Niiya, Brian. (1993). Japanese American History: An A-to-Z Reference from 1868 to the Present, p. 143., p. 143, ที่กูเกิล หนังสือ, citing Betty S. Furuta, (1981). "Ethnic Identities of Japanese-American Families: Implications for Counseling," in Understanding the Family: Stress and Change in American Family Life (Cathleen Gerry and Winnifred Humphreys, eds.), pp. 200-231, 212.
business-standard.com
Arnold, Wayne. "Enduring the unendurable,"Business Standard (India). 15 มีนาคม 2011; excerpt, "Experience with crises has shaped the Japanese ethos of “gaman” — “enduring the unendurable”. Even after the March 11 disaster ...."
Jones, Clayton. "A nuclear meltdown in Japan? Not if these brave workers can help it,"Christian Science Monitor(US). 15 มีนาคม 2011; excerpt, "One noble trait that the Japanese admire is gaman. It is their word for the ability to persevere, endure, and overcome, with patience .... Japan may remember them for their gaman despite personal exposure to dangerous levels of radiation.
Mateo, Ibarra C. "Japanese show power of patience, stoic discipline amid triple crises,"Philippine Daily Inquirer, 27 มีนาคม 2011; excerpt, "Fueled by gaman ..., the workers did not abandon their posts even if it seemed suicidal to go on. They showed another Japanese trait: putting first their country, community and group over their individual concerns."
