References analysis of the Wikipedia article "மௌரியப் பேரரசு" in the Tamil version

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Smith, vincent A. (1981). The Oxford History Of India Part. 1-3, Ed. 4th. Oxford University Press. p. 99. the only direct evidence throwing light ....is that of Jain tradition. ...it may be that he embraced Jainism towards the end of his reign. ...after much consideration I am inclined to accept the main facts as affirmed by tradition .... no alternative account exists.

"Annual Report Of Mysore 1886 To 1903" – via Internet Archive.

Epigraphia Indica Vol.20 (in ஆங்கிலம்). Achaeological Survey of India. 1920. p. 80.

"In the royal residences in India where the greatest of the kings of that country live, there are so many objects for admiration that neither Memnon's city of சூசா with all its extravagance, nor the magnificence of எகபடனா is to be compared with them. ... In the parks, tame peacocks and pheasants are kept." Aelian, Characteristics of animals book XIII, Chapter 18, also quoted in The Cambridge History of India, Volume 1, p411

Eugène Burnouf (1911). Legends of Indian Buddhism. New York: E. P. Dutton. p. 59.

Allchin, F. R.; Erdosy, George (1995). The Archaeology of Early Historic South Asia: The Emergence of Cities and States. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 306.

Narain Singh Kalota (1978). India As Described By Megasthenes.

Described in Marshall p.25-28 Ashoka pillar.

Ramaprasad, Chanda (1919). Indian Antiquary A Journal Of Oriental Research Vol.48. pp. 25-28.

Annual Report 1907-08. 1911. p. 55.

books.google.com

Smith, Vincent Arthur (1920), The Oxford History of India: From the Earliest Times to the End of 1911, Clarendon Press, pp. 104–106

Majumdar, R. C.; Raychaudhuri, H. C.; Datta, Kalikinkar (1950), An Advanced History of India (Second ed.), Macmillan & Company, p. 104

Stein, Burton (2010), A History of India, John Wiley & Sons, p. 74, ISBN 978-1-4443-2351-1, In the past it was not uncommon for historians to conflate the vast space thus outlined with the oppressive realm described in the Arthashastra and to posit one of the earliest and certainly one of the largest totalitarian regimes in all of history. Such a picture is no longer considered believable; at present what is taken to be the realm of Ashoka is a discontinuous set of several core regions separated by very large areas occupied by relatively autonomous peoples.

Ludden, David (2013), India and South Asia: A Short History, Oneworld Publications, pp. 28–30, ISBN 978-1-78074-108-6

Coningham, Robin; Young, Ruth (2015), The Archaeology of South Asia: From the Indus to Asoka, c.6500 BCE – 200 CE, Cambridge University Press, pp. 451–466, ISBN 978-1-316-41898-7

Coningham, Robin; Young, Ruth (2015), The Archaeology of South Asia: From the Indus to Asoka, c.6500 BCE – 200 CE, Cambridge University Press, p. 453, ISBN 978-1-316-41898-7

Dyson, Tim (2018), A Population History of India: From the First Modern People to the Present Day, Oxford University Press, pp. 16–17, ISBN 978-0-19-882905-8, Magadha power came to extend over the main cities and communication routes of the Ganges basin. Then, under Chandragupta Maurya (c.321–297 bce), and subsequently Ashoka his grandson, Pataliputra became the centre of the loose-knit Mauryan 'Empire' which during Ashoka's reign (c.268–232 bce) briefly had a presence throughout the main urban centres and arteries of the subcontinent, except for the extreme south.

Bronkhorst, Johannes; Flood, Gavin (July 2020). The Oxford History of Hinduism: Hindu Practice (in ஆங்கிலம்). Oxford University Press. p. 68. ISBN 978-0-19-873350-8.

Omvedt, Gail (18 August 2003). Buddhism in India: Challenging Brahmanism and Caste (in ஆங்கிலம்). SAGE Publications. p. 119. ISBN 978-0-7619-9664-4.

Dalrymple, William (2009-10-07). Nine Lives: In Search of the Sacred in Modern India (in ஆங்கிலம்). Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4088-0341-7. It was here, in the third century BC, that the first Emperor of India, Chandragupta Maurya, embraced the Jain religion and died through a self-imposed fast to the death,......

Keay, John (1981). India: A History (in ஆங்கிலம்). Open Road + Grove/Atlantic. pp. 85–86. ISBN 978-0-8021-9550-0.

Long, Jeffery D. (15 April 2020). Historical Dictionary of Hinduism (in ஆங்கிலம்). Rowman & Littlefield. p. 255. ISBN 978-1-5381-2294-5.

Boyce, Mary; Grenet, F. (January 1991). A History of Zoroastrianism, Zoroastrianism under Macedonian and Roman Rule (in ஆங்கிலம்). BRILL. p. 149. ISBN 978-90-04-29391-5.

Avari, Burjor (2007). India, the Ancient Past: A History of the Indian Sub-continent from C. 7000 BC to AD 1200 பரணிடப்பட்டது 23 நவம்பர் 2022 at the வந்தவழி இயந்திரம் Taylor & Francis. பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண் 0415356156. pp. 188-189.

Dyson, Tim (2018), A Population History of India: From the First Modern People to the Present Day, Oxford University Press, pp. 16–17, ISBN 978-0-19-882905-8 Quote: "Magadha power came to extend over the main cities and communication routes of the Ganges basin. Then, under Chandragupta Maurya (c.321–297 bce), and subsequently Ashoka his grandson, Pataliputra became the centre of the loose-knit Mauryan 'Empire' which during Ashoka's reign (c.268–232 bce) briefly had a presence throughout the main urban centres and arteries of the subcontinent, except for the extreme south."

Dyson, Tim (2018), A Population History of India: From the First Modern People to the Present Day, Oxford University Press, p. 24, ISBN 978-0-19-882905-8 Quote: "Yet Sumit Guha considers that 20 million is an upper limit. This is because the demographic growth experienced in core areas is likely to have been less than that experienced in areas that were more lightly settled in the early historic period. The position taken here is that the population in Mauryan times (320–220 BCE) was between 15 and 30 million—although it may have been a little more, or it may have been a little less."

Dyson, Tim (2018), A Population History of India: From the First Modern People to the Present Day, Oxford University Press, p. 19, ISBN 978-0-19-882905-8

Singh, Upinder (2008). A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century (in ஆங்கிலம்). Pearson Education India. ISBN 9788131716779.

தினேஷ்சந்திர சர்கார் (1968). "The Satavahanas and the Chedis". In ரமேஷ் சந்திர மஜும்தார் (ed.). The Age of Imperial Unity. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 215.

Sugandhi, Namita Sanjay (2008). Between the Patterns of History: Rethinking Mauryan Imperial Interaction in the Southern Deccan. pp. 88–89. ISBN 9780549744412.^{[தொடர்பிழந்த இணைப்பு]}

Chandragupta Maurya and His Times, Radhakumud Mookerji, Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 1966, p.26-27 Mookerji, Radhakumud (1966). Chandragupta Maurya and His Times. ISBN 9788120804050. Archived from the original on 27 நவம்பர் 2016. Retrieved 26 நவம்பர் 2016.

From Polis to Empire, the Ancient World, C. 800 B.C.-A.D. 500. Greenwood Publishing. 2002. ISBN 0313309426. Retrieved 16 August 2019.

Kistler, John M. (2007). War Elephants. University of Nebraska Press. p. 67. ISBN 978-0803260047. Retrieved 16 August 2019.

s, deepak (2016-10-25). Indian civilization (in ஆங்கிலம்). deepak shinde.

Chatterjee, Suhas (1998). Indian Civilization and Culture (in ஆங்கிலம்). M.D. Publications. ISBN 9788175330832.

Dikshitar, V. R. Ramachandra (1993). The Mauryan Polity (in ஆங்கிலம்). Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 9788120810235.

Motilal Banarsidass (1993). "The Minister Cāṇakya, from the Pariśiṣtaparvan of Hemacandra". In Phyllis Granoff (ed.). The Clever Adulteress and Other Stories: A Treasury of Jaina Literature. Translated by Rosalind Lefeber. pp. 204–206. ISBN 9788120811508.

William Woodthorpe Tarn (2010). The Greeks in Bactria and India. Cambridge University Press. p. 152. ISBN 9781108009416.

Mookerji Radhakumud (1962). Asoka. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 8. ISBN 978-81-208-0582-8. Archived from the original on 10 மே 2018.

Kashi Nath Upadhyaya (1997). Early Buddhism and the Bhagavadgita. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 33. ISBN 9788120808805.

Fitzedward Hall, ed. (1868). The Vishnu Purana. Vol. IV. Translated by H. H. Wilson. Trübner & Co. p. 188.

Kangle, R. P. (1986). A Study (in ஆங்கிலம்). Motilal Banarsidass Publ. ISBN 978-81-208-0041-0.

Gabriel A, Richard (30 November 2006). The Ancient World :Volume 1 of Soldiers' lives through history. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 28. ISBN 9780313333484.

Roger Boesche (2003). The First Great Political Realist: Kautilya and His Arthashastra. Lexington Books. pp. 67–70. ISBN 978-0-7391-0607-5.

Indian History (in ஆங்கிலம்). Allied Publishers. 1988. ISBN 9788184245684.

Ray, A. (2016). Towns and Cities of Medieval India: A Brief Survey. Taylor & Francis. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-351-99731-7.

S. M. Haldhar (2001). Buddhism in India and Sri Lanka (c. 300 BC to C. 600 AD). Om. p. 38. ISBN 9788186867532.

Beni Madhab Barua (1968). Asoka and His Inscriptions. Vol. 1. p. 171.

Dyson, Tim (2018), A Population History of India: From the First Modern People to the Present Day, Oxford University Press, p. 24, ISBN 978-0-19-882905-8 Quote: "Yet Sumit Guha considers that 20 million is an upper limit. This is because the demographic growth experienced in core areas is likely to have been less than that experienced in areas that were more lightly settled in the early historic period. The position taken here is that the population in Mauryan times (320–220 bce) was between 15 and 30 million—although it may have been a little more, or it may have been a little less."

Dyson, Tim (2018), A Population History of India: From the First Modern People to the Present Day, Oxford University Press, p. 19, ISBN 978-0-19-882905-8

Mookerji, Radhakumud (1966). Chandragupta Maurya and His Times (in ஆங்கிலம்). Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 16–17. ISBN 9788120804050.

Page 122: About the Masarh lion: "This particular example of a foreign model gets added support from the male heads of foreigners from Patna city and Sarnath since they also prove beyond doubt that a section of the elite in the Gangetic Basin was of foreign origin. However, as noted earlier, this is an example of the late Mauryan period since this is not the type adopted in any Ashoka pillar. We are, therefore, visualizing a historical situation in India in which the West Asian influence on Indian art was felt more in the late Mauryan than in the early Mauryan period. The term West Asia in this context stands for Iran and Afghanistan, where the Sakas and Pahlavas had their base-camps for eastward movement. The prelude to future inroads of the Indo-Bactrians in India had after all started in the second century B.C."... in Gupta, Swarajya Prakash (1980). The Roots of Indian Art: A Detailed Study of the Formative Period of Indian Art and Architecture, Third and Second Centuries B.C., Mauryan and Late Mauryan (in ஆங்கிலம்). B.R. Publishing Corporation. pp. 88, 122. ISBN 978-0-391-02172-3..

According to Gupta this is a non-Indian face of a foreigner with a conical hat: "If there are a few faces which are nonIndian, such as one head from Sarnath with conical cap ( Bachhofer, Vol . I, Pl . 13 ), they are due to the presence of the foreigners their costumes, tastes and liking for portrait art and not their art styles." in Gupta, Swarajya Prakash (1980). The Roots of Indian Art: A Detailed Study of the Formative Period of Indian Art and Architecture, Third and Second Centuries B.C., Mauryan and Late Mauryan (in ஆங்கிலம்). B.R. Publishing Corporation. p. 318. ISBN 978-0-391-02172-3.

forumromanum.org

:"He was of humble Indian to a change of rule." Justin XV.4.15 "Fuit hic humili quidem genere natus, sed ad regni potestatem maiestate numinis inpulsus. Quippe cum procacitate sua Nandrum regem offendisset, interfici a rege iussus salutem pedum ceieritate quaesierat. (Ex qua fatigatione cum somno captus iaceret, leo ingentis formae ad dormientem accessit sudoremque profluentem lingua ei detersit expergefactumque blande reliquit. Hoc prodigio primum ad spem regni inpulsus) contractis latronibus Indos ad nouitatem regni sollicitauit." Justin XV.4.15 பரணிடப்பட்டது 1 பெப்ரவரி 2016 at the வந்தவழி இயந்திரம்

"(Transitum deinde in Indiam fecit), quae post mortem Alexandri, ueluti ceruicibus iugo seruitutis excusso, praefectos eius occiderat. Auctor libertatis Sandrocottus fuerat, sed titulum libertatis post uictoriam in seruitutem uerterat; 14 siquidem occupato regno populum quem ab externa dominatione uindicauerat ipse seruitio premebat." Justin XV.4.12–13 பரணிடப்பட்டது 20 ஏப்ரல் 2017 at the வந்தவழி இயந்திரம்

"Molienti deinde bellum aduersus praefectos Alexandri elephantus ferus infinitae magnitudinis ultro se obtulit et ueluti domita mansuetudine eum tergo excepit duxque belli et proeliator insignis fuit. Sic adquisito regno Sandrocottus ea tempestate, qua Seleucus futurae magnitudinis fundamenta iaciebat, Indiam possidebat." Justin XV.4.19 பரணிடப்பட்டது 20 ஏப்ரல் 2017 at the வந்தவழி இயந்திரம்

tufts.edu

perseus.tufts.edu

:"Androcottus, when he was a stripling, saw Alexander himself, and we are told that he often said in later times that Alexander narrowly missed making himself master of the country, since its king was hated and despised on account of his baseness and low birth." Plutarch 62-3 Plutarch 62-3 பரணிடப்பட்டது 28 அக்டோபர் 2008 at the வந்தவழி இயந்திரம்

"Plutarch, Alexander, chapter 1, section 1". www.perseus.tufts.edu.

web.archive.org

Schwartzberg, Joseph E. A Historical Atlas of South Asia பரணிடப்பட்டது 26 சனவரி 2021 at the வந்தவழி இயந்திரம், 2nd ed. (University of Minnesota, 1992), Plate III.B.4b (p.18) and Plate XIV.1a-c (p.145)

Mookerji Radhakumud (1962). Asoka. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 8. ISBN 978-81-208-0582-8. Archived from the original on 10 மே 2018.

The Economic History of the Corporate Form in Ancient India. பரணிடப்பட்டது 4 பெப்ரவரி 2016 at the வந்தவழி இயந்திரம் மிச்சிகன் பல்கலைக்கழகம்.

CNG Coins பரணிடப்பட்டது 27 ஆகத்து 2017 at the வந்தவழி இயந்திரம்

Tukol, T. K. Jainism in South India. Archived from the original on 4 மார்ச் 2016.

"Appian, The Syrian Wars 11". Archived from the original on 3 நவம்பர் 2007.

"Pliny the Elder, The Natural History (eds. John Bostock, H. T. Riley)". Archived from the original on 28 July 2013.

Mahavamsa chapter XII பரணிடப்பட்டது 5 செப்டெம்பர் 2006 at the வந்தவழி இயந்திரம்

Megasthene-Indika

மௌரியப் பேரரசு (Tamil Wikipedia)

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