Kawata, K. (2001). "Zoological gardens of Japan". ใน Kisling, V.N. (บ.ก.). Zoo and Aquarium History : Ancient Animal Collections to Zoological Gardens. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. pp. 295–329. ISBN978-0-8493-2100-9.
Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern Cat Specialist Group (2002). Panthera pardus. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 12 May 2006.