வலி (Tamil Wikipedia)

Woolf, CJ (2007). "Deconstructing pain: A deterministic dissection of the molecular basis of pain". In Coakley, S; Kaufman Shelemay, K (eds.). Pain and its transformations: the interface of biology and culture. Harvard University Press. p. 3. ISBN 0-673-02456-7. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help); External link in |last1= (help)

britannica.com

Petruzzello, Melissa (2016). "Do Plants Feel Pain?". Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 8 January 2023. Given that plants do not have pain receptors, nerves, or a brain, they do not feel pain as we members of the animal kingdom understand it. Uprooting a carrot or trimming a hedge is not a form of botanical torture, and you can bite into that apple without worry.

clevelandclinic.org

my.clevelandclinic.org

Cleveland Clinic, Health information

doi.org

dx.doi.org

Turk, DC; Dworkin, RH (2004). "What should be the core outcomes in chronic pain clinical trials?". Arthritis Research & Therapy 6 (4): 151–154. doi:10.1186/ar1196. பப்மெட்:15225358.
Breivik, H; Borchgrevink, PC; Allen, SM et al. (2008). "Assessment of pain". British journal of anaesthesia 101 (1): 17–24. doi:10.1093/bja/aen103. பப்மெட்:18487245. https://archive.org/details/sim_british-journal-of-anaesthesia_2008-07_101_1/page/17.
Woolf, CJ; Bennett, G; Doherty, M; Dubner, R; Kidd, B; Koltzenburg, M; Lipton, R et al. (1998). "Towards a mechanism-based classification of pain?". Pain 77: 227–229. doi:10.1016/S0304-3959(98)00099-2. பப்மெட்:9808347. https://archive.org/details/sim_pain_1998-08_77_2/page/n128.
Rupp, T; Delaney, KA (Apr 2004). "Inadequate analgesia in emergency medicine". Annals of emergency medicine 43 (4): 504–6. doi:doi:10.1016/ j.annemergmed.2003.11.019. பப்மெட்:15039693. https://secure.muhealth.org/~ed/students/articles/AEM_43_p0494.pdf.
Jacobson, PL; Mann, JD (2003). "Evolving role of the neurologist in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic noncancer pain". Mayo Clinic proceedings 78 (1): 80–4. doi:10.4065/78.1.80. பப்மெட்:12528880. http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.com/content/78/1/80.long.
Deandrea, S; Montanari, M; Moja, L (2008). "Prevalence of undertreatment in cancer pain: A review of published literature". Annals of oncology 19 (12): 1985–91. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdn419. பப்மெட்:18632721.
Taylor, BJ; Robbins, JM; Gold, JI et al. (2006). "Assessing postoperative pain in neonates: A multicenter observational study". Pediatrics 118 (4): e992–e1000. doi:10.1542/peds.2005-3203. பப்மெட்:17015519.
Green, GR; Anderson, KO; Baker, TA et al (2003). "The unequal burden of pain: Confronting racial and ethnic disparities in pain". Pain medicine 4 (3): 277–94. doi:10.1046/j.1526-4637.2003.03034.x. பப்மெட்:12974827. http://www.med.umich.edu/opm/newspage/2003/Sept%2003%20paper.pdf. பார்த்த நாள்: 2010-06-02.
Straube, S; Andrew Moore, R; Derry, S; McQuay, HJ (2009). "Vitamin D and chronic pain". Pain 141 (1): 10–13. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2008.11.010. பன்னாட்டுத் தர தொடர் எண்:0304-3959. பப்மெட்:19084336.
Elkins, G (2007). "Hypnotherapy for the management of chronic pain". International journal of clinical and experimental hypnosis 55 (3): 275–287. doi:10.1080/00207140701338621. பப்மெட்:17558718. https://archive.org/details/sim_international-journal-of-clinical-experimental-hypnosis_2007-07_55_3/page/275.
Nagasako, EM; Oaklander, AL; Dworkin, RH (Feb 2003). "Congenital insensitivity to pain: an update". Pain 101 (3): 213–9. doi:10.1016/S0304-3959(02)00482-7. பப்மெட்:12583863. https://archive.org/details/sim_pain_2003-02_101_3/page/213.
Ronald Melzack; Wall. PD (Nov 19 1965). ""Pain mechanisms: a new theory"". Science 150 (699): 971–979. doi:10.1126/science.150.3699.971. பப்மெட்:5320816.
Craig, AD (Bud) (2003). "Pain mechanisms: Labeled lines versus convergence in central processing". Annual review of neuroscience 26: 1–30. doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.26.041002.131022. பப்மெட்:12651967.
Romanelli P, Esposito V (2004). "The functional anatomy of neuropathic pain". Neurosurgery clinics of North America 15 (3): 257–68. doi:10.1016/j.nec.2004.02.010. பப்மெட்:15246335.
Vanderah TW (2007). "Pathophysiology of pain". Medical clinics of North America 91 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2006.10.006. பப்மெட்:17164100. https://archive.org/details/sim_medical-clinics-of-north-america_2007-01_91_1/page/1.
Inui, K; Tsuji, T; Kakigi, R (2006). "Temporal analysis of cortical mechanisms for pain relief by tactile stimuli in humans". Cerebral Cortex 16 (3): 355–365. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhi114. பப்மெட்:15901650. http://cercor.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/16/3/355.
Rollin drafted the 1985 Health Research Extension Act and an animal welfare amendment to the 1985 Food Security Act. See:
Rollin, BE (2007). "Animal research: a moral science. Talking point on the use of animals in scientific research". EMBO reports 8 (6): 521–525. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400996.
Abbott FV, Franklin KB, Westbrook RF (January 1995). "The formalin test: scoring properties of the first and second phases of the pain response in rats". Pain 60 (1): 91–102. doi:10.1016/0304-3959(94)00095-V. பன்னாட்டுத் தர தொடர் எண்:0304-3959. பப்மெட்:7715946. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0304-3959(94)00095-V.
Tracey, J., W. Daniel, R. I. Wilson, G. Laurent, and S. Benzer. 2003. painless , a Drosophila gene essential for nociception. Cell 113: 261-273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00272-1
Viñuela-Fernández I, Jones E, Welsh EM, Fleetwood-Walker SM (September 2007). "Pain mechanisms and their implication for the management of pain in farm and companion animals". Vet. J. 174 (2): 227–39. doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.02.002. பன்னாட்டுத் தர தொடர் எண்:1090-0233. பப்மெட்:17553712. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1090-0233(07)00067-6.
Draguhn, Andreas; Mallatt, Jon M.; Robinson, David G. (2021). "Anesthetics and plants: no pain, no brain, and therefore no consciousness". Protoplasma (Springer) 258 (2): 239–248. doi:10.1007/s00709-020-01550-9. 32880005. பப்மெட்:32880005.

elsevier.com

linkinghub.elsevier.com

Abbott FV, Franklin KB, Westbrook RF (January 1995). "The formalin test: scoring properties of the first and second phases of the pain response in rats". Pain 60 (1): 91–102. doi:10.1016/0304-3959(94)00095-V. பன்னாட்டுத் தர தொடர் எண்:0304-3959. பப்மெட்:7715946. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0304-3959(94)00095-V.
Viñuela-Fernández I, Jones E, Welsh EM, Fleetwood-Walker SM (September 2007). "Pain mechanisms and their implication for the management of pain in farm and companion animals". Vet. J. 174 (2): 227–39. doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.02.002. பன்னாட்டுத் தர தொடர் எண்:1090-0233. பப்மெட்:17553712. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1090-0233(07)00067-6.

fass.org

jas.fass.org

Allen C (1998) Assessing animal cognition: ethological and philosophical perspectives பரணிடப்பட்டது 2009-03-27 at the வந்தவழி இயந்திரம் J. Anim. Sci. volume 76 issue 1 pages 42–7 PubMed

google.com.au

books.google.com.au

Main, CJ; Spanswick, CC (2001). Pain management: an interdisciplinary approach. Elsevier. p. 93. ISBN 0-443-05683-8. Archived from the original on 2011-06-10. Retrieved 2010-06-02.
Thienhaus, O; Cole, BE (2002). "The classification of pain". In Weiner, RS (ed.). Pain management: A practical guide for clinicians. American Academy of Pain Management. p. 29. ISBN 0 8493 0926 3.

harvard.edu

hsci.harvard.edu

Woolf, CJ; Mannion, RJ (1999). "Neuropathic pain: aetiology, symptoms, mechanisms and management". The Lancet 353: 1959–1064. பப்மெட்:10371588. http://meagherlab.tamu.edu/M-Meagher/%20Health%20Psyc%20630/Readings%20630/Pain%20mech%20read/Woolf%20Lancet%2099.pdf. பார்த்த நாள்: 2010-06-02.
Woolf, CJ; Bennett, G; Doherty, M; Dubner, R; Kidd, B; Koltzenburg, M; Lipton, R et al. (1998). "Towards a mechanism-based classification of pain?". Pain 77: 227–229. doi:10.1016/S0304-3959(98)00099-2. பப்மெட்:9808347. https://archive.org/details/sim_pain_1998-08_77_2/page/n128.
Woolf, CJ (2007). "Deconstructing pain: A deterministic dissection of the molecular basis of pain". In Coakley, S; Kaufman Shelemay, K (eds.). Pain and its transformations: the interface of biology and culture. Harvard University Press. p. 3. ISBN 0-673-02456-7. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help); External link in |last1= (help)

iasp-pain.org

"IASP definition, full entry". Archived from the original on 12 மே 2008. Retrieved 6 October 2009. This often quoted definition was first formulated by an IASP Subcommittee on Taxonomy:
Bonica, JJ (1979). Pain 6 (3): 247–252. பன்னாட்டுத் தர தொடர் எண்:0304-3959. பப்மெட்:460931.
It is derived from Harold Merskey's 1964 definition: "An unpleasant experience that we primarily associate with tissue damage or describe in terms of tissue damage or both."
Merskey, H (1964). An Investigation of pain in psychological illness, DM Thesis. Oxford University.

jstor.org

links.jstor.org

Lockwood JA (1987) The Moral Standing of Insects and the Ethics of Extinction The Florida Entomologist , Volume 70, Number 1, pages 70–89

mayoclinicproceedings.com

Jacobson, PL; Mann, JD (2003). "Evolving role of the neurologist in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic noncancer pain". Mayo Clinic proceedings 78 (1): 80–4. doi:10.4065/78.1.80. பப்மெட்:12528880. http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.com/content/78/1/80.long.

moffitt.org

Perron, V; Schonwetter, RS (Jan-Feb 2001). "Assessment and management of pain in palliative care patients". Cancer Control 8 (1): 15–24. பப்மெட்:11176032. http://www.moffitt.org/CCJRoot/v8n1/pdf/15.pdf.

muhealth.org

secure.muhealth.org

Rupp, T; Delaney, KA (Apr 2004). "Inadequate analgesia in emergency medicine". Annals of emergency medicine 43 (4): 504–6. doi:doi:10.1016/ j.annemergmed.2003.11.019. பப்மெட்:15039693. https://secure.muhealth.org/~ed/students/articles/AEM_43_p0494.pdf.

nas.edu

dels.nas.edu

Smith, JA (1991). "A Question of Pain in Invertebrates". Institute for laboratory animal research journal 33 (1-2). http://dels.nas.edu/ilar_n/ilarjournal/33_1_2/V33_1_2Question.shtml. பார்த்த நாள்: 2010-06-02.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

"IASP definition, full entry". Archived from the original on 12 மே 2008. Retrieved 6 October 2009. This often quoted definition was first formulated by an IASP Subcommittee on Taxonomy:
Bonica, JJ (1979). Pain 6 (3): 247–252. பன்னாட்டுத் தர தொடர் எண்:0304-3959. பப்மெட்:460931.
It is derived from Harold Merskey's 1964 definition: "An unpleasant experience that we primarily associate with tissue damage or describe in terms of tissue damage or both."
Merskey, H (1964). An Investigation of pain in psychological illness, DM Thesis. Oxford University.
Woolf, CJ; Mannion, RJ (1999). "Neuropathic pain: aetiology, symptoms, mechanisms and management". The Lancet 353: 1959–1064. பப்மெட்:10371588. http://meagherlab.tamu.edu/M-Meagher/%20Health%20Psyc%20630/Readings%20630/Pain%20mech%20read/Woolf%20Lancet%2099.pdf. பார்த்த நாள்: 2010-06-02.
Turk, DC; Dworkin, RH (2004). "What should be the core outcomes in chronic pain clinical trials?". Arthritis Research & Therapy 6 (4): 151–154. doi:10.1186/ar1196. பப்மெட்:15225358.
Breivik, H; Borchgrevink, PC; Allen, SM et al. (2008). "Assessment of pain". British journal of anaesthesia 101 (1): 17–24. doi:10.1093/bja/aen103. பப்மெட்:18487245. https://archive.org/details/sim_british-journal-of-anaesthesia_2008-07_101_1/page/17.
Paice, JA (Jul-Aug 2003). "Mechanisms and management of neuropathic pain in cancer". Journal of supportive oncology 1 (2): 107–20. பப்மெட்:15352654. http://www.supportiveoncology.net/journal/articles/0102107.pdf. பார்த்த நாள்: 2010-06-02.
Woolf, CJ; Bennett, G; Doherty, M; Dubner, R; Kidd, B; Koltzenburg, M; Lipton, R et al. (1998). "Towards a mechanism-based classification of pain?". Pain 77: 227–229. doi:10.1016/S0304-3959(98)00099-2. பப்மெட்:9808347. https://archive.org/details/sim_pain_1998-08_77_2/page/n128.
Turk, DC; Rudy, TE (1988). "Toward an empirically derived taxonomy of chronic pain patients: integration of psychological assessment data". Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 56 (2): 233–8. பப்மெட்:3372831. https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-consulting-and-clinical-psychology_1988-04_56_2/page/233.
Panju, AA; Hemmelgarn, BR (1998). "The rational clinical examination. Is this patient having a myocardial infarction?". Journal of the American Medical Association 280 (14). பப்மெட்:9786377.
Slater, E; DeSanctis (1976). "The clinical recognition of dissecting aortic aneurysm". The American Journal of Medicine 60 (5): 625–33. பப்மெட்:1020750.
Prkachin, KM; Solomon, PE; Ross, J. (June 2007). "Underestimation of pain by health-care providers: towards a model of the process of inferring pain in others". Canadian journal of nursing research 39 (2): 88–106. பப்மெட்:17679587.
Brown, AK; Christo, PJ; Wu, CL (2004). "Strategies for postoperative pain management". Best practice & research: Clinical anaesthesiology 18 (4): 703–17. பப்மெட்:15460554.
Cullen, L; Titler, MG (2001). "Pain management in the culture of critical care". Critical care nursing clinics of North America 13 (2): 151–66. பப்மெட்:11866399. https://archive.org/details/sim_critical-care-nursing-clinics-of-north-america_2001-06_13_2/page/151.
Rupp, T; Delaney, KA (Apr 2004). "Inadequate analgesia in emergency medicine". Annals of emergency medicine 43 (4): 504–6. doi:doi:10.1016/ j.annemergmed.2003.11.019. பப்மெட்:15039693. https://secure.muhealth.org/~ed/students/articles/AEM_43_p0494.pdf.
Smith, GF; Toonen, TR (15 Apr 2007). "Primary care of the patient with cancer". American family physician 75 (8): 1207–14. பப்மெட்:17477104.
Jacobson, PL; Mann, JD (2003). "Evolving role of the neurologist in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic noncancer pain". Mayo Clinic proceedings 78 (1): 80–4. doi:10.4065/78.1.80. பப்மெட்:12528880. http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.com/content/78/1/80.long.
Deandrea, S; Montanari, M; Moja, L (2008). "Prevalence of undertreatment in cancer pain: A review of published literature". Annals of oncology 19 (12): 1985–91. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdn419. பப்மெட்:18632721.
Okuyama, T; Wang, XS; Akechi, T et al (2004). "Adequacy of cancer pain management in a japanese cancer hospital". Japanese journal f clinical oncology 34 (1): 37–42. பப்மெட்:15020661. http://jjco.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/34/1/37.pdf.
Perron, V; Schonwetter, RS (Jan-Feb 2001). "Assessment and management of pain in palliative care patients". Cancer Control 8 (1): 15–24. பப்மெட்:11176032. http://www.moffitt.org/CCJRoot/v8n1/pdf/15.pdf.
Taylor, BJ; Robbins, JM; Gold, JI et al. (2006). "Assessing postoperative pain in neonates: A multicenter observational study". Pediatrics 118 (4): e992–e1000. doi:10.1542/peds.2005-3203. பப்மெட்:17015519.
Cleeland, CS (1998). "Undertreatment of cancer pain in elderly patients". Journal of the American Medical Association 279 (23): 1914–5. பப்மெட்:9634265.
Green, GR; Anderson, KO; Baker, TA et al (2003). "The unequal burden of pain: Confronting racial and ethnic disparities in pain". Pain medicine 4 (3): 277–94. doi:10.1046/j.1526-4637.2003.03034.x. பப்மெட்:12974827. http://www.med.umich.edu/opm/newspage/2003/Sept%2003%20paper.pdf. பார்த்த நாள்: 2010-06-02.
Hoffmann, DE; Tarzian, AJ (2001). "The Girl Who Cried Pain: A Bias Against Women in the Treatment of Pain". Journal of law, medicine & ethics 29 (1): 13–27. பப்மெட்:11521267. http://www.painandthelaw.org/aslme_content/29-1/hoffmann.pdf. பார்த்த நாள்: 2010-06-02.
Astin, JA (20 May 1998). "Why patients use alternative medicine: Results of a national study". Journal of the American Medical Association 279 (19): 1548–1553. பப்மெட்:9605899.
Eisenberg, DM; Kessler, RC; Foster, C; Norlock, FE; Calkins, DR; Delbanco, TL (28 Jan 1993). "Unconventional medicine in the United States. Prevalence, costs, and patterns of use". New England Journal of Medicine 328 (4): 246–52. பப்மெட்:8418405.
Straube, S; Andrew Moore, R; Derry, S; McQuay, HJ (2009). "Vitamin D and chronic pain". Pain 141 (1): 10–13. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2008.11.010. பன்னாட்டுத் தர தொடர் எண்:0304-3959. பப்மெட்:19084336.
Elkins, G (2007). "Hypnotherapy for the management of chronic pain". International journal of clinical and experimental hypnosis 55 (3): 275–287. doi:10.1080/00207140701338621. பப்மெட்:17558718. https://archive.org/details/sim_international-journal-of-clinical-experimental-hypnosis_2007-07_55_3/page/275.
Nagasako, EM; Oaklander, AL; Dworkin, RH (Feb 2003). "Congenital insensitivity to pain: an update". Pain 101 (3): 213–9. doi:10.1016/S0304-3959(02)00482-7. பப்மெட்:12583863. https://archive.org/details/sim_pain_2003-02_101_3/page/213.
Ronald Melzack; Wall. PD (Nov 19 1965). ""Pain mechanisms: a new theory"". Science 150 (699): 971–979. doi:10.1126/science.150.3699.971. பப்மெட்:5320816.
Craig, AD (Bud) (2003). "Pain mechanisms: Labeled lines versus convergence in central processing". Annual review of neuroscience 26: 1–30. doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.26.041002.131022. பப்மெட்:12651967.
Craig, AD; Krout, K; Andrew, D (2001). "Quantitative response characteristics of thermoreceptive and nociceptive lamina I spinothalamic neurons in the cat". Journal of neurophysiology 86 (3): 1459–80. பப்மெட்:11535691. https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-neurophysiology_2001-09_86_3/page/1459.
Romanelli P, Esposito V (2004). "The functional anatomy of neuropathic pain". Neurosurgery clinics of North America 15 (3): 257–68. doi:10.1016/j.nec.2004.02.010. பப்மெட்:15246335.
Vanderah TW (2007). "Pathophysiology of pain". Medical clinics of North America 91 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2006.10.006. பப்மெட்:17164100. https://archive.org/details/sim_medical-clinics-of-north-america_2007-01_91_1/page/1.
Inui, K; Tsuji, T; Kakigi, R (2006). "Temporal analysis of cortical mechanisms for pain relief by tactile stimuli in humans". Cerebral Cortex 16 (3): 355–365. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhi114. பப்மெட்:15901650. http://cercor.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/16/3/355.
Griffin DR, Speck GB (2004) "New evidence of animal consciousness" Anim. Cogn. volume 7 issue 1 pages=5–18 PubMed
Allen C (1998) Assessing animal cognition: ethological and philosophical perspectives பரணிடப்பட்டது 2009-03-27 at the வந்தவழி இயந்திரம் J. Anim. Sci. volume 76 issue 1 pages 42–7 PubMed
Abbott FV, Franklin KB, Westbrook RF (January 1995). "The formalin test: scoring properties of the first and second phases of the pain response in rats". Pain 60 (1): 91–102. doi:10.1016/0304-3959(94)00095-V. பன்னாட்டுத் தர தொடர் எண்:0304-3959. பப்மெட்:7715946. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0304-3959(94)00095-V.
Viñuela-Fernández I, Jones E, Welsh EM, Fleetwood-Walker SM (September 2007). "Pain mechanisms and their implication for the management of pain in farm and companion animals". Vet. J. 174 (2): 227–39. doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.02.002. பன்னாட்டுத் தர தொடர் எண்:1090-0233. பப்மெட்:17553712. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1090-0233(07)00067-6.
Draguhn, Andreas; Mallatt, Jon M.; Robinson, David G. (2021). "Anesthetics and plants: no pain, no brain, and therefore no consciousness". Protoplasma (Springer) 258 (2): 239–248. doi:10.1007/s00709-020-01550-9. 32880005. பப்மெட்:32880005.

pubmedcentral.nih.gov

Turk, DC; Dworkin, RH (2004). "What should be the core outcomes in chronic pain clinical trials?". Arthritis Research & Therapy 6 (4): 151–154. doi:10.1186/ar1196. பப்மெட்:15225358.
Deandrea, S; Montanari, M; Moja, L (2008). "Prevalence of undertreatment in cancer pain: A review of published literature". Annals of oncology 19 (12): 1985–91. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdn419. பப்மெட்:18632721.
Draguhn, Andreas; Mallatt, Jon M.; Robinson, David G. (2021). "Anesthetics and plants: no pain, no brain, and therefore no consciousness". Protoplasma (Springer) 258 (2): 239–248. doi:10.1007/s00709-020-01550-9. 32880005. பப்மெட்:32880005.

nuffieldbioethics.org

Working party of the Nuffield Council on Bioethics (2005). The ethics of research involving animals (PDF). London: Nuffield Council on Bioethics. ISBN 1904384102. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 பிப்ரவரி 2008. Retrieved 12 January 2010. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |archivedate= (help)

oxfordjournals.org

jjco.oxfordjournals.org

Okuyama, T; Wang, XS; Akechi, T et al (2004). "Adequacy of cancer pain management in a japanese cancer hospital". Japanese journal f clinical oncology 34 (1): 37–42. பப்மெட்:15020661. http://jjco.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/34/1/37.pdf.

cercor.oxfordjournals.org

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