จักรวรรดิพาร์เธีย (Thai Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "จักรวรรดิพาร์เธีย" in Thai language version.

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ancient.eu

archive.org

  • Fattah, Hala Mundhir (2009). A Brief History of Iraq. Infobase Publishing. p. 46. ISBN 978-0-8160-5767-2. One characteristic of the Parthians that the kings themselves maintained was their nomadic urge. The kings built or occupied numerous cities as their capitals, the most important being Ctesiphon on the Tigris River, which they built from the ancient town of Opis.
  • Chyet, Michael L. (1997). Afsaruddin, Asma; Krotkoff, Georg; Zahniser, A. H. Mathias (บ.ก.). Humanism, Culture, and Language in the Near East: Studies in Honor of Georg Krotkoff. Eisenbrauns. p. 284. ISBN 978-1-57506-020-0. In the Middle Persian period (Parthian and Sassanid Empires), Aramaic was the medium of everyday writing, and it provided scripts for writing Middle Persian, Parthian, Sogdian, and Khwarezmian.
  • Brosius, Maria (2006). The Persians. Routledge. p. 125. ISBN 978-0-203-06815-1. The Parthians and the peoples of the Parthian empire were polytheistic. Each ethnic group, each city, and each land or kingdom was able to adhere to its own gods, their respective cults and religious rituals. In Babylon the city-god Marduk continued to be the main deity alongside the goddesses Ishtar and Nanai, while Hatra's main god, the sun-god Shamash, was revered alongside a multiplicity of other gods.

britannica.com

  • "Parni people". Britannica. November 7, 2019. สืบค้นเมื่อ November 23, 2019.
  • "Battle of Carrhae". Britannica. สืบค้นเมื่อ November 23, 2019.

doi.org

  • Taagepera, Rein (1979). "Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D.". Social Science History. 3 (3/4): 121. doi:10.2307/1170959. JSTOR 1170959.

google.co.th

books.google.co.th

iranicaonline.org

  • Skjaervo, Prods Oktor. "IRAN vi. IRANIAN LANGUAGES AND SCRIPTS (2) Doc – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org (ภาษาอังกฤษ). Encyclopedia Iranica. เก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 17 พฤศจิกายน 2016. สืบค้นเมื่อ 8 กุมภาพันธ์ 2017. Parthian. This was the local language of the area east of the Caspian Sea and official language of the Parthian state (see ARSACIDS) and is known from inscriptions on stone and metal, including coins and seals, and from large archives of potsherd labels on wine jars from the Parthian capital of Nisa, as well as from the Manichean texts.

jstor.org

  • Taagepera, Rein (1979). "Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D.". Social Science History. 3 (3/4): 121. doi:10.2307/1170959. JSTOR 1170959.

livius.org

pitt.edu

jwsr.pitt.edu

  • Turchin, Peter; Adams, Jonathan M.; Hall, Thomas D (ธันวาคม 2006). "East-West Orientation of Historical Empires". Journal of World-systems Research. 12 (2): 223. ISSN 1076-156X. เก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 17 กันยายน 2016. สืบค้นเมื่อ 16 กันยายน 2016.

web.archive.org

  • Skjaervo, Prods Oktor. "IRAN vi. IRANIAN LANGUAGES AND SCRIPTS (2) Doc – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org (ภาษาอังกฤษ). Encyclopedia Iranica. เก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 17 พฤศจิกายน 2016. สืบค้นเมื่อ 8 กุมภาพันธ์ 2017. Parthian. This was the local language of the area east of the Caspian Sea and official language of the Parthian state (see ARSACIDS) and is known from inscriptions on stone and metal, including coins and seals, and from large archives of potsherd labels on wine jars from the Parthian capital of Nisa, as well as from the Manichean texts.
  • Turchin, Peter; Adams, Jonathan M.; Hall, Thomas D (ธันวาคม 2006). "East-West Orientation of Historical Empires". Journal of World-systems Research. 12 (2): 223. ISSN 1076-156X. เก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 17 กันยายน 2016. สืบค้นเมื่อ 16 กันยายน 2016.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

  • Turchin, Peter; Adams, Jonathan M.; Hall, Thomas D (ธันวาคม 2006). "East-West Orientation of Historical Empires". Journal of World-systems Research. 12 (2): 223. ISSN 1076-156X. เก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 17 กันยายน 2016. สืบค้นเมื่อ 16 กันยายน 2016.