Taagepera, Rein (1979). "Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D". Social Science History. Duke University Press. 3 (3/4): 125. doi:10.2307/1170959. JSTOR1170959.
Taagepera, Rein (1979). "Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D". Social Science History. Duke University Press. 3 (3/4): 125. doi:10.2307/1170959. JSTOR1170959.
Ozgen, Korkut. "Mehmet II". TheOttomans.org. สืบค้นเมื่อ 3 April 2007.; Cartwright, Mark (23 January 2018). "1453: The Fall of Constantinople". World History Encyclopedia. World History Encyclopedia Limited. สืบค้นเมื่อ 11 February 2020.
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Dio Cassius 72.36.4, Loeb edition translated E. Cary
Ozgen, Korkut. "Mehmet II". TheOttomans.org. สืบค้นเมื่อ 3 April 2007.; Cartwright, Mark (23 January 2018). "1453: The Fall of Constantinople". World History Encyclopedia. World History Encyclopedia Limited. สืบค้นเมื่อ 11 February 2020.