Kim, BS; Li, BT; Engel, A; Samra, JS; Clarke, S; Norton, ID; Li, AE (15 November 2014). "Diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding: A practical guide for clinicians". World journal of gastrointestinal pathophysiology. 5 (4): 467–78. doi:10.4291/wjgp.v5.i4.467. PMID25400991.
van Leerdam, ME (2008). "Epidemiology of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding". Best practice & research. Clinical gastroenterology. 22 (2): 209–24. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2007.10.011. PMID18346679.
Jairath, V; Barkun, AN (October 2011). "The overall approach to the management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding". Gastrointestinal endoscopy clinics of North America. 21 (4): 657–70. doi:10.1016/j.giec.2011.07.001. PMID21944416.
Chavez-Tapia, NC; Barrientos-Gutierrez, T; Tellez-Avila, F; Soares-Weiser, K; Mendez-Sanchez, N; Gluud, C; Uribe, M (September 2011). "Meta-analysis: antibiotic prophylaxis for cirrhotic patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding – an updated Cochrane review". Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics. 34 (5): 509–18. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04746.x. PMID21707680.
Leontiadis, GI; Sreedharan, A; Dorward, S; Barton, P; Delaney, B; Howden, CW; Orhewere, M; Gisbert, J; Sharma, VK; Rostom, A; Moayyedi, P; Forman, D (December 2007). "Systematic reviews of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of proton pump inhibitors in acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding". Health technology assessment (Winchester, England). 11 (51): iii–iv, 1–164. doi:10.3310/hta11510. PMID18021578.
Wang, J; Bao, YX; Bai, M; Zhang, YG; Xu, WD; Qi, XS (28 October 2013). "Restrictive vs liberal transfusion for upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". World journal of gastroenterology : WJG. 19 (40): 6919–27. doi:10.3748/wjg.v19.i40.6919. PMID24187470.
Jairath, V; Hearnshaw, S; Brunskill, SJ; Doree, C; Hopewell, S; Hyde, C; Travis, S; Murphy, MF (2010-09-08). Jairath, Vipul (บ.ก.). "Red cell transfusion for the management of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage". Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online) (9): CD006613. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006613.pub3. PMID20824851.
Salpeter, SR; Buckley, JS; Chatterjee, S (February 2014). "Impact of more restrictive blood transfusion strategies on clinical outcomes: a meta-analysis and systematic review". The American Journal of Medicine. 127 (2): 124–131.e3. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2013.09.017. PMID24331453.
Cat, TB; Liu-DeRyke, X (September 2010). "Medical management of variceal hemorrhage". Critical care nursing clinics of North America. 22 (3): 381–93. doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2010.02.004. PMID20691388.
Kim, BS; Li, BT; Engel, A; Samra, JS; Clarke, S; Norton, ID; Li, AE (15 November 2014). "Diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding: A practical guide for clinicians". World journal of gastrointestinal pathophysiology. 5 (4): 467–78. doi:10.4291/wjgp.v5.i4.467. PMID25400991.
van Leerdam, ME (2008). "Epidemiology of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding". Best practice & research. Clinical gastroenterology. 22 (2): 209–24. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2007.10.011. PMID18346679.
Jairath, V; Barkun, AN (October 2011). "The overall approach to the management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding". Gastrointestinal endoscopy clinics of North America. 21 (4): 657–70. doi:10.1016/j.giec.2011.07.001. PMID21944416.
Chavez-Tapia, NC; Barrientos-Gutierrez, T; Tellez-Avila, F; Soares-Weiser, K; Mendez-Sanchez, N; Gluud, C; Uribe, M (September 2011). "Meta-analysis: antibiotic prophylaxis for cirrhotic patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding – an updated Cochrane review". Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics. 34 (5): 509–18. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04746.x. PMID21707680.
Leontiadis, GI; Sreedharan, A; Dorward, S; Barton, P; Delaney, B; Howden, CW; Orhewere, M; Gisbert, J; Sharma, VK; Rostom, A; Moayyedi, P; Forman, D (December 2007). "Systematic reviews of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of proton pump inhibitors in acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding". Health technology assessment (Winchester, England). 11 (51): iii–iv, 1–164. doi:10.3310/hta11510. PMID18021578.
Wang, J; Bao, YX; Bai, M; Zhang, YG; Xu, WD; Qi, XS (28 October 2013). "Restrictive vs liberal transfusion for upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". World journal of gastroenterology : WJG. 19 (40): 6919–27. doi:10.3748/wjg.v19.i40.6919. PMID24187470.
Jairath, V; Hearnshaw, S; Brunskill, SJ; Doree, C; Hopewell, S; Hyde, C; Travis, S; Murphy, MF (2010-09-08). Jairath, Vipul (บ.ก.). "Red cell transfusion for the management of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage". Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online) (9): CD006613. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006613.pub3. PMID20824851.
Salpeter, SR; Buckley, JS; Chatterjee, S (February 2014). "Impact of more restrictive blood transfusion strategies on clinical outcomes: a meta-analysis and systematic review". The American Journal of Medicine. 127 (2): 124–131.e3. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2013.09.017. PMID24331453.
Cat, TB; Liu-DeRyke, X (September 2010). "Medical management of variceal hemorrhage". Critical care nursing clinics of North America. 22 (3): 381–93. doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2010.02.004. PMID20691388.
