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Richards, Christopher M.; Volk, Gayle M.; Reilley, Ann A.; Henk, Adam D.; Lockwood, Dale R.; และคณะ (2009). "Genetic diversity and population structure in Malus sieversii, a wild progenitor species of domesticated apple". Tree Genetics & Genomes. 5 (2): 339–347. doi:10.1007/s11295-008-0190-9. S2CID19847067.
Coart, E.; Van Glabeke, S.; De Loose, M.; Larsen, A.S.; Roldán-Ruiz, I. (2006). "Chloroplast diversity in the genus Malus: new insights into the relationship between the European wild apple (Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill.) and the domesticated apple (Malus domestica Borkh.)". Mol. Ecol. 15 (8): 2171–2182. Bibcode:2006MolEc..15.2171C. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294x.2006.02924.x. PMID16780433. S2CID31481730.
Schlumbaum, Angela; van Glabeke, Sabine; Roldan-Ruiz, Isabel (January 2012). "Towards the onset of fruit tree growing north of the Alps: Ancient DNA from waterlogged apple (Malus sp.) seed fragments". Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger (ภาษาอังกฤษ). 194 (1): 157–162. doi:10.1016/j.aanat.2011.03.004. PMID21501956.
Coart, E.; Van Glabeke, S.; De Loose, M.; Larsen, A.S.; Roldán-Ruiz, I. (2006). "Chloroplast diversity in the genus Malus: new insights into the relationship between the European wild apple (Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill.) and the domesticated apple (Malus domestica Borkh.)". Mol. Ecol. 15 (8): 2171–2182. Bibcode:2006MolEc..15.2171C. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294x.2006.02924.x. PMID16780433. S2CID31481730.
Parker, M.L. (September 1993). "Apple Rootstocks and Tree Spacing". North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service (ภาษาอังกฤษ). คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 11 September 2013. สืบค้นเมื่อ 1 September 2013.
Coart, E.; Van Glabeke, S.; De Loose, M.; Larsen, A.S.; Roldán-Ruiz, I. (2006). "Chloroplast diversity in the genus Malus: new insights into the relationship between the European wild apple (Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill.) and the domesticated apple (Malus domestica Borkh.)". Mol. Ecol. 15 (8): 2171–2182. Bibcode:2006MolEc..15.2171C. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294x.2006.02924.x. PMID16780433. S2CID31481730.
Schlumbaum, Angela; van Glabeke, Sabine; Roldan-Ruiz, Isabel (January 2012). "Towards the onset of fruit tree growing north of the Alps: Ancient DNA from waterlogged apple (Malus sp.) seed fragments". Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger (ภาษาอังกฤษ). 194 (1): 157–162. doi:10.1016/j.aanat.2011.03.004. PMID21501956.
Richards, Christopher M.; Volk, Gayle M.; Reilley, Ann A.; Henk, Adam D.; Lockwood, Dale R.; และคณะ (2009). "Genetic diversity and population structure in Malus sieversii, a wild progenitor species of domesticated apple". Tree Genetics & Genomes. 5 (2): 339–347. doi:10.1007/s11295-008-0190-9. S2CID19847067.
Coart, E.; Van Glabeke, S.; De Loose, M.; Larsen, A.S.; Roldán-Ruiz, I. (2006). "Chloroplast diversity in the genus Malus: new insights into the relationship between the European wild apple (Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill.) and the domesticated apple (Malus domestica Borkh.)". Mol. Ecol. 15 (8): 2171–2182. Bibcode:2006MolEc..15.2171C. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294x.2006.02924.x. PMID16780433. S2CID31481730.
Kolattukudy, P. E. (2013) [May 1984]. "Natural Waxes on Fruits". Postharvest Information Network (ภาษาอังกฤษ). Washington State University Tree Fruit Research & Extension Center. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 24 May 2013. สืบค้นเมื่อ 14 June 2013.
Parker, M.L. (September 1993). "Apple Rootstocks and Tree Spacing". North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service (ภาษาอังกฤษ). คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 11 September 2013. สืบค้นเมื่อ 1 September 2013.
Polomski, Bob; Reighard, Greg. "Apple HGIC 1350". Home & Garden Information Center. Clemson University. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 28 February 2008. สืบค้นเมื่อ 22 January 2008.
Ferree, David Curtis; Warrington, Ian J. (2003). Apples: Botany, Production, and Uses (ภาษาอังกฤษ). New York: Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International. pp. 33–35. ISBN978-0851995922. OCLC133167834.
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Kolattukudy, P. E. (2013) [May 1984]. "Natural Waxes on Fruits". Postharvest Information Network (ภาษาอังกฤษ). Washington State University Tree Fruit Research & Extension Center. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 24 May 2013. สืบค้นเมื่อ 14 June 2013.