Thayer, John S. (2010). "Relativistic Effects and the Chemistry of the Heavier Main Group Elements". ใน Barysz, Maria; Ishikawa, Yasuyuki (บ.ก.). Relativistic Methods for Chemists. Challenges and Advances in Computational Chemistry and Physics. Vol. 10. Springer. pp. 63–67. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9975-5_2. ISBN978-1-4020-9974-8.
Thayer, John S. (2010). Relativistic Effects and the Chemistry of the Heavier Main Group Elements. Relativistic Methods for Chemists. Challenges and Advances in Computational Chemistry and Physics. Vol. 10. p. 82. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9975-5_2.