Shiji"Basic Annals of Zhou" quote: "釐王三年，齊桓公始霸。" translation: "In King Xi's third year, Duke Huan of Qi for the first time acted as Hegemon / Overlord."
Shiji, "Basic Annals of Zhou" translation: "十七年，襄王告急于晉，晉文公納王而誅叔帶。襄王乃賜晉文公珪鬯弓矢，為伯，以河內地與晉。" translation: "In the 17th year, King Xiang announced an emergency to (and asked for emergency help from) Jin, Duke Wen of Jin took the King in and slew Shudai. The King then bestowed upon Duke Wen a jade tablet, sacrificial wine, bow, and arrows, made him Hegemon / Overlord, and gave Jin lands on the inside of the Yellow River."
Zuozhuan"Duke Zhuang - 15th year - zhuan" quote: "十五年春，復會焉，齊始霸也。" translation based on Durrant, Li, & Schaberg (2016): "In the fifteenth year, in spring, they once again held a meeting there [i.e. at Juan 鄄]: Qi was for the first time acting as Overlord / Hegemon."
Zuo zhuan"Duke Xi - 28th year - zhuan". quote: "已酉，王享醴，命晉侯宥。王命尹氏及王子虎、內史叔興父策命晉侯為侯伯，……。" translation based on Durrant, Li, & Schaberg (2016): "On the jiyou day (12), the king offered ceremonial toasts and presented sweet wine, commanding the Marquis of Jin to offer toasts. The king commanded the Yin lineage's head, the Royal Prince Hu, and the court-scribe Shuxingfu to draw up a document on bamboo strips commanding the Marquis of Jin to act as Overlord / Hegemon of the Marquises. [...]"
