Spaulding 1990, pp. 283–292. Spaulding, Jay (1990). "The Old Shaiqi Language in Historical Perspective". History in Africa. Cambridge University. 17: 283–292. doi:10.2307/3171817. JSTOR3171817.
Spaulding 1990, pp. 283–292. Spaulding, Jay (1990). "The Old Shaiqi Language in Historical Perspective". History in Africa. Cambridge University. 17: 283–292. doi:10.2307/3171817. JSTOR3171817.
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Spaulding 2006, p. 409. Spaulding, Jay (2006). "Pastoralism, Slavery, Commerce, Culture and the Fate of the Nubians of Northern and Central Kordofan Under Dar Fur Rule, ca. 1750-ca. 1850". The International Journal of African Historical Studies. Boston University African Studies Center. 39 (3). ISSN0361-7882.