113-9.
Arrian 1976, I, 3–4, Renault 2001, ப. 73–74 Arrian (1976). de Sélincourt, Aubrey (ed.). Anabasis Alexandri (The Campaigns of Alexander). Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-044253-3. Renault, Mary (2001). The Nature of Alexander the Great. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-139076-5.
Arrian 1976, I, 5–6, Renault 2001, ப. 77 Arrian (1976). de Sélincourt, Aubrey (ed.). Anabasis Alexandri (The Campaigns of Alexander). Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-044253-3. Renault, Mary (2001). The Nature of Alexander the Great. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-139076-5.
Gunther 2007, ப. 84 Gunther, John (2007). Alexander the Great. Sterling. ISBN 978-1-4027-4519-5.
Bosworth 1988, ப. 71–74. Bosworth, A. B. (1988). Conquest and Empire: The Reign of Alexander the Great. New York: Cambridge University Press.
O'Brien, John Maxwell (1994). Alexander the Great: The Invisible Enemy: A Biography. Psychology Press. p. 104. ISBN 978-0-415-10617-7.
Gergel 2004, ப. 81. Gergel, Tania, ed. (2004). The Brief Life and Towering Exploits of History's Greatest Conqueror as Told By His Original Biographers. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-200140-0.
Gergel 2004, ப. 99. Gergel, Tania, ed. (2004). The Brief Life and Towering Exploits of History's Greatest Conqueror as Told By His Original Biographers. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-200140-0.
"The Anabasis of Alexander; or, The history of the wars and conquests of Alexander the Great. Literally translated, with a commentary, from the Greek of Arrian, the Nicomedian". London, Hodder and Stoughton. 18 January 1884 – via Internet Archive.
Gergel 2004, ப. 120. Gergel, Tania, ed. (2004). The Brief Life and Towering Exploits of History's Greatest Conqueror as Told By His Original Biographers. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-200140-0.
Cawthorne 2004, ப. 138. Cawthorne, Nigel (2004). Alexander the Great. Haus. ISBN 978-1-904341-56-7.
Bieber, M (1965). "The Portraits of Alexander". Greece & Rome. Second Series 12 (2): 183–88. doi:10.1017/s0017383500015345. https://archive.org/details/sim_greece-rome_1965-10_12_2/page/183.
Tarn, William Woodthorpe (1948). Alexander the Great. Cambridge [England]: University Press. p. 378. ISBN 0-521-22584-1. கணினி நூலகம் 606613.
Tarn, William Woodthorpe (1948). Alexander the Great. Cambridge [England]: University Press. pp. 361–362. ISBN 0-521-22584-1. கணினி நூலகம் 606613.
Bosworth 1988, ப. 19–20. Bosworth, A. B. (1988). Conquest and Empire: The Reign of Alexander the Great. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Woodhouse, Sidney Chawner (1910). English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. pp. 52, 84, 101.
Grafton, Anthony; Most, Glenn W; Settis, Salvatore (2010). The Classical Tradition. Harvard University Press. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-674-03572-0.
Renault 2001, ப. 100. Renault, Mary (2001). The Nature of Alexander the Great. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-139076-5.
Glick, Livesey & Wallis 2005, ப. 463 Glick, Thomas F.; Livesey, Steven John; Wallis, Faith, eds. (2005). Medieval Science, Technology, and Medicine: An Encyclopedia. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-96930-7.
Goldsworthy, Adrian (2009). How Rome Fell: death of a superpower. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 74. ISBN 978-0-300-16426-8.
Errington 1990, ப. 249. Errington, Robert Malcolm (1990). A History of Macedonia. Translated by Catherine Errington. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-06319-8.
Stoneman 1996, passim Stoneman, Richard (1996). "The Metamorphoses of Alexander Romance". In Schmeling, Gareth L (ed.). The Novel in the Ancient World. Brill. pp. 601–12. ISBN 978-90-04-09630-1.
Hornblower 2008, ப. 55–58; Errington 1990, ப. 3–4; Fine 1983, ப. 607–08; Hammond & Walbank 2001, ப. 11; Jones 2001, ப. 21; Osborne 2004, p. 127; Hammond 1989, ப. 12–13; Hammond 1993, ப. 97; Starr 1991, ப. 260, 367; Toynbee 1981, ப. 67; Worthington 2008, ப. 8, 219; Cawkwell 1978, ப. 22; Perlman 1973, p. 78; Hamilton 1974, Chapter 2: The Macedonian Homeland, p. 23; Bryant 1996, ப. 306; O'Brien 1994, ப. 25. Hornblower, Simon (2008). "Greek Identity in the Archaic and Classical Periods". In Zacharia, K. (ed.). Hellenisms: Culture, Identity and Ethnicity from Antiquity to Modernity. Ashgate. pp. 37–58. ISBN 978-0-7546-6525-0. Errington, Robert Malcolm (1990). A History of Macedonia. Translated by Catherine Errington. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-06319-8. Fine, John Van Antwerp (1983). The Ancient Greeks: A Critical History. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-03314-0. Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière; Walbank, Frank William (2001). A History of Macedonia: 336–167 B.C. Vol. 3 (reprint ed.). Oxford: ஒக்ஸ்போர்ட் பல்கலைக்கழகப் பதிப்பகம் of the ஒக்ஸ்போர்ட் பல்கலைக்கழகப் பதிப்பகம். ISBN 0-19-814815-1. Archived from the original on 23 November 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2020. Jones, Archer (2001). The Art of War in the Western World. Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-06966-8. Archived from the original on 3 November 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2020. Hammond, NGL (1989). The Macedonian State: Origins, Institutions, and History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-814883-8. Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (1993). Studies concerning Epirus and Macedonia before Alexander. Amsterdam: Hakkert. ISBN 978-90-256-1050-0. Archived from the original on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 3 October 2020. Starr, Chester G. (1991). A History of the Ancient World. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-506628-6. Archived from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2020. Toynbee, Arnold Joseph (1981). The Greeks and Their Heritages. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-215256-5. Worthington, Ian (2008). Philip II of Macedonia. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-12079-0. Archived from the original on 18 May 2016. Retrieved 20 June 2015. Cawkwell, George (1978). Philip of Macedon. London, UK: Faber and Faber. ISBN 0-571-10958-6. Archived from the original on 17 September 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2020. Bryant, Joseph M. (1996). Moral Codes and Social Structure in Ancient Greece: A Sociology of Greek Ethics from Homer to the Epicureans and Stoics. Albany, NY: நியூ யார்க் அரசுப் பல்கலைக்கழகம். ISBN 0-7914-3042-1. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2020.
Stoneman 2004, ப. 2. Stoneman, Richard (2004). Alexander the Great. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-31932-4.
Goldsworthy 2003, ப. 327–28. Goldsworthy, A. (2003). The Fall of Carthage. Cassel. ISBN 978-0-304-36642-2.
Holland 2003, ப. 176–83. Holland, Tom (2003). Rubicon: Triumph and Tragedy in the Roman Republic. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-349-11563-4.
Barnett 1997, ப. 45. Barnett, C. (1997). Bonaparte. Wordsworth. ISBN 978-1-85326-678-2.
Lane Fox 1980, ப. 72–73. Lane Fox, Robin (1980). The Search for Alexander. Boston: Little Brown & Co. ISBN 978-0-316-29108-8.

attalus.org

Rolfe 1946, 5.2.13. Rolfe, John, ed. (1946). "Quintus Curtius Rufus". History of Alexander. Loeb Classical Library. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
"Julian: Caesars - translation". www.attalus.org. Archived from the original on 26 February 2020. Retrieved 29 March 2020.

bbc.co.uk

Christides, Giorgos (22 September 2014). "Greeks captivated by Alexander-era tomb at Amphipolis". BBC News இம் மூலத்தில் இருந்து 21 September 2014 அன்று. பரணிடப்பட்டது.. https://web.archive.org/web/20140921235011/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-29239529.

books.google.com

Heckel & Tritle 2009, ப. 99. Heckel, Waldemar; Tritle, Lawrence A, eds. (2009). Alexander the Great: A New History. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-4051-3082-0. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
Green, Peter (1970), Alexander of Macedon, 356–323 B.C.: a historical biography, Hellenistic culture and society (illustrated, revised reprint ed.), University of California Press, p. xxxiii, ISBN 978-0-520-07165-0, archived from the original on 14 April 2021, retrieved 20 June 2015, 356 – Alexander born in Pella. The exact date is not known, but probably either 20 or 26 July.
Roisman & Worthington 2010, ப. 171. Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Roisman & Worthington 2010, ப. 188. Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Roisman & Worthington 2010, ப. 186. Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Cawthorne 2004, ப. 42–43. Cawthorne, Nigel (2004). Alexander the Great. Haus. ISBN 978-1-904341-56-7.
Howe, Timothy; Brice, Lee L. (2015). Brill's Companion to Insurgency and Terrorism in the Ancient Mediterranean (in ஆங்கிலம்). Brill. p. 170. ISBN 978-90-04-28473-9. Archived from the original on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
Carney, Elizabeth Donnelly (2000). Women and Monarchy in Macedonia (in ஆங்கிலம்). University of Oklahoma Press. p. 101. ISBN 978-0-8061-3212-9. Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
Morgan, Janett (2016). Greek Perspectives on the Achaemenid Empire: Persia Through the Looking Glass (in ஆங்கிலம்). Edinburgh University Press. pp. 271–72. ISBN 978-0-7486-4724-8. Archived from the original on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
Briant, Pierre (2012). Alexander the Great and His Empire: A Short Introduction (in ஆங்கிலம்). Princeton University Press. p. 114. ISBN 978-0-691-15445-9. Archived from the original on 1 January 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
Jensen, Erik (2018). Barbarians in the Greek and Roman World (in ஆங்கிலம்). Hackett Publishing. p. 92. ISBN 978-1-62466-714-5. Archived from the original on 2 January 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
Roisman & Worthington 2010, ப. 179. Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Roisman & Worthington 2010, ப. 180. Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Roisman & Worthington 2010, ப. 190. Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Roisman & Worthington 2010, ப. 192. Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Roisman & Worthington 2010, ப. 199 Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Briant, Pierre (2002). From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire (in ஆங்கிலம்). Eisenbrauns. p. 817. ISBN 978-1-57506-120-7. Archived from the original on 19 August 2020. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
Heckel, Waldemar (2008). Who's Who in the Age of Alexander the Great: Prosopography of Alexander's Empire (in ஆங்கிலம்). John Wiley & Sons. p. 205. ISBN 978-1-4051-5469-7. Archived from the original on 19 August 2020. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
Hanson, Victor Davis (18 December 2007). Carnage and Culture: Landmark Battles in the Rise to Western Power (in ஆங்கிலம்). Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-307-42518-8. Archived from the original on 12 October 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
Foreman 2004, ப. 152 Foreman, Laura (2004). Alexander the conqueror: the epic story of the warrior king. Da Capo Press. p. 217. ISBN 978-0-306-81293-4. Archived from the original on 24 November 2016. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Hammond 1983, ப. 72–73. Hammond, NGL (1983). Sources for Alexander the Great. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-71471-6. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
Yenne 2010, ப. 99. Yenne, Bill (2010). Alexander the Great: Lessons From History's Undefeated General. Palgrave MacMillan. ISBN 978-0-230-61915-9.
Freeman, Philip (2011). Alexander the Great. New York City: Simon & Schuster Paperbacks. p. 213. ISBN 978-1-4391-9328-0. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
Briant, Pierre (2010) [1974]. Alexander the Great and His Empire: A Short Introduction. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 109. ISBN 978-0-691-15445-9. Archived from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
Heckel & Tritle 2009, ப. 47–48 Heckel, Waldemar; Tritle, Lawrence A, eds. (2009). Alexander the Great: A New History. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-4051-3082-0. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
Roisman & Worthington 2010, ப. 201 Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Roisman & Worthington 2010, ப. 202 Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Roisman & Worthington 2010, ப. 203 Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Roisman & Worthington 2010, ப. 205 Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Tripathi 1999, ப. 118–21. Tripathi, Rama Shankar (1999). History of Ancient India. ISBN 978-81-208-0018-2. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
Tripathi 1999, ப. 124–25. Tripathi, Rama Shankar (1999). History of Ancient India. ISBN 978-81-208-0018-2. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
Tripathi 1999, ப. 126–27. Tripathi, Rama Shankar (1999). History of Ancient India. ISBN 978-81-208-0018-2. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
Worthington 2003, ப. 175 Worthington, Ian (2003). Alexander the Great: A Reader. Routledge. p. 332. ISBN 978-0-415-29187-3. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
Kosmin 2014, ப. 34. Kosmin, Paul J. (2014), The Land of the Elephant Kings: Space, Territory, and Ideology in Seleucid Empire, Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0-674-72882-0, archived from the original on 8 May 2021, retrieved 24 August 2017
Tripathi 1999, ப. 129–30. Tripathi, Rama Shankar (1999). History of Ancient India. ISBN 978-81-208-0018-2. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
Tripathi 1999, ப. 137–38. Tripathi, Rama Shankar (1999). History of Ancient India. ISBN 978-81-208-0018-2. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
Tripathi 1999, ப. 141. Tripathi, Rama Shankar (1999). History of Ancient India. ISBN 978-81-208-0018-2. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
Worthington 2003, ப. 307–08 Worthington, Ian (2003). Alexander the Great: A Reader. Routledge. p. 332. ISBN 978-0-415-29187-3. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
Roisman & Worthington 2010, ப. 194 Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Ulrich Wilcken (1967). Alexander the Great. W.W. Norton & Company. p. 146. ISBN 978-0-393-00381-9. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
Wood 2001, ப. 2267–70. Wood, Michael (2001). In the Footsteps of Alexander the Great: A Journey from Greece to Asia. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-23192-4. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
Graham Shipley (2014). The Greek World After Alexander 323–30 BC. p. 40. ISBN 978-1-134-06531-8. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
McKechnie 1989, ப. 54 McKechnie, Paul (1989). Outsiders in the Greek cities in the fourth century BC. Taylor & Francis. p. 54. ISBN 978-0-415-00340-7. Archived from the original on 23 November 2016. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Roisman & Worthington 2010, ப. 192. Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Roisman & Worthington 2010, ப. 193, Morkot 1996, ப. 110 Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015. Morkot, Robert (1996). The Penguin Historical Atlas of Ancient Greece. Penguin.
Roisman & Worthington 2010, ப. 193. Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Roisman & Worthington 2010, ப. 190, Green 2007, ப. 4 Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015. Green, Peter (2007). Alexander the Great and the Hellenistic Age. London: Phoenix. ISBN 978-0-7538-2413-9.
M Wood (edited by T Gergel) – Alexander: Selected Texts from Arrian, Curtius and Plutarch பரணிடப்பட்டது 23 அக்டோபர் 2020 at the வந்தவழி இயந்திரம் Penguin, 2004 பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண் 0-14-101312-5 [Retrieved 8 April 2015]
Maddox, Donald; Sturm-Maddox, Sara (February 2012). Medieval French Alexander, the. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-7914-8832-4. Archived from the original on 17 March 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
G Highet – The Classical Tradition: Greek and Roman Influences on Western Literature: Greek and Roman Influences on Western Literature பரணிடப்பட்டது 27 பெப்ரவரி 2021 at the வந்தவழி இயந்திரம், Oxford University Press, 31 December 1949 p. 68 [Retrieved 2015-04-08] (ed. c.f. – Merriam-webster.com பரணிடப்பட்டது 26 சூன் 2015 at the வந்தவழி இயந்திரம்)
Morkot 1996, ப. 111, Roisman & Worthington 2010, ப. 195 Morkot, Robert (1996). The Penguin Historical Atlas of Ancient Greece. Penguin. Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Morkot 1996, ப. 121, Roisman & Worthington 2010, ப. 195 Morkot, Robert (1996). The Penguin Historical Atlas of Ancient Greece. Penguin. Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Burn, Lucilla (2004). Hellenistic Art: From Alexander the Great to Augustus. London, England: The British Museum Press. pp. 10–11. ISBN 978-0-89236-776-4. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
Harrison 1971, ப. 51. Harrison, E. F. (1971). The language of the New Testament. Wm B Eerdmans. p. 508. ISBN 978-0-8028-4786-7. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
Baynes 2007, ப. 170, Gabriel 2002, ப. 277 Baynes, Norman G (2007). "Byzantine art". Byzantium: An Introduction to East Roman Civilization. Baynes. p. 170. ISBN 978-1-4067-5659-3. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2020. Gabriel, Richard A (2002). "The army of Byzantium". The Great Armies of Antiquity. Greenwood. p. 277. ISBN 978-0-275-97809-9. Archived from the original on 29 April 2016. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
Cambon, Pierre; Jarrige, Jean-François (2006). Afghanistan, les trésors retrouvés: Collections du Musée national de Kaboul [Afghanistan, the treasures found: collections of the Kabul national museum] (in பிரெஞ்சு). Réunion des musées nationaux. p. 269. ISBN 978-2-7118-5218-5. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
Brown, Rebecca M.; Hutton, Deborah S. (22 June 2015). A Companion to Asian Art and Architecture. p. 438. ISBN 978-1-119-01953-4. Archived from the original on 29 February 2020. Retrieved 3 February 2017.
Roisman & Worthington 2010, Chapter 6, p. 114 Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Roisman & Worthington 2010, Chapter 6, p. 115 Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Roisman & Worthington 2010, ப. 187. Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Roisman & Worthington 2010, ப. 117. Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Fermor 2006, ப. 215 Fermor, Patrick Leigh (2006). Mani: Travels in the Southern Peloponnese. New York Book Review. p. 358. ISBN 978-1-59017-188-2. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
Curtis, Tallis & Andre-Salvini 2005, ப. 154 Curtis, J.; Tallis, N; Andre-Salvini, B (2005). Forgotten empire: the world of ancient Persia. University of California Press. p. 154. ISBN 978-0-520-24731-4. Archived from the original on 23 November 2016. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Roisman & Worthington 2010, ப. 120. Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Fischer 2004, ப. 66 Fischer, M. M. J. (2004). Mute dreams, blind owls, and dispersed knowledges: Persian poesis in the transnational circuitry. Duke University Press. p. 66. ISBN 978-0-8223-3298-5. Archived from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
Roisman & Worthington 2010, ப. 122. Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Connerney 2009, ப. 68 Connerney, R. D. (2009). The upside-down tree: India's changing culture. Algora. p. 214. ISBN 978-0-87586-649-9. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
Noll, Thomas (2016). "The Visual Image of Alexander the Great". In Stock, Markus (ed.). Alexander the Great in the Middle Ages: Transcultural Perspectives. Translated by Boettcher, Susan. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press. p. 258. ISBN 978-1-4426-4466-3. Archived from the original on 10 March 2021. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
Dwyer, Rachel (December 2005). 100 Bollywood Films. ISBN 9788174369901. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
Hornblower 2008, ப. 55–58; Errington 1990, ப. 3–4; Fine 1983, ப. 607–08; Hammond & Walbank 2001, ப. 11; Jones 2001, ப. 21; Osborne 2004, p. 127; Hammond 1989, ப. 12–13; Hammond 1993, ப. 97; Starr 1991, ப. 260, 367; Toynbee 1981, ப. 67; Worthington 2008, ப. 8, 219; Cawkwell 1978, ப. 22; Perlman 1973, p. 78; Hamilton 1974, Chapter 2: The Macedonian Homeland, p. 23; Bryant 1996, ப. 306; O'Brien 1994, ப. 25. Hornblower, Simon (2008). "Greek Identity in the Archaic and Classical Periods". In Zacharia, K. (ed.). Hellenisms: Culture, Identity and Ethnicity from Antiquity to Modernity. Ashgate. pp. 37–58. ISBN 978-0-7546-6525-0. Errington, Robert Malcolm (1990). A History of Macedonia. Translated by Catherine Errington. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-06319-8. Fine, John Van Antwerp (1983). The Ancient Greeks: A Critical History. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-03314-0. Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière; Walbank, Frank William (2001). A History of Macedonia: 336–167 B.C. Vol. 3 (reprint ed.). Oxford: ஒக்ஸ்போர்ட் பல்கலைக்கழகப் பதிப்பகம் of the ஒக்ஸ்போர்ட் பல்கலைக்கழகப் பதிப்பகம். ISBN 0-19-814815-1. Archived from the original on 23 November 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2020. Jones, Archer (2001). The Art of War in the Western World. Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-06966-8. Archived from the original on 3 November 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2020. Hammond, NGL (1989). The Macedonian State: Origins, Institutions, and History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-814883-8. Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (1993). Studies concerning Epirus and Macedonia before Alexander. Amsterdam: Hakkert. ISBN 978-90-256-1050-0. Archived from the original on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 3 October 2020. Starr, Chester G. (1991). A History of the Ancient World. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-506628-6. Archived from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2020. Toynbee, Arnold Joseph (1981). The Greeks and Their Heritages. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-215256-5. Worthington, Ian (2008). Philip II of Macedonia. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-12079-0. Archived from the original on 18 May 2016. Retrieved 20 June 2015. Cawkwell, George (1978). Philip of Macedon. London, UK: Faber and Faber. ISBN 0-571-10958-6. Archived from the original on 17 September 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2020. Bryant, Joseph M. (1996). Moral Codes and Social Structure in Ancient Greece: A Sociology of Greek Ethics from Homer to the Epicureans and Stoics. Albany, NY: நியூ யார்க் அரசுப் பல்கலைக்கழகம். ISBN 0-7914-3042-1. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2020.

britannica.com

"Alexander the Great's Achievements". Britannica. "Alexander the Great was one of the greatest military strategists and leaders in world history."
"Alexander the Great's Achievements". Britannica.

britishmuseum.org

"Collection online". பிரித்தானிய அருங்காட்சியகம். Archived from the original on 15 December 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2017. "Marble wall block from the temple of Athena at Priene, inscribed on two sides. The inscription on the front records the gift of funds from Alexander the Great to complete the temple."
"Priene Inscription". பிரித்தானிய அருங்காட்சியகம். Archived from the original on 15 December 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2017. "Marble wall block from the temple of Athena at Priene, inscribed. Part of the marble wall of the temple of Athena at Priene. Above: "King Alexander dedicated the temple to Athena Polias."

cassucsd.edu

"Bayfront Byline Bug Walk". UCSD. Mar 1996. Archived from the original on 3 December 2012. Retrieved 25 March 2013.

cngcoins.com

"CNG: eAuction 430. KINGS of MACEDON. Alexander III 'the Great'. 336-323 BC. AR Tetradrachm (25mm, 17.15 g, 1h). Tarsos mint. Struck under Balakros or Menes, circa 333-327 BC". www.cngcoins.com. Archived from the original on 18 February 2019. Retrieved 17 February 2019.

doi.org

dx.doi.org

Green, Peter (1991). "Alexander to Actium: The Historical Evolution of the Hellenistic Age (Hellenistic Culture and Society)". The American Historical Review (Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press) 1. doi:10.1086/ahr/96.5.1515. பன்னாட்டுத் தர தொடர் எண்:1937-5239.
"Was the death of Alexander the Great due to poisoning? Was it Veratrum album?". Clinical Toxicology 52 (1): 72–77. January 2014. doi:10.3109/15563650.2013.870341. பப்மெட்:24369045.
Oldach, DW; Richard, RE; Borza, EN; Benitez, RM (June 1998). "A mysterious death". N. Engl. J. Med. 338 (24): 1764–69. doi:10.1056/NEJM199806113382411. பப்மெட்:9625631.
Ashrafian, H (2004). "The death of Alexander the Great – a spinal twist of fate". J Hist Neurosci 13 (2): 138–42. doi:10.1080/0964704049052157. பப்மெட்:15370319.
Marr, John S; Charles Calisher (2003). "Alexander the Great and West Nile Virus Encephalitis". Emerging Infectious Diseases 9 (12): 1599–1603. doi:10.3201/eid0912.030288. பப்மெட்:14725285.
Sbarounis, CN (2007). "Did Alexander the Great die of acute pancreatitis?". J Clin Gastroenterol 24 (4): 294–96. doi:10.1097/00004836-199706000-00031. பப்மெட்:9252868.
Bieber, M (1965). "The Portraits of Alexander". Greece & Rome. Second Series 12 (2): 183–88. doi:10.1017/s0017383500015345. https://archive.org/details/sim_greece-rome_1965-10_12_2/page/183.
Badian, Erns (1968). "A King's Notebooks". Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 72: 183–204. doi:10.2307/311079.
Wardle, David (2007). "Caligula's Bridge of Boats – AD 39 or 40?". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte 56 (1): 118–120. doi:10.25162/historia-2007-0009. பன்னாட்டுத் தர தொடர் எண்:0018-2311.

doi.org

Diana Spencer (2019-11-22). "Alexander the Great, reception of". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Classics. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.8048. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5. Archived from the original on 10 November 2021. Retrieved 2021-11-09. Alexander enjoys the epithet the Great for the first time in Plautus's Roman comedy Mostellaria (775–777). {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
Ashrafian H. "The Death of Alexander the Great–a Spinal Twist of Fate." J Hist Neurosci. 2004 Jun;13(2):138-42. doi:10.1080/0964704049052157 PMID 15370319 பரணிடப்பட்டது 10 அக்டோபர் 2011 at the வந்தவழி இயந்திரம்.

etymonline.com

"Alexander"..

forensic-psych.com

Bursztajn, Harold J (2005). "Dead Men Talking". Harvard Medical Alumni Bulletin (Spring). http://www.forensic-psych.com/articles/artDeadMenTalking.php. பார்த்த நாள்: 16 December 2011.

ghostarchive.org

Squires, Nick (4 August 2010). "Alexander the Great poisoned by the River Styx". The Daily Telegraph (London) இம் மூலத்தில் இருந்து 10 January 2022 அன்று. பரணிடப்பட்டது.. https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/greece/7924855/Alexander-the-Great-poisoned-by-the-River-Styx.html.

greece.org

Kosmetatou, Elizabeth (1998). "The Location of the Tomb: Facts and Speculation". Greece.org. Archived from the original on 31 May 2004. Retrieved 16 December 2011.
Kosmetatou, Elizabeth (1998). "The Aftermath: The Burial of Alexander the Great". Greece.org. Archived from the original on 27 August 2004. Retrieved 16 December 2011.

greekreporter.com

greece.greekreporter.com

"Hephaestion's Monogram Found at Amphipolis Tomb". Greek Reporter. 30 September 2015. Archived from the original on 1 October 2015. Retrieved 15 April 2020.

gutenberg.org

"The Project Gutenberg eBook of Anabasis of Alexander, by Arrian". www.gutenberg.org. Archived from the original on 26 March 2018. Retrieved 11 January 2018.

henry-davis.com

"World map according to Eratosthenes (194 B.C.)". henry-davis.com. Henry Davis Consulting. Archived from the original on 29 September 2018. Retrieved 16 December 2011.

history.com

"How Alexander the Great Conquered the Persian Empire". HISTORY (in ஆங்கிலம்). Retrieved 2023-04-30.

huffingtonpost.com

Bennett-Smith, Meredith (14 January 2014). "Was Alexander The Great Poisoned By Toxic Wine?". The Huffington Post இம் மூலத்தில் இருந்து 17 June 2017 அன்று. பரணிடப்பட்டது.. https://web.archive.org/web/20170617050647/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/01/13/alexander-the-great-poisoned-toxic-wine_n_4591553.html.

jhu.edu

muse.jhu.edu

"Project MUSE - Ancient Antioch". muse.jhu.edu. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2020.

jstor.org

Lionel I. C. Pearson (1955), "The Diary and the Letters of Alexander the Great", Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte 3(4): 429–455, at 443–450. JSTOR 4434421

khalilicollections.org

"A Long List of Supplies Disbursed". Khalili Collections (in அமெரிக்க ஆங்கிலம்). Archived from the original on 15 August 2019. Retrieved 6 January 2021.

lexundria.com

Josephus, Jewish Antiquities, XI, 337 viii, 5

livescience.com

Owen Jarus (4 February 2019). "Why Alexander the Great May Have Been Declared Dead Prematurely (It's Pretty Gruesome)". Live Science. Archived from the original on 27 July 2021. Retrieved Nov 3, 2021.

livius.org

Plutarch, Life of Alexander 3.5: "The birth of Alexander the Great". Livius. Archived from the original on 20 March 2015. Retrieved 16 December 2011. Alexander was born the sixth of Hekatombaion.
Arrian 1976, III 7–15; also in a contemporary Babylonian account of the battle of Gaugamela பரணிடப்பட்டது 24 பெப்ரவரி 2017 at the வந்தவழி இயந்திரம் Arrian (1976). de Sélincourt, Aubrey (ed.). Anabasis Alexandri (The Campaigns of Alexander). Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-044253-3.
"a contemporary account of the battle of Gaugamela". Archived from the original on 12 August 2021. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
"The end of Persia". Livius. Archived from the original on 16 March 2016. Retrieved 16 November 2009.
Livius.org. "Roxane பரணிடப்பட்டது 14 ஏப்ரல் 2021 at the வந்தவழி இயந்திரம்." Articles on Ancient History. Retrieved on 30 August 2016.
"Alexander IV". Livius. Archived from the original on 24 September 2013. Retrieved 13 December 2009.
"Alexander the Great: his towns". livius.org. Archived from the original on 3 May 2015. Retrieved 13 December 2009.

loc.gov

lccn.loc.gov

Luniya 1978, ப. 312 Luniya, Bhanwarlal Nathuram (1978). Life and Culture in Ancient India: From the Earliest Times to 1000 AD. Lakshmi Narain Agarwal. LCCN 78907043.

merriam-webster.com

G Highet – The Classical Tradition: Greek and Roman Influences on Western Literature: Greek and Roman Influences on Western Literature பரணிடப்பட்டது 27 பெப்ரவரி 2021 at the வந்தவழி இயந்திரம், Oxford University Press, 31 December 1949 p. 68 [Retrieved 2015-04-08] (ed. c.f. – Merriam-webster.com பரணிடப்பட்டது 26 சூன் 2015 at the வந்தவழி இயந்திரம்)
Merriam-Webster – epithet பரணிடப்பட்டது 26 மார்ச் 2015 at the வந்தவழி இயந்திரம் [Retrieved 8 April 2015]

neosalexandria.org

"Greco-Buddhism: A Brief History". Neosalexandria. 11 November 2010. Archived from the original on 26 February 2021. Retrieved March 19, 2021.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

"Was the death of Alexander the Great due to poisoning? Was it Veratrum album?". Clinical Toxicology 52 (1): 72–77. January 2014. doi:10.3109/15563650.2013.870341. பப்மெட்:24369045.
Oldach, DW; Richard, RE; Borza, EN; Benitez, RM (June 1998). "A mysterious death". N. Engl. J. Med. 338 (24): 1764–69. doi:10.1056/NEJM199806113382411. பப்மெட்:9625631.
Ashrafian, H (2004). "The death of Alexander the Great – a spinal twist of fate". J Hist Neurosci 13 (2): 138–42. doi:10.1080/0964704049052157. பப்மெட்:15370319.
Marr, John S; Charles Calisher (2003). "Alexander the Great and West Nile Virus Encephalitis". Emerging Infectious Diseases 9 (12): 1599–1603. doi:10.3201/eid0912.030288. பப்மெட்:14725285.
Sbarounis, CN (2007). "Did Alexander the Great die of acute pancreatitis?". J Clin Gastroenterol 24 (4): 294–96. doi:10.1097/00004836-199706000-00031. பப்மெட்:9252868.
Ashrafian H. "The Death of Alexander the Great–a Spinal Twist of Fate." J Hist Neurosci. 2004 Jun;13(2):138-42. doi:10.1080/0964704049052157 PMID 15370319 பரணிடப்பட்டது 10 அக்டோபர் 2011 at the வந்தவழி இயந்திரம்.

pubmedcentral.nih.gov

Marr, John S; Charles Calisher (2003). "Alexander the Great and West Nile Virus Encephalitis". Emerging Infectious Diseases 9 (12): 1599–1603. doi:10.3201/eid0912.030288. பப்மெட்:14725285.

oneonta.edu

employees.oneonta.edu

"Images of Authority II: The Greek Example". SUNY Oneonta. 2005. Archived from the original on 4 October 2018. Retrieved 16 December 2011.

oxfordre.com

Diana Spencer (2019-11-22). "Alexander the Great, reception of". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Classics. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.8048. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5. Archived from the original on 10 November 2021. Retrieved 2021-11-09. Alexander enjoys the epithet the Great for the first time in Plautus's Roman comedy Mostellaria (775–777). {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)

perseids.org

cts.perseids.org

"Capitains Nemo". cts.perseids.org. Archived from the original on 15 August 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2020.

royalsociety.org.nz

"NZ scientist's detective work may reveal how Alexander died". The Royal Society of New Zealand (Dunedin). 16 October 2003 இம் மூலத்தில் இருந்து 16 ஜனவரி 2014 அன்று. பரணிடப்பட்டது.. https://web.archive.org/web/20140116141707/http://www.royalsociety.org.nz/2003/10/16/alexander/.

sikyon.com

"History of Ancient Sparta". Sikyon. Archived from the original on 5 March 2001. Retrieved 14 November 2009.

telegraph.co.uk

Squires, Nick (4 August 2010). "Alexander the Great poisoned by the River Styx". The Daily Telegraph (London) இம் மூலத்தில் இருந்து 10 January 2022 அன்று. பரணிடப்பட்டது.. https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/greece/7924855/Alexander-the-Great-poisoned-by-the-River-Styx.html.

topostext.org

"ToposText". topostext.org. Archived from the original on 15 December 2021. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
"ToposText". topostext.org. Archived from the original on 1 February 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2019.
"ToposText". topostext.org. Archived from the original on 1 February 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2019.

tufts.edu

perseus.tufts.edu

Plutarch 1919, III, 2
Plutarch 1919, VI, 5
Diodorus Siculus 1989, XVI, 86 Siculus, Diodorus (1989). "Library of History". CH Oldfather, translator. Perseus Project. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2009.
Plutarch 1919, IX, 1
"Philostratus the Athenian, Vita Apollonii, book 2, chapter 12". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
Plutarch 1919, LXII, 1
Plutarch 1919, LXXV, 1
Diodorus Siculus 1989, XVII, 117 Siculus, Diodorus (1989). "Library of History". CH Oldfather, translator. Perseus Project. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2009.
Plutarch 1919, LXXVII, 1
Diodorus Siculus 1989, XVII, 118 Siculus, Diodorus (1989). "Library of History". CH Oldfather, translator. Perseus Project. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2009.
"Plutarch, Galba, chapter 1, section 4". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Archived from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
"Plutarch, Galba, chapter 1, section 4". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
"Plutarch, Regum et imperatorum apophthegmata, Ἀλέξανδρος". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
"Plutarch, De Alexandri magni fortuna aut virtute, chapter 2, section 4". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
Diodorus Siculus 1989, XVIII, 4 Siculus, Diodorus (1989). "Library of History". CH Oldfather, translator. Perseus Project. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2009.
Siculus, Diodorus (1989). Diodorus of Sicily in Twelve Volumes with an English Translation by C. H. Oldfather. Vol. 4-8. Harvard University Press. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2021.
Plutarch 1919, IV, 1.
Liddell & Scott 1940, ξανθός. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert (1940). Jones, Sir Henry Stuart; McKenzie, Roderick (eds.). A Greek-English Lexicon on Perseus Digital Library. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Plutarch 1919, V, 2
Plutarch 1919, IV, 4
Plutarch 1919, VII, 1
Plutarch 1919, VIII, 1
Plutarch 1919, IX, IV
Plutarch 1919, XXVII, 1
Plutarch 1919, LXV, 1
Plutarch 1919, LXVII, 1.
"Pausanias, Description of Greece, 7.5". Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
"The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites, Pella (Khirbet Fahil) Jordan". Archived from the original on 21 February 2021. Retrieved 2 August 2021.
"Pausanias, Description of Greece, *korinqiaka/, chapter 1, section 5". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Archived from the original on 6 March 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
"Pliny the Elder, The Natural History, BOOK V. AN ACCOUNT OF COUNTRIES, NATIONS, SEAS, TOWNS, HAVENS, MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, DISTANCES, AND PEOPLES WHO NOW EXIST OR FORMERLY EXISTED., CHAP. 31.—IONIA". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
"Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), MIMAS". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Archived from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
"Arrian, Anabasis, book 7, chapter 20". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
Plutarch 1919, LXVI, 1
Plutarch 1919, XI, 2
Plutarch 1919, IV, 57: 'ἀλέξω'.
Plutarch 1919, IV, 57: 'ἀνήρ'.

uchicago.edu

penelope.uchicago.edu

Aelian, "64", Varia Historia, vol. XII
Plutarch 1936, II, 6. Plutarch (1936). Babbitt, Frank Cole (ed.). On the Fortune of Alexander. Vol. IV. Loeb Classical Library. pp. 379–487. Archived from the original on 31 July 2022. Retrieved 26 November 2011.
Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Caligula 19 பரணிடப்பட்டது 13 சூலை 2021 at the வந்தவழி இயந்திரம்.
Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Caligula 54 பரணிடப்பட்டது 13 சூலை 2021 at the வந்தவழி இயந்திரம்.

ucr.edu

jwsr.ucr.edu

Peter Turchin, Thomas D. Hall and Jonathan M. Adams, "East-West Orientation of Historical Empires பரணிடப்பட்டது 22 பெப்ரவரி 2007 at the வந்தவழி இயந்திரம்", Journal of World-Systems Research Vol. 12 (no. 2), pp. 219–29 (2006).

uky.edu

cs.uky.edu

"SOL Search". www.cs.uky.edu. Archived from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
"Suda, sigma, 117". Archived from the original on 14 October 2021. Retrieved 12 August 2021.

umich.edu

Waterman, Leroy; McDowell, Robert H.; Hopkins, Clark (1998). "Seleucia on the Tigris, Iraq". umich.edu. The Kelsey Online. Archived from the original on 4 January 2012. Retrieved 16 December 2011.

usnews.com

"Archaeologist claims opulent grave in Greece honored Alexander the Great's best friend". usnews.com. 30 September 2015. Archived from the original on 2 October 2015. Retrieved 15 April 2020.

web.archive.org

Diana Spencer (2019-11-22). "Alexander the Great, reception of". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Classics. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.8048. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5. Archived from the original on 10 November 2021. Retrieved 2021-11-09. Alexander enjoys the epithet the Great for the first time in Plautus's Roman comedy Mostellaria (775–777). {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
Heckel & Tritle 2009, ப. 99. Heckel, Waldemar; Tritle, Lawrence A, eds. (2009). Alexander the Great: A New History. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-4051-3082-0. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
Green, Peter (1970), Alexander of Macedon, 356–323 B.C.: a historical biography, Hellenistic culture and society (illustrated, revised reprint ed.), University of California Press, p. xxxiii, ISBN 978-0-520-07165-0, archived from the original on 14 April 2021, retrieved 20 June 2015, 356 – Alexander born in Pella. The exact date is not known, but probably either 20 or 26 July.
Plutarch, Life of Alexander 3.5: "The birth of Alexander the Great". Livius. Archived from the original on 20 March 2015. Retrieved 16 December 2011. Alexander was born the sixth of Hekatombaion.
Roisman & Worthington 2010, ப. 171. Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Roisman & Worthington 2010, ப. 188. Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Roisman & Worthington 2010, ப. 186. Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Howe, Timothy; Brice, Lee L. (2015). Brill's Companion to Insurgency and Terrorism in the Ancient Mediterranean (in ஆங்கிலம்). Brill. p. 170. ISBN 978-90-04-28473-9. Archived from the original on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
Carney, Elizabeth Donnelly (2000). Women and Monarchy in Macedonia (in ஆங்கிலம்). University of Oklahoma Press. p. 101. ISBN 978-0-8061-3212-9. Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
Morgan, Janett (2016). Greek Perspectives on the Achaemenid Empire: Persia Through the Looking Glass (in ஆங்கிலம்). Edinburgh University Press. pp. 271–72. ISBN 978-0-7486-4724-8. Archived from the original on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
Briant, Pierre (2012). Alexander the Great and His Empire: A Short Introduction (in ஆங்கிலம்). Princeton University Press. p. 114. ISBN 978-0-691-15445-9. Archived from the original on 1 January 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
Jensen, Erik (2018). Barbarians in the Greek and Roman World (in ஆங்கிலம்). Hackett Publishing. p. 92. ISBN 978-1-62466-714-5. Archived from the original on 2 January 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
"SOL Search". www.cs.uky.edu. Archived from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
Diodorus Siculus 1989, XVI, 86 Siculus, Diodorus (1989). "Library of History". CH Oldfather, translator. Perseus Project. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2009.
"History of Ancient Sparta". Sikyon. Archived from the original on 5 March 2001. Retrieved 14 November 2009.
Roisman & Worthington 2010, ப. 179. Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Roisman & Worthington 2010, ப. 180. Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Roisman & Worthington 2010, ப. 190. Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Roisman & Worthington 2010, ப. 192. Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Roisman & Worthington 2010, ப. 199 Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Briant, Pierre (2002). From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire (in ஆங்கிலம்). Eisenbrauns. p. 817. ISBN 978-1-57506-120-7. Archived from the original on 19 August 2020. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
Heckel, Waldemar (2008). Who's Who in the Age of Alexander the Great: Prosopography of Alexander's Empire (in ஆங்கிலம்). John Wiley & Sons. p. 205. ISBN 978-1-4051-5469-7. Archived from the original on 19 August 2020. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
"The Project Gutenberg eBook of Anabasis of Alexander, by Arrian". www.gutenberg.org. Archived from the original on 26 March 2018. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
Arrian 1976, III 7–15; also in a contemporary Babylonian account of the battle of Gaugamela பரணிடப்பட்டது 24 பெப்ரவரி 2017 at the வந்தவழி இயந்திரம் Arrian (1976). de Sélincourt, Aubrey (ed.). Anabasis Alexandri (The Campaigns of Alexander). Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-044253-3.
Hanson, Victor Davis (18 December 2007). Carnage and Culture: Landmark Battles in the Rise to Western Power (in ஆங்கிலம்). Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-307-42518-8. Archived from the original on 12 October 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
"a contemporary account of the battle of Gaugamela". Archived from the original on 12 August 2021. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
Foreman 2004, ப. 152 Foreman, Laura (2004). Alexander the conqueror: the epic story of the warrior king. Da Capo Press. p. 217. ISBN 978-0-306-81293-4. Archived from the original on 24 November 2016. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Hammond 1983, ப. 72–73. Hammond, NGL (1983). Sources for Alexander the Great. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-71471-6. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
Freeman, Philip (2011). Alexander the Great. New York City: Simon & Schuster Paperbacks. p. 213. ISBN 978-1-4391-9328-0. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
Briant, Pierre (2010) [1974]. Alexander the Great and His Empire: A Short Introduction. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 109. ISBN 978-0-691-15445-9. Archived from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
"A Long List of Supplies Disbursed". Khalili Collections (in அமெரிக்க ஆங்கிலம்). Archived from the original on 15 August 2019. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
"The end of Persia". Livius. Archived from the original on 16 March 2016. Retrieved 16 November 2009.
Heckel & Tritle 2009, ப. 47–48 Heckel, Waldemar; Tritle, Lawrence A, eds. (2009). Alexander the Great: A New History. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-4051-3082-0. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
Roisman & Worthington 2010, ப. 201 Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Roisman & Worthington 2010, ப. 202 Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Roisman & Worthington 2010, ப. 203 Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Roisman & Worthington 2010, ப. 205 Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Tripathi 1999, ப. 118–21. Tripathi, Rama Shankar (1999). History of Ancient India. ISBN 978-81-208-0018-2. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
Tripathi 1999, ப. 124–25. Tripathi, Rama Shankar (1999). History of Ancient India. ISBN 978-81-208-0018-2. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
Tripathi 1999, ப. 126–27. Tripathi, Rama Shankar (1999). History of Ancient India. ISBN 978-81-208-0018-2. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
Worthington 2003, ப. 175 Worthington, Ian (2003). Alexander the Great: A Reader. Routledge. p. 332. ISBN 978-0-415-29187-3. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
"Philostratus the Athenian, Vita Apollonii, book 2, chapter 12". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
Kosmin 2014, ப. 34. Kosmin, Paul J. (2014), The Land of the Elephant Kings: Space, Territory, and Ideology in Seleucid Empire, Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0-674-72882-0, archived from the original on 8 May 2021, retrieved 24 August 2017
Tripathi 1999, ப. 129–30. Tripathi, Rama Shankar (1999). History of Ancient India. ISBN 978-81-208-0018-2. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
Tripathi 1999, ப. 137–38. Tripathi, Rama Shankar (1999). History of Ancient India. ISBN 978-81-208-0018-2. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
Tripathi 1999, ப. 141. Tripathi, Rama Shankar (1999). History of Ancient India. ISBN 978-81-208-0018-2. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
Worthington 2003, ப. 307–08 Worthington, Ian (2003). Alexander the Great: A Reader. Routledge. p. 332. ISBN 978-0-415-29187-3. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
Roisman & Worthington 2010, ப. 194 Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Ulrich Wilcken (1967). Alexander the Great. W.W. Norton & Company. p. 146. ISBN 978-0-393-00381-9. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
Wood 2001, ப. 2267–70. Wood, Michael (2001). In the Footsteps of Alexander the Great: A Journey from Greece to Asia. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-23192-4. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
Diodorus Siculus 1989, XVII, 117 Siculus, Diodorus (1989). "Library of History". CH Oldfather, translator. Perseus Project. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2009.
Diodorus Siculus 1989, XVII, 118 Siculus, Diodorus (1989). "Library of History". CH Oldfather, translator. Perseus Project. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2009.
"NZ scientist's detective work may reveal how Alexander died". The Royal Society of New Zealand (Dunedin). 16 October 2003 இம் மூலத்தில் இருந்து 16 ஜனவரி 2014 அன்று. பரணிடப்பட்டது.. https://web.archive.org/web/20140116141707/http://www.royalsociety.org.nz/2003/10/16/alexander/.
Bennett-Smith, Meredith (14 January 2014). "Was Alexander The Great Poisoned By Toxic Wine?". The Huffington Post இம் மூலத்தில் இருந்து 17 June 2017 அன்று. பரணிடப்பட்டது.. https://web.archive.org/web/20170617050647/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/01/13/alexander-the-great-poisoned-toxic-wine_n_4591553.html.
Owen Jarus (4 February 2019). "Why Alexander the Great May Have Been Declared Dead Prematurely (It's Pretty Gruesome)". Live Science. Archived from the original on 27 July 2021. Retrieved Nov 3, 2021.
Kosmetatou, Elizabeth (1998). "The Location of the Tomb: Facts and Speculation". Greece.org. Archived from the original on 31 May 2004. Retrieved 16 December 2011.
"Bayfront Byline Bug Walk". UCSD. Mar 1996. Archived from the original on 3 December 2012. Retrieved 25 March 2013.
Kosmetatou, Elizabeth (1998). "The Aftermath: The Burial of Alexander the Great". Greece.org. Archived from the original on 27 August 2004. Retrieved 16 December 2011.
Christides, Giorgos (22 September 2014). "Greeks captivated by Alexander-era tomb at Amphipolis". BBC News இம் மூலத்தில் இருந்து 21 September 2014 அன்று. பரணிடப்பட்டது.. https://web.archive.org/web/20140921235011/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-29239529.
"Archaeologist claims opulent grave in Greece honored Alexander the Great's best friend". usnews.com. 30 September 2015. Archived from the original on 2 October 2015. Retrieved 15 April 2020.
"Hephaestion's Monogram Found at Amphipolis Tomb". Greek Reporter. 30 September 2015. Archived from the original on 1 October 2015. Retrieved 15 April 2020.
"Plutarch, Galba, chapter 1, section 4". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Archived from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
"Plutarch, Galba, chapter 1, section 4". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
"Plutarch, Regum et imperatorum apophthegmata, Ἀλέξανδρος". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
"Plutarch, De Alexandri magni fortuna aut virtute, chapter 2, section 4". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
Graham Shipley (2014). The Greek World After Alexander 323–30 BC. p. 40. ISBN 978-1-134-06531-8. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
"CNG: eAuction 430. KINGS of MACEDON. Alexander III 'the Great'. 336-323 BC. AR Tetradrachm (25mm, 17.15 g, 1h). Tarsos mint. Struck under Balakros or Menes, circa 333-327 BC". www.cngcoins.com. Archived from the original on 18 February 2019. Retrieved 17 February 2019.
Diodorus Siculus 1989, XVIII, 4 Siculus, Diodorus (1989). "Library of History". CH Oldfather, translator. Perseus Project. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2009.
McKechnie 1989, ப. 54 McKechnie, Paul (1989). Outsiders in the Greek cities in the fourth century BC. Taylor & Francis. p. 54. ISBN 978-0-415-00340-7. Archived from the original on 23 November 2016. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Roisman & Worthington 2010, ப. 192. Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Roisman & Worthington 2010, ப. 193, Morkot 1996, ப. 110 Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015. Morkot, Robert (1996). The Penguin Historical Atlas of Ancient Greece. Penguin.
Roisman & Worthington 2010, ப. 193. Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
"Images of Authority II: The Greek Example". SUNY Oneonta. 2005. Archived from the original on 4 October 2018. Retrieved 16 December 2011.
Rolfe 1946, 5.2.13. Rolfe, John, ed. (1946). "Quintus Curtius Rufus". History of Alexander. Loeb Classical Library. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
Siculus, Diodorus (1989). Diodorus of Sicily in Twelve Volumes with an English Translation by C. H. Oldfather. Vol. 4-8. Harvard University Press. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2021.
Ashrafian H. "The Death of Alexander the Great–a Spinal Twist of Fate." J Hist Neurosci. 2004 Jun;13(2):138-42. doi:10.1080/0964704049052157 PMID 15370319 பரணிடப்பட்டது 10 அக்டோபர் 2011 at the வந்தவழி இயந்திரம்.
Brinkmann, Vinzenz; Wunsche, Raimund (2007). Gods in Color: Painted Sculpture of Classical Antiquity. Arthur M. Sackler / Harvard University Art Museum. p. 159. Archived from the original on 31 July 2022. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
Roisman & Worthington 2010, ப. 190, Green 2007, ப. 4 Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015. Green, Peter (2007). Alexander the Great and the Hellenistic Age. London: Phoenix. ISBN 978-0-7538-2413-9.
M Wood (edited by T Gergel) – Alexander: Selected Texts from Arrian, Curtius and Plutarch பரணிடப்பட்டது 23 அக்டோபர் 2020 at the வந்தவழி இயந்திரம் Penguin, 2004 பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண் 0-14-101312-5 [Retrieved 8 April 2015]
Maddox, Donald; Sturm-Maddox, Sara (February 2012). Medieval French Alexander, the. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-7914-8832-4. Archived from the original on 17 March 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
G Highet – The Classical Tradition: Greek and Roman Influences on Western Literature: Greek and Roman Influences on Western Literature பரணிடப்பட்டது 27 பெப்ரவரி 2021 at the வந்தவழி இயந்திரம், Oxford University Press, 31 December 1949 p. 68 [Retrieved 2015-04-08] (ed. c.f. – Merriam-webster.com பரணிடப்பட்டது 26 சூன் 2015 at the வந்தவழி இயந்திரம்)
Merriam-Webster – epithet பரணிடப்பட்டது 26 மார்ச் 2015 at the வந்தவழி இயந்திரம் [Retrieved 8 April 2015]
Morkot 1996, ப. 111, Roisman & Worthington 2010, ப. 195 Morkot, Robert (1996). The Penguin Historical Atlas of Ancient Greece. Penguin. Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Morkot 1996, ப. 121, Roisman & Worthington 2010, ப. 195 Morkot, Robert (1996). The Penguin Historical Atlas of Ancient Greece. Penguin. Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Livius.org. "Roxane பரணிடப்பட்டது 14 ஏப்ரல் 2021 at the வந்தவழி இயந்திரம்." Articles on Ancient History. Retrieved on 30 August 2016.
Plutarch 1936, II, 6. Plutarch (1936). Babbitt, Frank Cole (ed.). On the Fortune of Alexander. Vol. IV. Loeb Classical Library. pp. 379–487. Archived from the original on 31 July 2022. Retrieved 26 November 2011.
"Alexander IV". Livius. Archived from the original on 24 September 2013. Retrieved 13 December 2009.
"World map according to Eratosthenes (194 B.C.)". henry-davis.com. Henry Davis Consulting. Archived from the original on 29 September 2018. Retrieved 16 December 2011.
Peter Turchin, Thomas D. Hall and Jonathan M. Adams, "East-West Orientation of Historical Empires பரணிடப்பட்டது 22 பெப்ரவரி 2007 at the வந்தவழி இயந்திரம்", Journal of World-Systems Research Vol. 12 (no. 2), pp. 219–29 (2006).
"Alexander the Great: his towns". livius.org. Archived from the original on 3 May 2015. Retrieved 13 December 2009.
"Pausanias, Description of Greece, 7.5". Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
"The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites, Pella (Khirbet Fahil) Jordan". Archived from the original on 21 February 2021. Retrieved 2 August 2021.
Burn, Lucilla (2004). Hellenistic Art: From Alexander the Great to Augustus. London, England: The British Museum Press. pp. 10–11. ISBN 978-0-89236-776-4. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
"Collection online". பிரித்தானிய அருங்காட்சியகம். Archived from the original on 15 December 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2017. "Marble wall block from the temple of Athena at Priene, inscribed on two sides. The inscription on the front records the gift of funds from Alexander the Great to complete the temple."
"Priene Inscription". பிரித்தானிய அருங்காட்சியகம். Archived from the original on 15 December 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2017. "Marble wall block from the temple of Athena at Priene, inscribed. Part of the marble wall of the temple of Athena at Priene. Above: "King Alexander dedicated the temple to Athena Polias."
"Capitains Nemo". cts.perseids.org. Archived from the original on 15 August 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
"Project MUSE - Ancient Antioch". muse.jhu.edu. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
"Suda, sigma, 117". Archived from the original on 14 October 2021. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
Waterman, Leroy; McDowell, Robert H.; Hopkins, Clark (1998). "Seleucia on the Tigris, Iraq". umich.edu. The Kelsey Online. Archived from the original on 4 January 2012. Retrieved 16 December 2011.
Harrison 1971, ப. 51. Harrison, E. F. (1971). The language of the New Testament. Wm B Eerdmans. p. 508. ISBN 978-0-8028-4786-7. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
Baynes 2007, ப. 170, Gabriel 2002, ப. 277 Baynes, Norman G (2007). "Byzantine art". Byzantium: An Introduction to East Roman Civilization. Baynes. p. 170. ISBN 978-1-4067-5659-3. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2020. Gabriel, Richard A (2002). "The army of Byzantium". The Great Armies of Antiquity. Greenwood. p. 277. ISBN 978-0-275-97809-9. Archived from the original on 29 April 2016. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
"Greco-Buddhism: A Brief History". Neosalexandria. 11 November 2010. Archived from the original on 26 February 2021. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
Cambon, Pierre; Jarrige, Jean-François (2006). Afghanistan, les trésors retrouvés: Collections du Musée national de Kaboul [Afghanistan, the treasures found: collections of the Kabul national museum] (in பிரெஞ்சு). Réunion des musées nationaux. p. 269. ISBN 978-2-7118-5218-5. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
Brown, Rebecca M.; Hutton, Deborah S. (22 June 2015). A Companion to Asian Art and Architecture. p. 438. ISBN 978-1-119-01953-4. Archived from the original on 29 February 2020. Retrieved 3 February 2017.
Roisman & Worthington 2010, Chapter 6, p. 114 Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Roisman & Worthington 2010, Chapter 6, p. 115 Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
"Julian: Caesars - translation". www.attalus.org. Archived from the original on 26 February 2020. Retrieved 29 March 2020.
Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Caligula 19 பரணிடப்பட்டது 13 சூலை 2021 at the வந்தவழி இயந்திரம்.
Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Caligula 54 பரணிடப்பட்டது 13 சூலை 2021 at the வந்தவழி இயந்திரம்.
"Pausanias, Description of Greece, *korinqiaka/, chapter 1, section 5". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Archived from the original on 6 March 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
"Pliny the Elder, The Natural History, BOOK V. AN ACCOUNT OF COUNTRIES, NATIONS, SEAS, TOWNS, HAVENS, MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, DISTANCES, AND PEOPLES WHO NOW EXIST OR FORMERLY EXISTED., CHAP. 31.—IONIA". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
"Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), MIMAS". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Archived from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
"Arrian, Anabasis, book 7, chapter 20". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
"ToposText". topostext.org. Archived from the original on 15 December 2021. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
Roisman & Worthington 2010, ப. 187. Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Roisman & Worthington 2010, ப. 117. Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Fermor 2006, ப. 215 Fermor, Patrick Leigh (2006). Mani: Travels in the Southern Peloponnese. New York Book Review. p. 358. ISBN 978-1-59017-188-2. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
Curtis, Tallis & Andre-Salvini 2005, ப. 154 Curtis, J.; Tallis, N; Andre-Salvini, B (2005). Forgotten empire: the world of ancient Persia. University of California Press. p. 154. ISBN 978-0-520-24731-4. Archived from the original on 23 November 2016. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Roisman & Worthington 2010, ப. 120. Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Fischer 2004, ப. 66 Fischer, M. M. J. (2004). Mute dreams, blind owls, and dispersed knowledges: Persian poesis in the transnational circuitry. Duke University Press. p. 66. ISBN 978-0-8223-3298-5. Archived from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
Roisman & Worthington 2010, ப. 122. Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
Connerney 2009, ப. 68 Connerney, R. D. (2009). The upside-down tree: India's changing culture. Algora. p. 214. ISBN 978-0-87586-649-9. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
Noll, Thomas (2016). "The Visual Image of Alexander the Great". In Stock, Markus (ed.). Alexander the Great in the Middle Ages: Transcultural Perspectives. Translated by Boettcher, Susan. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press. p. 258. ISBN 978-1-4426-4466-3. Archived from the original on 10 March 2021. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
"ToposText". topostext.org. Archived from the original on 1 February 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2019.
"ToposText". topostext.org. Archived from the original on 1 February 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2019.
Dwyer, Rachel (December 2005). 100 Bollywood Films. ISBN 9788174369901. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
Hornblower 2008, ப. 55–58; Errington 1990, ப. 3–4; Fine 1983, ப. 607–08; Hammond & Walbank 2001, ப. 11; Jones 2001, ப. 21; Osborne 2004, p. 127; Hammond 1989, ப. 12–13; Hammond 1993, ப. 97; Starr 1991, ப. 260, 367; Toynbee 1981, ப. 67; Worthington 2008, ப. 8, 219; Cawkwell 1978, ப. 22; Perlman 1973, p. 78; Hamilton 1974, Chapter 2: The Macedonian Homeland, p. 23; Bryant 1996, ப. 306; O'Brien 1994, ப. 25. Hornblower, Simon (2008). "Greek Identity in the Archaic and Classical Periods". In Zacharia, K. (ed.). Hellenisms: Culture, Identity and Ethnicity from Antiquity to Modernity. Ashgate. pp. 37–58. ISBN 978-0-7546-6525-0. Errington, Robert Malcolm (1990). A History of Macedonia. Translated by Catherine Errington. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-06319-8. Fine, John Van Antwerp (1983). The Ancient Greeks: A Critical History. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-03314-0. Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière; Walbank, Frank William (2001). A History of Macedonia: 336–167 B.C. Vol. 3 (reprint ed.). Oxford: ஒக்ஸ்போர்ட் பல்கலைக்கழகப் பதிப்பகம் of the ஒக்ஸ்போர்ட் பல்கலைக்கழகப் பதிப்பகம். ISBN 0-19-814815-1. Archived from the original on 23 November 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2020. Jones, Archer (2001). The Art of War in the Western World. Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-06966-8. Archived from the original on 3 November 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2020. Hammond, NGL (1989). The Macedonian State: Origins, Institutions, and History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-814883-8. Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (1993). Studies concerning Epirus and Macedonia before Alexander. Amsterdam: Hakkert. ISBN 978-90-256-1050-0. Archived from the original on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 3 October 2020. Starr, Chester G. (1991). A History of the Ancient World. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-506628-6. Archived from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2020. Toynbee, Arnold Joseph (1981). The Greeks and Their Heritages. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-215256-5. Worthington, Ian (2008). Philip II of Macedonia. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-12079-0. Archived from the original on 18 May 2016. Retrieved 20 June 2015. Cawkwell, George (1978). Philip of Macedon. London, UK: Faber and Faber. ISBN 0-571-10958-6. Archived from the original on 17 September 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2020. Bryant, Joseph M. (1996). Moral Codes and Social Structure in Ancient Greece: A Sociology of Greek Ethics from Homer to the Epicureans and Stoics. Albany, NY: நியூ யார்க் அரசுப் பல்கலைக்கழகம். ISBN 0-7914-3042-1. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2020.

websfor.org

Arrian 1976, I, 1 Arrian (1976). de Sélincourt, Aubrey (ed.). Anabasis Alexandri (The Campaigns of Alexander). Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-044253-3.
Arrian 1976, III, 16 Arrian (1976). de Sélincourt, Aubrey (ed.). Anabasis Alexandri (The Campaigns of Alexander). Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-044253-3.
Arrian 1976, VII, 11 Arrian (1976). de Sélincourt, Aubrey (ed.). Anabasis Alexandri (The Campaigns of Alexander). Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-044253-3.
Arrian 1976, VI, 27 Arrian (1976). de Sélincourt, Aubrey (ed.). Anabasis Alexandri (The Campaigns of Alexander). Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-044253-3.
Arrian 1976, VII, 4 Arrian (1976). de Sélincourt, Aubrey (ed.). Anabasis Alexandri (The Campaigns of Alexander). Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-044253-3.
Arrian 1976, II, 29 Arrian (1976). de Sélincourt, Aubrey (ed.). Anabasis Alexandri (The Campaigns of Alexander). Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-044253-3.
Arrian 1976, VII, 19 Arrian (1976). de Sélincourt, Aubrey (ed.). Anabasis Alexandri (The Campaigns of Alexander). Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-044253-3.
Arrian 1976, VII, 27 Arrian (1976). de Sélincourt, Aubrey (ed.). Anabasis Alexandri (The Campaigns of Alexander). Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-044253-3.
Arrian 1976, VII, 29 Arrian (1976). de Sélincourt, Aubrey (ed.). Anabasis Alexandri (The Campaigns of Alexander). Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-044253-3.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Tarn, William Woodthorpe (1948). Alexander the Great. Cambridge [England]: University Press. p. 378. ISBN 0-521-22584-1. கணினி நூலகம் 606613.
Tarn, William Woodthorpe (1948). Alexander the Great. Cambridge [England]: University Press. pp. 361–362. ISBN 0-521-22584-1. கணினி நூலகம் 606613.
Kennedy, Hugh (2012). "Journey to Mecca: A History". In Porter, Venetia (ed.). Hajj : journey to the heart of Islam. Cambridge, Mass.: The British Museum. p. 131. ISBN 978-0-674-06218-4. கணினி நூலகம் 709670348.
Webb, Peter (2013). "The Hajj before Muhammad: Journeys to Mecca in Muslim Narratives of Pre-Islamic History". In Porter, Venetia; Saif, Liana (eds.). The Hajj : collected essays. London: The British Museum. pp. 14 footnote 72. ISBN 978-0-86159-193-0. கணினி நூலகம் 857109543.

worldcat.org

Green, Peter (1991). "Alexander to Actium: The Historical Evolution of the Hellenistic Age (Hellenistic Culture and Society)". The American Historical Review (Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press) 1. doi:10.1086/ahr/96.5.1515. பன்னாட்டுத் தர தொடர் எண்:1937-5239.
Wardle, David (2007). "Caligula's Bridge of Boats – AD 39 or 40?". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte 56 (1): 118–120. doi:10.25162/historia-2007-0009. பன்னாட்டுத் தர தொடர் எண்:0018-2311.