Biyoloji (Turkish Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Biyoloji" in Turkish language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank Turkish rank

55archive.org

6^th place

53doi.org

2^nd place

4^th place

52web.archive.org

1^st place

43nih.gov

4^th place

11^th place

16harvard.edu

18^th place

47^th place

8books.google.com

3^rd place

5^th place

7worldcat.org

5^th place

8^th place

5nature.com

234^th place

284^th place

3jstor.org

26^th place

90^th place

2tufts.edu

155^th place

167^th place

2nasa.gov

75^th place

98^th place

2nationalgeographic.com

344^th place

295^th place

1txstate.edu

7,869^th place

low place

1arxiv.org

69^th place

232^nd place

1etimolojiturkce.com

low place

417^th place

1wikisource.org

27^th place

113^th place

1darwin-online.org.uk

2,821^st place

2,830^th place

1loc.gov

70^th place

139^th place

1bbc.co.uk

8^th place

25^th place

1phschool.com

low place

1thoughtco.com

1,430^th place

785^th place

1etymonline.com

287^th place

193^rd place

1openstax.org

6,581^st place

4,778^th place

1medterms.com

8,430^th place

6,781^st place

1naturalhistorymag.com

low place

1nas.edu

low place

1joelvelasco.net

low place

1sciencedirect.com

149^th place

154^th place

1academia.edu

121^st place

39^th place

1stratigraphy.org

2,562^nd place

1,012^th place

1paleo.ru

low place

1niu.edu

5,325^th place

7,473^rd place

1csupomona.edu

low place

1nmnaturalhistory.org

low place

1geosociety.org

low place

5,416^th place

1zenodo.org

621^st place

1,465^th place

1escholarship.org

1,523^rd place

903^rd place

1basicbiology.net

low place

1handle.net

102^nd place

447^th place

1ghostarchive.org

32^nd place

292^nd place

1nytimes.com

7^th place

36^th place

1ictv.global

7,012^th place

low place

1biology-online.org

low place

1oxforddictionaries.com

710^th place

490^th place

1cengage.com

low place

1michaelsoule.com

low place

1millenniumassessment.org

low place

academia.edu

Montévil, M; Mossio, M; Pocheville, A; Longo, G (October 2016). "Theoretical principles for biology: Variation". Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology. From the Century of the Genome to the Century of the Organism: New Theoretical Approaches. 122 (1): 36-50. doi:10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2016.08.005. PMID 27530930. 20 Mart 2018 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi.

archive.org

Urry, Lisa; Cain, Michael; Wasserman, Steven; Minorsky, Peter; Reece, Jane (2017). "Evolution, the themes of biology, and scientific inquiry". Campbell Biology (11. bas.). New York: Pearson. ss. 2-26. ISBN 978-0134093413.
Freeman, Scott; Quillin, Kim; Allison, Lizabeth; Black, Michael; Podgorski, Greg; Taylor, Emily; Carmichael, Jeff (2017). "Biology and the three of life". Biological Science (6. bas.). Hoboken, N.J.: Pearson. ss. 1-18. ISBN 978-0321976499.
Lindberg, David C. (2007). "Science before the Greeks". The beginnings of Western science: the European Scientific tradition in philosophical, religious, and institutional context (Second bas.). Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ss. 1-20. ISBN 978-0-226-48205-7.
Grant, Edward (2007). "Ancient Egypt to Plato". A History of Natural Philosophy: From the Ancient World to the Nineteenth Century (First bas.). New York, New York: Cambridge University Press. ss. 1-26. ISBN 978-052-1-68957-1.
Sapp, Jan (2003). "7". Genesis: The Evolution of Biology. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-515618-8.
Coleman, William (1977). Biology in the Nineteenth Century: Problems of Form, Function, and Transformation. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-29293-1.
Henig (2000). Op. cit. ss. 134-138.
Urry, Lisa; Cain, Michael; Wasserman, Steven; Minorsky, Peter; Reece, Jane (2017). "The chemical context of life". Campbell Biology (11. bas.). New York: Pearson. ss. 28-43. ISBN 978-0134093413.
Freeman, Scott; Quillin, Kim; Allison, Lizabeth; Black, Michael; Podgorski, Greg; Taylor, Emily; Carmichael, Jeff (2017). "Water and carbon: The chemical basis of life". Biological Science (6. bas.). Hoboken, N.J.: Pearson. ss. 55-77. ISBN 978-0321976499.
Urry, Lisa; Cain, Michael; Wasserman, Steven; Minorsky, Peter; Reece, Jane (2017). "Carbon and the molecular diversity of life". Campbell Biology (11. bas.). New York: Pearson. ss. 56-65. ISBN 978-0134093413.
Hillis, David M.; Sadava, David; Hill, Richard W.; Price, Mary V. (2014). "Carbon and molecular diversity of life". Principles of Life (2. bas.). Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates. ss. 56-65. ISBN 978-1464175121.
Freeman, Scott; Quillin, Kim; Allison, Lizabeth; Black, Michael; Podgorski, Greg; Taylor, Emily; Carmichael, Jeff (2017). "Protein structure and function". Biological Science (6. bas.). Hoboken, N.J.: Pearson. ss. 78-92. ISBN 978-0321976499.
Urry, Lisa; Cain, Michael; Wasserman, Steven; Minorsky, Peter; Reece, Jane (2017). "The structure and function of large biological molecules". Campbell Biology (11. bas.). New York: Pearson. ss. 66-92. ISBN 978-0134093413.
Freeman, Scott; Quillin, Kim; Allison, Lizabeth; Black, Michael; Podgorski, Greg; Taylor, Emily; Carmichael, Jeff (2017). "An introduction to carbohydrate". Biological Science (6. bas.). Hoboken, N.J.: Pearson. ss. 107-118. ISBN 978-0321976499.
Freeman, Scott; Quillin, Kim; Allison, Lizabeth; Black, Michael; Podgorski, Greg; Taylor, Emily; Carmichael, Jeff (2017). "Lipids, membranes, and the first cells". Biological Science (6. bas.). Hoboken, N.J.: Pearson. ss. 119-141. ISBN 978-0321976499.
Freeman, Scott; Quillin, Kim; Allison, Lizabeth; Black, Michael; Podgorski, Greg; Taylor, Emily; Carmichael, Jeff (2017). "Nucleic acids and the RNA world". Biological Science (6. bas.). Hoboken, N.J.: Pearson. ss. 93-106. ISBN 978-0321976499.
Urry, Lisa; Cain, Michael; Wasserman, Steven; Minorsky, Peter; Reece, Jane (2017). "Membrane structure and function". Campbell Biology (11. bas.). New York: Pearson. ss. 126-142. ISBN 978-0134093413.
Hillis, David M.; Sadava, David; Hill, Richard W.; Price, Mary V. (2014). "Cells: The working units of life". Principles of Life (2. bas.). Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates. ss. 60-81. ISBN 978-1464175121.
Reece, J.; Urry, L.; Cain, M. (2011). Biology (International bas.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education. ss. 235, 244. ISBN 978-0-321-73975-9. This initial incorporation of carbon into organic compounds is known as carbon fixation.
Hillis, David M.; Sadava, David; Hill, Richard W.; Price, Mary V. (2014). "Cell membranes and signaling". Principles of Life (2. bas.). Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates. ss. 82-104. ISBN 978-1464175121.
Martin, E. A.; Hine, R. (2020). A dictionary of biology (6. bas.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199204625. OCLC 176818780.
Griffiths, A. J. (2012). Introduction to genetic analysis (10. bas.). New York: W.H. Freeman. ISBN 9781429229432. OCLC 698085201.
Freeman, Scott; Quillin, Kim; Allison, Lizabeth; Black, Michael; Podgorski, Greg; Taylor, Emily; Carmichael, Jeff (2017). "Meiosis". Biological Science (6. bas.). Hoboken, New Jersey: Pearson. ss. 271-289. ISBN 978-0321976499.
Griffiths, Anthony J.; Wessler, Susan R.; Carroll, Sean B.; Doebley, John (2015). "The genetics revolution". An Introduction to Genetic Analysis (11. bas.). Sunderland, Massachusetts: W.H. Freeman & Company. ss. 1-30. ISBN 978-1464109485.
Hartl, D.; Jones, E (2005). Genetics: Analysis of Genes and Genomes (6. bas.). Jones & Bartlett. ISBN 978-0-7637-1511-3.
Hillis, David M.; Sadava, David; Hill, Richard W.; Price, Mary V. (2014). "DNA and its role in heredity". Principles of Life (2. bas.). Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates. ss. 172-193. ISBN 978-1464175121.
Russell, Peter (2001). iGenetics. New York: Benjamin Cummings. ISBN 0-8053-4553-1.
Hillis, David M.; Sadava, David; Hill, Richard W.; Price, Mary V. (2014). "Regulation of gene expression". Principles of Life (2. bas.). Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates. ss. 215-233. ISBN 978-1464175121.
Hillis, David M.; Sadava, David; Hill, Richard W.; Price, Mary V. (2014). "Genes, development, and evolution". Principles of Life (2. bas.). Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates. ss. 273-298. ISBN 978-1464175121.
Urry, Lisa; Cain, Michael; Wasserman, Steven; Minorsky, Peter; Reece, Jane (2017). "Descent with modifications: A Darwinian view of life". Campbell Biology (11. bas.). New York: Pearson. ss. 466-483. ISBN 978-0134093413.
Hillis, David M.; Sadava, David; Hill, Richard W.; Price, Mary V. (2014). "Processes of evolution". Principles of Life (2. bas.). Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates. ss. 299-324. ISBN 978-1464175121.
Hillis, David M.; Sadava, David; Hill, Richard W.; Price, Mary V. (2014). "Speciation". Principles of Life (2. bas.). Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates. ss. 343-356. ISBN 978-1464175121.
Hillis, David M.; Sadava, David; Hill, Richard W.; Price, Mary V. (2014). "Reconstructing and using phylogenies". Principles of Life (2. bas.). Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates. ss. 325-342. ISBN 978-1464175121.
De Duve, Christian (2002). Life Evolving: Molecules, Mind, and Meaning. New York: Oxford University Press. s. 44. ISBN 978-0-19-515605-8.
Hillis, David M.; Sadava, David; Hill, Richard W.; Price, Mary V. (2014). "The history of life on Earth". Principles of Life (2. bas.). Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates. ss. 357-376. ISBN 978-1464175121.
Futuyma, DJ (2005). Evolution. Sinauer Associates. ISBN 978-0-87893-187-3. OCLC 57311264.
Rosing, Minik T. (29 Ocak 1999). "¹³C-Depleted Carbon Microparticles in >3700-Ma Sea-Floor Sedimentary Rocks from West Greenland". Science. 283 (5402): 674-676. Bibcode:1999Sci...283..674R. doi:10.1126/science.283.5402.674. PMID 9924024.
Strother, Paul K.; Battison, Leila; Brasier, Martin D.; Wellman, Charles H. (26 Mayıs 2011). "Earth's earliest non-marine eukaryotes". Nature. 473 (7348): 505-509. Bibcode:2011Natur.473..505S. doi:10.1038/nature09943. PMID 21490597.
Hillis, David M.; Sadava, David; Hill, Richard W.; Price, Mary V. (2014). "The origin and diversification of eukaryotes". Principles of Life (2. bas.). Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates. ss. 402-419. ISBN 978-1464175121.
Hillis, David M.; Sadava, David; Hill, Richard W.; Price, Mary V. (2014). "The evolution of plants". Principles of Life (2. bas.). Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates. ss. 420-449. ISBN 978-1464175121.
Hillis, David M.; Sadava, David; Hill, Richard W.; Price, Mary V. (2014). "The evolution and diversity of fungi". Principles of Life (2. bas.). Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates. ss. 451-468. ISBN 978-1464175121.
Hillis, David M.; Sadava, David; Hill, Richard W.; Price, Mary V. (2014). "Animal origins and diversity". Principles of Life (2. bas.). Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates. ss. 469-519. ISBN 978-1464175121.
Rybicki, E. P. (1990). "The classification of organisms at the edge of life, or problems with virus systematics". South African Journal of Science. 86: 182-86.
Begon, M; Townsend, CR; Harper, JL (2006). Ecology: From individuals to ecosystems (4. bas.). Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-4051-1117-1.
Hillis, David M.; Sadava, David; Hill, Richard W.; Price, Mary V. (2014). "The distribution of Earth's ecological systems". Principles of Life (2. bas.). Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates. ss. 845-863. ISBN 978-1464175121.
Odum, Eugene P (1971). Fundamentals of Ecology (third bas.). New York: Saunders. ISBN 978-0-534-42066-6.
Hillis, David M.; Sadava, David; Hill, Richard W.; Price, Mary V. (2014). "Populations". Principles of Life (2. bas.). Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates. ss. 864-897. ISBN 978-1464175121.
Urry, Lisa; Cain, Michael; Wasserman, Steven; Minorsky, Peter; Reece, Jane (2017). "Population ecology". Campbell Biology (11. bas.). New York: Pearson. ss. 1188-1211. ISBN 978-0134093413.
Hillis, David M.; Sadava, David; Hill, Richard W.; Price, Mary V. (2014). "Ecological and evolutionary consequences within and among species". Principles of Life (2. bas.). Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates. ss. 882-897. ISBN 978-1464175121.
Smith, AL (1997). Oxford dictionary of biochemistry and molecular biology. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press. s. 508. ISBN 978-0-19-854768-6. Photosynthesis – the synthesis by organisms of organic chemical compounds, esp. carbohydrates, from carbon dioxide using energy obtained from light rather than the oxidation of chemical compounds.
Hillis, David M.; Sadava, David; Hill, Richard W.; Price, Mary V. (2014). "Ecological communities". Principles of Life (2. bas.). Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates. ss. 898-915. ISBN 978-1464175121.
Hillis, David M.; Sadava, David; Hill, Richard W.; Price, Mary V. (2014). "The distribution of Earth's ecological systems". Principles of Life (2. bas.). Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates. ss. 916-934. ISBN 978-1464175121.
Soulé, Michael E.; Wilcox, Bruce A. (1980). Conservation biology: an evolutionary-ecological perspective. Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates. ISBN 978-0-87893-800-1.
Hunter, Malcolm L. (1996). Fundamentals of conservation biology. Oxford: Blackwell Science. ISBN 978-0-86542-371-8.
Meffe, Gary K.; Martha J. Groom (2006). Principles of conservation biology (3. bas.). Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates. ISBN 978-0-87893-518-5.

arxiv.org

Pearce, Ben K.D.; Tupper, Andrew S.; Pudritz, Ralph E.; Higgs, Paul G. (1 Mart 2018). "Constraining the Time Interval for the Origin of Life on Earth". Astrobiology. 18 (3): 343-364. arXiv:1808.09460 $2. Bibcode:2018AsBio..18..343P. doi:10.1089/ast.2017.1674. PMID 29570409.

basicbiology.net

"Archaea Basic Biology". March 2018. 28 Nisan 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 14 Mayıs 2021.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

Noble, Ivan (14 Nisan 2003). "Human genome finally complete". BBC News. 14 Haziran 2006 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Temmuz 2006.

biology-online.org

"Population". Biology Online. 13 Nisan 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 5 Aralık 2012.

books.google.com

Magner, Lois N. (2002). A History of the Life Sciences, Revised and Expanded. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-203-91100-6. 24 Mart 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi.
Serafini, Anthony (2013). The Epic History of Biology. ISBN 978-1-4899-6327-7. 15 Nisan 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 14 Temmuz 2015.
Magner, Lois N. (2002). A History of the Life Sciences, Revised and Expanded. CRC Press. ss. 133-44. ISBN 978-0-203-91100-6. 24 Mart 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi.
Larson, Edward J. (2006). "Ch. 3". Evolution: The Remarkable History of a Scientific Theory. Random House Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-58836-538-5. 24 Mart 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi.
Atala, Anthony; Lanza, Robert (31 Aralık 2012). Handbook of Stem Cells (İngilizce). Academic Press. s. 452. ISBN 978-0-12-385943-3. 12 Nisan 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 28 Mayıs 2021.
Hall, Brian K.; Hallgrímsson, Benedikt (6 Aralık 2007). Strickberger's Evolution. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. ss. 4-6. ISBN 978-1-4496-4722-3. 26 Mart 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 20 Mart 2023.
Habitats of the world. New York: Marshall Cavendish. 2004. s. 238. ISBN 978-0-7614-7523-1. 15 Nisan 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 24 Ağustos 2020.
Van Dyke, Fred (2008). Conservation biology: foundations, concepts, applications (2. bas.). New York: Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6891-1. ISBN 9781402068904. OCLC 232001738. 27 Temmuz 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Mayıs 2021.

cengage.com

Odum, E. P.; Barrett, G. W. (2005). Fundamentals of Ecology (5. bas.). Brooks/Cole, a part of Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-0-534-42066-6. 20 Ağustos 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi.

csupomona.edu

Hoyt, Donald F. (17 Şubat 1997). "Synapsid Reptiles". ZOO 138 Vertebrate Zoology (Lecture). Pomona, Calif.: California State Polytechnic University, Pomona. 20 Mayıs 2009 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ocak 2015.

darwin-online.org.uk

Darwin, Francis, (Ed.) (1909). The foundations of The origin of species, a sketch written in 1842 (PDF). Cambridge: Printed at the University Press. s. 53. LCCN 61057537. OCLC 1184581. 4 Mart 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 27 Kasım 2014.

doi.org

Modell, Harold; Cliff, William; Michael, Joel; McFarland, Jenny; Wenderoth, Mary Pat; Wright, Ann (December 2015). "A physiologist's view of homeostasis". Advances in Physiology Education. 39 (4): 259-266. doi:10.1152/advan.00107.2015. ISSN 1043-4046. PMC 4669363 $2. PMID 26628646.
Davies, PC; Rieper, E; Tuszynski, JA (January 2013). "Self-organization and entropy reduction in a living cell". Bio Systems. 111 (1): 1-10. doi:10.1016/j.biosystems.2012.10.005. PMC 3712629 $2. PMID 23159919.
Mosconi, Francesco; Julou, Thomas; Desprat, Nicolas; Sinha, Deepak Kumar; Allemand, Jean-François; Vincent Croquette; Bensimon, David (2008). "Some nonlinear challenges in biology". Nonlinearity. 21 (8): T131. Bibcode:2008Nonli..21..131M. doi:10.1088/0951-7715/21/8/T03.
Pearce, Ben K.D.; Tupper, Andrew S.; Pudritz, Ralph E.; Higgs, Paul G. (1 Mart 2018). "Constraining the Time Interval for the Origin of Life on Earth". Astrobiology. 18 (3): 343-364. arXiv:1808.09460 $2. Bibcode:2018AsBio..18..343P. doi:10.1089/ast.2017.1674. PMID 29570409.
Mazzarello, P. (May 1999). "A unifying concept: the history of cell theory". Nature Cell Biology. 1 (1): E13-15. doi:10.1038/8964. PMID 10559875.
Bryant, D. A.; Frigaard, N. U. (Nov 2006). "Prokaryotic photosynthesis and phototrophy illuminated". Trends in Microbiology. 14 (11): 488-496. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2006.09.001. PMID 16997562.
Casiraghi, A.; Suigo, L.; Valoti, E.; Straniero, V. (February 2020). "Targeting Bacterial Cell Division: A Binding Site-Centered Approach to the Most Promising Inhibitors of the Essential Protein FtsZ". Antibiotics. 9 (2): 69. doi:10.3390/antibiotics9020069. PMC 7167804 $2. PMID 32046082.
Thanbichler, M; Wang, SC; Shapiro, L (October 2005). "The bacterial nucleoid: a highly organized and dynamic structure". Journal of Cellular Biochemistry. 96 (3): 506-21. doi:10.1002/jcb.20519. PMID 15988757.
Crick, Francis H. (August 1970). "Central dogma of molecular biology". Nature. 227 (5258): 561-3. Bibcode:1970Natur.227..561C. doi:10.1038/227561a0. PMID 4913914.
"Central dogma reversed". Nature. 226 (5252): 1198-9. June 1970. Bibcode:1970Natur.226.1198.. doi:10.1038/2261198a0. PMID 5422595.
Lin, Yihan; Elowitz, Michael B. (2016). "Central Dogma Goes Digital". Molecular Cell. 61 (6): 791-792. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2016.03.005. PMID 26990983.
Keene, Jack D.; Tenenbaum, Scott A. (2002). "Eukaryotic mRNPs may represent posttranscriptional operons". Molecular Cell. 9 (6): 1161-1167. doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(02)00559-2. PMID 12086614.
Slack, J.M.W. (2007). "Metaplasia and transdifferentiation: from pure biology to the clinic". Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 8 (5): 369-378. doi:10.1038/nrm2146. PMID 17377526.
Yanes, Oscar; Clark, Julie; Wong, Diana M.; Patti, Gary J.; Sánchez-Ruiz, Antonio; Benton, H. Paul; Trauger, Sunia A.; Desponts, Caroline; Ding, Sheng; Siuzdak, Gary (June 2010). "Metabolic oxidation regulates embryonic stem cell differentiation". Nature Chemical Biology. 6 (6): 411-417. doi:10.1038/nchembio.364. PMC 2873061 $2. PMID 20436487.
Lewontin, Richard C. (November 1970). "The Units of Selection" (PDF). Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 1: 1-18. doi:10.1146/annurev.es.01.110170.000245. JSTOR 2096764. 6 Şubat 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF).
Kitching, Ian J.; Forey, Peter L.; Williams, David M. (2001). "Cladistics". Levin, Simon A. (Ed.). Encyclopedia of Biodiversity (2. bas.). Elsevier. ss. 33-45. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-384719-5.00022-8. ISBN 9780123847201. 29 Ağustos 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 29 Ağustos 2021. )
Woese, CR; Kandler, O; Wheelis, ML (June 1990). "Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 87 (12): 4576-79. Bibcode:1990PNAS...87.4576W. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576. PMC 54159 $2. PMID 2112744.
Montévil, M; Mossio, M; Pocheville, A; Longo, G (October 2016). "Theoretical principles for biology: Variation". Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology. From the Century of the Genome to the Century of the Organism: New Theoretical Approaches. 122 (1): 36-50. doi:10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2016.08.005. PMID 27530930. 20 Mart 2018 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi.
Rosing, Minik T. (29 Ocak 1999). "¹³C-Depleted Carbon Microparticles in >3700-Ma Sea-Floor Sedimentary Rocks from West Greenland". Science. 283 (5402): 674-676. Bibcode:1999Sci...283..674R. doi:10.1126/science.283.5402.674. PMID 9924024.
Ohtomo, Yoko; Kakegawa, Takeshi; Ishida, Akizumi; Nagase, Toshiro; Rosing, Minik T. (January 2014). "Evidence for biogenic graphite in early Archaean Isua metasedimentary rocks". Nature Geoscience. 7 (1): 25-28. Bibcode:2014NatGe...7...25O. doi:10.1038/ngeo2025.
Nisbet, Euan G.; Fowler, C.M.R. (7 Aralık 1999). "Archaean metabolic evolution of microbial mats". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 266 (1436): 2375-2382. doi:10.1098/rspb.1999.0934. PMC 1690475 $2.
Knoll, Andrew H.; Javaux, Emmanuelle J.; Hewitt, David; Cohen, Phoebe (29 Haziran 2006). "Eukaryotic organisms in Proterozoic oceans". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 361 (1470): 1023-1038. doi:10.1098/rstb.2006.1843. PMC 1578724 $2. PMID 16754612.
Fedonkin, Mikhail A. (31 Mart 2003). "The origin of the Metazoa in the light of the Proterozoic fossil record" (PDF). Paleontological Research. 7 (1): 9-41. doi:10.2517/prpsj.7.9. 26 Şubat 2009 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2 Eylül 2008.
Bonner, John Tyler (7 Ocak 1998). "The origins of multicellularity". Integrative Biology. 1 (1): 27-36. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1520-6602(1998)1:1<27::AID-INBI4>3.0.CO;2-6.
Strother, Paul K.; Battison, Leila; Brasier, Martin D.; Wellman, Charles H. (26 Mayıs 2011). "Earth's earliest non-marine eukaryotes". Nature. 473 (7348): 505-509. Bibcode:2011Natur.473..505S. doi:10.1038/nature09943. PMID 21490597.
Beraldi-Campesi, Hugo (23 Şubat 2013). "Early life on land and the first terrestrial ecosystems". Ecological Processes. 2 (1): 1-17. doi:10.1186/2192-1709-2-1.
Algeo, Thomas J.; Scheckler, Stephen E. (29 Ocak 1998). "Terrestrial-marine teleconnections in the Devonian: links between the evolution of land plants, weathering processes, and marine anoxic events". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 353 (1365): 113-130. doi:10.1098/rstb.1998.0195. PMC 1692181 $2.
Jun-Yuan, Chen; Oliveri, Paola; Chia-Wei, Li; Gui-Qing Zhou; Feng Gao; Hagadorn, James W.; Peterson, Kevin J.; Davidson, Eric H. (25 Nisan 2000). "Precambrian animal diversity: Putative phosphatized embryos from the Doushantuo Formation of China". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 (9): 4457-4462. Bibcode:2000PNAS...97.4457C. doi:10.1073/pnas.97.9.4457. PMC 18256 $2. PMID 10781044.
D-G., Shu; H-L., Luo; Conway Morris, Simon; X-L. Zhang; S-X. Hu; L. Chen; J. Han; M. Zhu; Y. Li; L-Z. Chen (4 Kasım 1999). "Lower Cambrian vertebrates from south China" (PDF). Nature. 402 (6757): 42-46. Bibcode:1999Natur.402...42S. doi:10.1038/46965. 26 Şubat 2009 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ocak 2015.
Tanner, Lawrence H.; Lucas, Spencer G.; Chapman, Mary G. (March 2004). "Assessing the record and causes of Late Triassic extinctions" (PDF). Earth-Science Reviews. 65 (1–2): 103-139. Bibcode:2004ESRv...65..103T. doi:10.1016/S0012-8252(03)00082-5. 25 Ekim 2007 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ekim 2007.
Fastovsky, David E.; Sheehan, Peter M. (March 2005). "The Extinction of the Dinosaurs in North America" (PDF). GSA Today. 15 (3): 4-10. doi:10.1130/1052-5173(2005)015<4:TEOTDI>2.0.CO;2. 22 Mart 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 23 Ocak 2015.
Van Valkenburgh, Blaire (1 Mayıs 1999). "Major Patterns in the History of Carnivorous Mammals". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 27: 463-493. Bibcode:1999AREPS..27..463V. doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.27.1.463. 29 Şubat 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Mayıs 2021.
Fredrickson, J. K.; Zachara, J. M.; Balkwill, D. L. (July 2004). "Geomicrobiology of high-level nuclear waste-contaminated vadose sediments at the Hanford site, Washington state". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 70 (7): 4230-41. Bibcode:2004ApEnM..70.4230F. doi:10.1128/AEM.70.7.4230-4241.2004. PMC 444790 $2. PMID 15240306.
Dudek, N. K.; Sun, C. L.; Burstein, D. (2017). "Novel Microbial Diversity and Functional Potential in the Marine Mammal Oral Microbiome" (PDF). Current Biology. 27 (24): 3752-3762. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.10.040. PMID 29153320. 8 Mart 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 14 Mayıs 2021.
Pace, N. R. (May 2006). "Time for a change". Nature. 441 (7091): 289. Bibcode:2006Natur.441..289P. doi:10.1038/441289a. PMID 16710401.
Stoeckenius, W. (October 1981). "Walsby's square bacterium: fine structure of an orthogonal procaryote". Journal of Bacteriology. 148 (1): 352-60. doi:10.1128/JB.148.1.352-360.1981. PMC 216199 $2. PMID 7287626.
Bang, C.; Schmitz, R. A. (September 2015). "Archaea associated with human surfaces: not to be underestimated". FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 39 (5): 631-48. doi:10.1093/femsre/fuv010. PMID 25907112.
Moissl-Eichinger. C.; Pausan, M.; Taffner, J.; Berg, G.; Bang, C.; Schmitz, R. A. (January 2018). "Archaea Are Interactive Components of Complex Microbiomes". Trends in Microbiology. 26 (1): 70-85. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2017.07.004. PMID 28826642.
O'Malley, Maureen A.; Leger, Michelle M.; Wideman, Jeremy G.; Ruiz-Trillo, Iñaki (18 Şubat 2019). "Concepts of the last eukaryotic common ancestor". Nature Ecology & Evolution. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. 3 (3): 338-344. doi:10.1038/s41559-019-0796-3. hdl:10261/201794. PMID 30778187.
Taylor, F. J. R. 'M. (1 Kasım 2003). "The collapse of the two-kingdom system, the rise of protistology and the founding of the International Society for Evolutionary Protistology (ISEP)". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. Microbiology Society. 53 (6): 1707-1714. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.02587-0. PMID 14657097.
Koonin, E. V.; Senkevich, T. G.; Dolja, V. V. (September 2006). "The ancient Virus World and evolution of cells". Biology Direct. 1 (1): 29. doi:10.1186/1745-6150-1-29. PMC 1594570 $2. PMID 16984643.
Lawrence C. M.; Menon S.; Eilers, B. J. (May 2009). "Structural and functional studies of archaeal viruses". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 284 (19): 12599-603. doi:10.1074/jbc.R800078200. PMC 2675988 $2. PMID 19158076.
Edwards, R.A.; Rohwer, F. (June 2005). "Viral metagenomics". Nature Reviews. Microbiology. 3 (6): 504-10. doi:10.1038/nrmicro1163. PMID 15886693.
Canchaya, C.; Fournous, G.; Chibani-Chennoufi, S. (August 2003). "Phage as agents of lateral gene transfer". Current Opinion in Microbiology. 6 (4): 417-24. doi:10.1016/S1369-5274(03)00086-9. PMID 12941415.
Koonin, E. V.; Starokadomskyy, P. (October 2016). "Are viruses alive? The replicator paradigm sheds decisive light on an old but misguided question". Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences. 59: 125-134. doi:10.1016/j.shpsc.2016.02.016. PMC 5406846 $2. PMID 26965225.
Chapman, Eric J.; Byron, Carrie J. (1 Ocak 2018). "The flexible application of carrying capacity in ecology". Global Ecology and Conservation (İngilizce). 13: e00365. doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2017.e00365.
Wootton, JT; Emmerson, M (2005). "Measurement of Interaction Strength in Nature". Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. 36: 419-44. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.36.091704.175535. JSTOR 30033811.
Sahney, S.; Benton, M. J (2008). "Recovery from the most profound mass extinction of all time". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 275 (1636): 759-65. doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.1370. PMC 2596898 $2. PMID 18198148.
Soulé, Michael E. (1986). "What is Conservation Biology?" (PDF). BioScience. American Institute of Biological Sciences. 35 (11): 727-34. doi:10.2307/1310054. JSTOR 1310054. 12 Nisan 2019 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Mayıs 2021.
Van Dyke, Fred (2008). Conservation biology: foundations, concepts, applications (2. bas.). New York: Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6891-1. ISBN 9781402068904. OCLC 232001738. 27 Temmuz 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Mayıs 2021.
Sahney, S.; Benton, M. J.; Ferry, P. A. (2010). "Links between global taxonomic diversity, ecological diversity and the expansion of vertebrates on land". Biology Letters. 6 (4): 544-7. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.1024. PMC 2936204 $2. PMID 20106856.
Koh, Lian Pin; Dunn, Robert R.; Sodhi, Navjot S.; Colwell, Robert K.; Proctor, Heather C.; Smith, Vincent S. (2004). "Species coextinctions and the biodiversity crisis". Science. 305 (5690): 1632-4. Bibcode:2004Sci...305.1632K. doi:10.1126/science.1101101. PMID 15361627.
Jackson, J. B. C. (2008). "Ecological extinction and evolution in the brave new ocean". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 105 (Suppl 1): 11458-65. Bibcode:2008PNAS..10511458J. doi:10.1073/pnas.0802812105. PMC 2556419 $2. PMID 18695220.

escholarship.org

Dudek, N. K.; Sun, C. L.; Burstein, D. (2017). "Novel Microbial Diversity and Functional Potential in the Marine Mammal Oral Microbiome" (PDF). Current Biology. 27 (24): 3752-3762. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.10.040. PMID 29153320. 8 Mart 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 14 Mayıs 2021.

etimolojiturkce.com

"Biyoloji Kelime Kökeni, Kelimesinin Anlamı - Etimoloji". www.etimolojiturkce.com. 8 Ağustos 2022 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 13 Eylül 2023.

etymonline.com

"photosynthesis". Online Etymology Dictionary. 7 Mart 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 23 Mayıs 2013.

geosociety.org

Fastovsky, David E.; Sheehan, Peter M. (March 2005). "The Extinction of the Dinosaurs in North America" (PDF). GSA Today. 15 (3): 4-10. doi:10.1130/1052-5173(2005)015<4:TEOTDI>2.0.CO;2. 22 Mart 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 23 Ocak 2015.

ghostarchive.org

Zimmer, C. (26 Şubat 2021). "The Secret Life of a Coronavirus - An oily, 100-nanometer-wide bubble of genes has killed more than two million people and reshaped the world. Scientists don't quite know what to make of it". The New York Times. 28 Aralık 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 28 Şubat 2021.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

O'Malley, Maureen A.; Leger, Michelle M.; Wideman, Jeremy G.; Ruiz-Trillo, Iñaki (18 Şubat 2019). "Concepts of the last eukaryotic common ancestor". Nature Ecology & Evolution. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. 3 (3): 338-344. doi:10.1038/s41559-019-0796-3. hdl:10261/201794. PMID 30778187.

harvard.edu

adsabs.harvard.edu

Mosconi, Francesco; Julou, Thomas; Desprat, Nicolas; Sinha, Deepak Kumar; Allemand, Jean-François; Vincent Croquette; Bensimon, David (2008). "Some nonlinear challenges in biology". Nonlinearity. 21 (8): T131. Bibcode:2008Nonli..21..131M. doi:10.1088/0951-7715/21/8/T03.
Pearce, Ben K.D.; Tupper, Andrew S.; Pudritz, Ralph E.; Higgs, Paul G. (1 Mart 2018). "Constraining the Time Interval for the Origin of Life on Earth". Astrobiology. 18 (3): 343-364. arXiv:1808.09460 $2. Bibcode:2018AsBio..18..343P. doi:10.1089/ast.2017.1674. PMID 29570409.
Crick, Francis H. (August 1970). "Central dogma of molecular biology". Nature. 227 (5258): 561-3. Bibcode:1970Natur.227..561C. doi:10.1038/227561a0. PMID 4913914.
"Central dogma reversed". Nature. 226 (5252): 1198-9. June 1970. Bibcode:1970Natur.226.1198.. doi:10.1038/2261198a0. PMID 5422595.
Woese, CR; Kandler, O; Wheelis, ML (June 1990). "Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 87 (12): 4576-79. Bibcode:1990PNAS...87.4576W. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576. PMC 54159 $2. PMID 2112744.
Rosing, Minik T. (29 Ocak 1999). "¹³C-Depleted Carbon Microparticles in >3700-Ma Sea-Floor Sedimentary Rocks from West Greenland". Science. 283 (5402): 674-676. Bibcode:1999Sci...283..674R. doi:10.1126/science.283.5402.674. PMID 9924024.
Ohtomo, Yoko; Kakegawa, Takeshi; Ishida, Akizumi; Nagase, Toshiro; Rosing, Minik T. (January 2014). "Evidence for biogenic graphite in early Archaean Isua metasedimentary rocks". Nature Geoscience. 7 (1): 25-28. Bibcode:2014NatGe...7...25O. doi:10.1038/ngeo2025.
Strother, Paul K.; Battison, Leila; Brasier, Martin D.; Wellman, Charles H. (26 Mayıs 2011). "Earth's earliest non-marine eukaryotes". Nature. 473 (7348): 505-509. Bibcode:2011Natur.473..505S. doi:10.1038/nature09943. PMID 21490597.
Jun-Yuan, Chen; Oliveri, Paola; Chia-Wei, Li; Gui-Qing Zhou; Feng Gao; Hagadorn, James W.; Peterson, Kevin J.; Davidson, Eric H. (25 Nisan 2000). "Precambrian animal diversity: Putative phosphatized embryos from the Doushantuo Formation of China". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 (9): 4457-4462. Bibcode:2000PNAS...97.4457C. doi:10.1073/pnas.97.9.4457. PMC 18256 $2. PMID 10781044.
D-G., Shu; H-L., Luo; Conway Morris, Simon; X-L. Zhang; S-X. Hu; L. Chen; J. Han; M. Zhu; Y. Li; L-Z. Chen (4 Kasım 1999). "Lower Cambrian vertebrates from south China" (PDF). Nature. 402 (6757): 42-46. Bibcode:1999Natur.402...42S. doi:10.1038/46965. 26 Şubat 2009 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ocak 2015.
Tanner, Lawrence H.; Lucas, Spencer G.; Chapman, Mary G. (March 2004). "Assessing the record and causes of Late Triassic extinctions" (PDF). Earth-Science Reviews. 65 (1–2): 103-139. Bibcode:2004ESRv...65..103T. doi:10.1016/S0012-8252(03)00082-5. 25 Ekim 2007 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ekim 2007.
Van Valkenburgh, Blaire (1 Mayıs 1999). "Major Patterns in the History of Carnivorous Mammals". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 27: 463-493. Bibcode:1999AREPS..27..463V. doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.27.1.463. 29 Şubat 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Mayıs 2021.
Fredrickson, J. K.; Zachara, J. M.; Balkwill, D. L. (July 2004). "Geomicrobiology of high-level nuclear waste-contaminated vadose sediments at the Hanford site, Washington state". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 70 (7): 4230-41. Bibcode:2004ApEnM..70.4230F. doi:10.1128/AEM.70.7.4230-4241.2004. PMC 444790 $2. PMID 15240306.
Pace, N. R. (May 2006). "Time for a change". Nature. 441 (7091): 289. Bibcode:2006Natur.441..289P. doi:10.1038/441289a. PMID 16710401.
Koh, Lian Pin; Dunn, Robert R.; Sodhi, Navjot S.; Colwell, Robert K.; Proctor, Heather C.; Smith, Vincent S. (2004). "Species coextinctions and the biodiversity crisis". Science. 305 (5690): 1632-4. Bibcode:2004Sci...305.1632K. doi:10.1126/science.1101101. PMID 15361627.
Jackson, J. B. C. (2008). "Ecological extinction and evolution in the brave new ocean". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 105 (Suppl 1): 11458-65. Bibcode:2008PNAS..10511458J. doi:10.1073/pnas.0802812105. PMC 2556419 $2. PMID 18695220.

ictv.global

"Virus Taxonomy: 2019 Release". talk.ictvonline.org. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. 20 Mart 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 25 Nisan 2020.

joelvelasco.net

Lewontin, Richard C. (November 1970). "The Units of Selection" (PDF). Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 1: 1-18. doi:10.1146/annurev.es.01.110170.000245. JSTOR 2096764. 6 Şubat 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF).

jstor.org

Lewontin, Richard C. (November 1970). "The Units of Selection" (PDF). Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 1: 1-18. doi:10.1146/annurev.es.01.110170.000245. JSTOR 2096764. 6 Şubat 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF).
Wootton, JT; Emmerson, M (2005). "Measurement of Interaction Strength in Nature". Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. 36: 419-44. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.36.091704.175535. JSTOR 30033811.
Soulé, Michael E. (1986). "What is Conservation Biology?" (PDF). BioScience. American Institute of Biological Sciences. 35 (11): 727-34. doi:10.2307/1310054. JSTOR 1310054. 12 Nisan 2019 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Mayıs 2021.

loc.gov

lccn.loc.gov

Darwin, Francis, (Ed.) (1909). The foundations of The origin of species, a sketch written in 1842 (PDF). Cambridge: Printed at the University Press. s. 53. LCCN 61057537. OCLC 1184581. 4 Mart 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 27 Kasım 2014.

medterms.com

"Genotype definition – Medical Dictionary definitions". Medterms.com. 19 Mart 2012. 21 Eylül 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2 Ekim 2013.

michaelsoule.com

Soulé, Michael E. (1986). "What is Conservation Biology?" (PDF). BioScience. American Institute of Biological Sciences. 35 (11): 727-34. doi:10.2307/1310054. JSTOR 1310054. 12 Nisan 2019 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Mayıs 2021.

millenniumassessment.org

Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005). Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Biodiversity Synthesis. World Resources Institute, Washington, D.C. "Arşivlenmiş kopya" (PDF). 14 Ekim 2019 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 20 Mart 2023.

nas.edu

"Evolution Resources". Washington, D.C.: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. 3 Haziran 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi.

nasa.gov

science.nasa.gov

Barry, Patrick L. (28 Ocak 2002). Phillips, Tony (Ed.). "The Great Dying". Science@NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center. 10 Nisan 2010 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ocak 2015.

earthobservatory.nasa.gov

Riebeek, Holli (16 June 2011). "The Carbon Cycle". Earth Observatory. NASA. 5 March 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 5 April 2018.

nationalgeographic.com

news.nationalgeographic.com

Roach, John (20 Haziran 2007). "Dinosaur Extinction Spurred Rise of Modern Mammals". National Geographic News. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society. 11 Mayıs 2008 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 21 Şubat 2020.

nationalgeographic.com

Wu, K. J. (15 Nisan 2020). "There are more viruses than stars in the universe. Why do only some infect us? – More than a quadrillion quadrillion individual viruses exist on Earth, but most are not poised to hop into humans. Can we find the ones that are?". National Geographic Society. 28 Mayıs 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 18 Mayıs 2020.

naturalhistorymag.com

Carroll, Sean B. "The Origins of Form". Natural History. 9 Ekim 2018 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 9 Ekim 2016. Biologists could say, with confidence, that forms change, and that natural selection is an important force for change. Yet they could say nothing about how that change is accomplished. How bodies or body parts change, or how new structures arise, remained complete mysteries.

nature.com

Miko, Ilona (2008). "Gregor Mendel's principles of inheritance form the cornerstone of modern genetics. So just what are they?". Nature Education. 1 (1): 134. 19 Temmuz 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 13 Mayıs 2021.
Neitzel, James; Rasband, Matthew. "Cell communication". Nature Education. 29 Eylül 2010 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 29 Mayıs 2021.
"Cell signaling". Nature Education. 31 Ekim 2010 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 29 Mayıs 2021.
Miko, Ilona (2008), "Test crosses", Nature Education, 1 (1), s. 136, 21 Mayıs 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi, erişim tarihi: 28 Mayıs 2021
Miko, Ilona (2008), "Thomas Hunt Morgan and sex linkage", Nature Education, 1 (1), s. 143, 20 Mayıs 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi, erişim tarihi: 28 Mayıs 2021

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Modell, Harold; Cliff, William; Michael, Joel; McFarland, Jenny; Wenderoth, Mary Pat; Wright, Ann (December 2015). "A physiologist's view of homeostasis". Advances in Physiology Education. 39 (4): 259-266. doi:10.1152/advan.00107.2015. ISSN 1043-4046. PMC 4669363 $2. PMID 26628646.
Davies, PC; Rieper, E; Tuszynski, JA (January 2013). "Self-organization and entropy reduction in a living cell". Bio Systems. 111 (1): 1-10. doi:10.1016/j.biosystems.2012.10.005. PMC 3712629 $2. PMID 23159919.
Pearce, Ben K.D.; Tupper, Andrew S.; Pudritz, Ralph E.; Higgs, Paul G. (1 Mart 2018). "Constraining the Time Interval for the Origin of Life on Earth". Astrobiology. 18 (3): 343-364. arXiv:1808.09460 $2. Bibcode:2018AsBio..18..343P. doi:10.1089/ast.2017.1674. PMID 29570409.
Mazzarello, P. (May 1999). "A unifying concept: the history of cell theory". Nature Cell Biology. 1 (1): E13-15. doi:10.1038/8964. PMID 10559875.
Alberts, B.; Johnson, A.; Lewis, J. (2002). Molecular Biology of the Cell (4. bas.). New York: Garland Science. ISBN 978-0-8153-3218-3. 20 Aralık 2017 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi.
Tom Herrmann; Sandeep Sharma (2 Mart 2019). "Physiology, Membrane". StatPearls. PMID 30855799. 17 Şubat 2022 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 14 Mayıs 2021.
Alberts, Bruce; Johnson, Alexander; Lewis, Julian; Raff, Martin; Roberts, Keith; Walter, Peter (2002). "Cell Movements and the Shaping of the Vertebrate Body". Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th Edition (İngilizce). 22 Ocak 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 20 Mart 2023.
Bryant, D. A.; Frigaard, N. U. (Nov 2006). "Prokaryotic photosynthesis and phototrophy illuminated". Trends in Microbiology. 14 (11): 488-496. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2006.09.001. PMID 16997562.
Casiraghi, A.; Suigo, L.; Valoti, E.; Straniero, V. (February 2020). "Targeting Bacterial Cell Division: A Binding Site-Centered Approach to the Most Promising Inhibitors of the Essential Protein FtsZ". Antibiotics. 9 (2): 69. doi:10.3390/antibiotics9020069. PMC 7167804 $2. PMID 32046082.
Griffiths, Anthony J. F.; Miller, Jeffrey H.; Suzuki, David T.; Lewontin, Richard C.; Gelbart, William M., (Ed.) (2000). "Genetics and the Organism: Introduction". An Introduction to Genetic Analysis (7. bas.). New York: W. H. Freeman. ISBN 978-0-7167-3520-5.
Thanbichler, M; Wang, SC; Shapiro, L (October 2005). "The bacterial nucleoid: a highly organized and dynamic structure". Journal of Cellular Biochemistry. 96 (3): 506-21. doi:10.1002/jcb.20519. PMID 15988757.
Crick, Francis H. (1958). "On protein synthesis". Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology. 12: 138-63. PMID 13580867.
Crick, Francis H. (August 1970). "Central dogma of molecular biology". Nature. 227 (5258): 561-3. Bibcode:1970Natur.227..561C. doi:10.1038/227561a0. PMID 4913914.
"Central dogma reversed". Nature. 226 (5252): 1198-9. June 1970. Bibcode:1970Natur.226.1198.. doi:10.1038/2261198a0. PMID 5422595.
Lin, Yihan; Elowitz, Michael B. (2016). "Central Dogma Goes Digital". Molecular Cell. 61 (6): 791-792. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2016.03.005. PMID 26990983.
Keene, Jack D.; Tenenbaum, Scott A. (2002). "Eukaryotic mRNPs may represent posttranscriptional operons". Molecular Cell. 9 (6): 1161-1167. doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(02)00559-2. PMID 12086614.
Slack, J.M.W. (2007). "Metaplasia and transdifferentiation: from pure biology to the clinic". Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 8 (5): 369-378. doi:10.1038/nrm2146. PMID 17377526.
Yanes, Oscar; Clark, Julie; Wong, Diana M.; Patti, Gary J.; Sánchez-Ruiz, Antonio; Benton, H. Paul; Trauger, Sunia A.; Desponts, Caroline; Ding, Sheng; Siuzdak, Gary (June 2010). "Metabolic oxidation regulates embryonic stem cell differentiation". Nature Chemical Biology. 6 (6): 411-417. doi:10.1038/nchembio.364. PMC 2873061 $2. PMID 20436487.
Woese, CR; Kandler, O; Wheelis, ML (June 1990). "Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 87 (12): 4576-79. Bibcode:1990PNAS...87.4576W. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576. PMC 54159 $2. PMID 2112744.
Montévil, M; Mossio, M; Pocheville, A; Longo, G (October 2016). "Theoretical principles for biology: Variation". Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology. From the Century of the Genome to the Century of the Organism: New Theoretical Approaches. 122 (1): 36-50. doi:10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2016.08.005. PMID 27530930. 20 Mart 2018 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi.
Rosing, Minik T. (29 Ocak 1999). "¹³C-Depleted Carbon Microparticles in >3700-Ma Sea-Floor Sedimentary Rocks from West Greenland". Science. 283 (5402): 674-676. Bibcode:1999Sci...283..674R. doi:10.1126/science.283.5402.674. PMID 9924024.
Nisbet, Euan G.; Fowler, C.M.R. (7 Aralık 1999). "Archaean metabolic evolution of microbial mats". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 266 (1436): 2375-2382. doi:10.1098/rspb.1999.0934. PMC 1690475 $2.
Knoll, Andrew H.; Javaux, Emmanuelle J.; Hewitt, David; Cohen, Phoebe (29 Haziran 2006). "Eukaryotic organisms in Proterozoic oceans". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 361 (1470): 1023-1038. doi:10.1098/rstb.2006.1843. PMC 1578724 $2. PMID 16754612.
Strother, Paul K.; Battison, Leila; Brasier, Martin D.; Wellman, Charles H. (26 Mayıs 2011). "Earth's earliest non-marine eukaryotes". Nature. 473 (7348): 505-509. Bibcode:2011Natur.473..505S. doi:10.1038/nature09943. PMID 21490597.
Algeo, Thomas J.; Scheckler, Stephen E. (29 Ocak 1998). "Terrestrial-marine teleconnections in the Devonian: links between the evolution of land plants, weathering processes, and marine anoxic events". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 353 (1365): 113-130. doi:10.1098/rstb.1998.0195. PMC 1692181 $2.
Jun-Yuan, Chen; Oliveri, Paola; Chia-Wei, Li; Gui-Qing Zhou; Feng Gao; Hagadorn, James W.; Peterson, Kevin J.; Davidson, Eric H. (25 Nisan 2000). "Precambrian animal diversity: Putative phosphatized embryos from the Doushantuo Formation of China". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 (9): 4457-4462. Bibcode:2000PNAS...97.4457C. doi:10.1073/pnas.97.9.4457. PMC 18256 $2. PMID 10781044.
Fredrickson, J. K.; Zachara, J. M.; Balkwill, D. L. (July 2004). "Geomicrobiology of high-level nuclear waste-contaminated vadose sediments at the Hanford site, Washington state". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 70 (7): 4230-41. Bibcode:2004ApEnM..70.4230F. doi:10.1128/AEM.70.7.4230-4241.2004. PMC 444790 $2. PMID 15240306.
Dudek, N. K.; Sun, C. L.; Burstein, D. (2017). "Novel Microbial Diversity and Functional Potential in the Marine Mammal Oral Microbiome" (PDF). Current Biology. 27 (24): 3752-3762. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.10.040. PMID 29153320. 8 Mart 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 14 Mayıs 2021.
Pace, N. R. (May 2006). "Time for a change". Nature. 441 (7091): 289. Bibcode:2006Natur.441..289P. doi:10.1038/441289a. PMID 16710401.
Stoeckenius, W. (October 1981). "Walsby's square bacterium: fine structure of an orthogonal procaryote". Journal of Bacteriology. 148 (1): 352-60. doi:10.1128/JB.148.1.352-360.1981. PMC 216199 $2. PMID 7287626.
Bang, C.; Schmitz, R. A. (September 2015). "Archaea associated with human surfaces: not to be underestimated". FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 39 (5): 631-48. doi:10.1093/femsre/fuv010. PMID 25907112.
Moissl-Eichinger. C.; Pausan, M.; Taffner, J.; Berg, G.; Bang, C.; Schmitz, R. A. (January 2018). "Archaea Are Interactive Components of Complex Microbiomes". Trends in Microbiology. 26 (1): 70-85. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2017.07.004. PMID 28826642.
O'Malley, Maureen A.; Leger, Michelle M.; Wideman, Jeremy G.; Ruiz-Trillo, Iñaki (18 Şubat 2019). "Concepts of the last eukaryotic common ancestor". Nature Ecology & Evolution. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. 3 (3): 338-344. doi:10.1038/s41559-019-0796-3. hdl:10261/201794. PMID 30778187.
Taylor, F. J. R. 'M. (1 Kasım 2003). "The collapse of the two-kingdom system, the rise of protistology and the founding of the International Society for Evolutionary Protistology (ISEP)". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. Microbiology Society. 53 (6): 1707-1714. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.02587-0. PMID 14657097.
Koonin, E. V.; Senkevich, T. G.; Dolja, V. V. (September 2006). "The ancient Virus World and evolution of cells". Biology Direct. 1 (1): 29. doi:10.1186/1745-6150-1-29. PMC 1594570 $2. PMID 16984643.
Lawrence C. M.; Menon S.; Eilers, B. J. (May 2009). "Structural and functional studies of archaeal viruses". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 284 (19): 12599-603. doi:10.1074/jbc.R800078200. PMC 2675988 $2. PMID 19158076.
Edwards, R.A.; Rohwer, F. (June 2005). "Viral metagenomics". Nature Reviews. Microbiology. 3 (6): 504-10. doi:10.1038/nrmicro1163. PMID 15886693.
Canchaya, C.; Fournous, G.; Chibani-Chennoufi, S. (August 2003). "Phage as agents of lateral gene transfer". Current Opinion in Microbiology. 6 (4): 417-24. doi:10.1016/S1369-5274(03)00086-9. PMID 12941415.
Koonin, E. V.; Starokadomskyy, P. (October 2016). "Are viruses alive? The replicator paradigm sheds decisive light on an old but misguided question". Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences. 59: 125-134. doi:10.1016/j.shpsc.2016.02.016. PMC 5406846 $2. PMID 26965225.
Sahney, S.; Benton, M. J (2008). "Recovery from the most profound mass extinction of all time". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 275 (1636): 759-65. doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.1370. PMC 2596898 $2. PMID 18198148.
Sahney, S.; Benton, M. J.; Ferry, P. A. (2010). "Links between global taxonomic diversity, ecological diversity and the expansion of vertebrates on land". Biology Letters. 6 (4): 544-7. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.1024. PMC 2936204 $2. PMID 20106856.
Koh, Lian Pin; Dunn, Robert R.; Sodhi, Navjot S.; Colwell, Robert K.; Proctor, Heather C.; Smith, Vincent S. (2004). "Species coextinctions and the biodiversity crisis". Science. 305 (5690): 1632-4. Bibcode:2004Sci...305.1632K. doi:10.1126/science.1101101. PMID 15361627.
Jackson, J. B. C. (2008). "Ecological extinction and evolution in the brave new ocean". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 105 (Suppl 1): 11458-65. Bibcode:2008PNAS..10511458J. doi:10.1073/pnas.0802812105. PMC 2556419 $2. PMID 18695220.

niu.edu

bios.niu.edu

D-G., Shu; H-L., Luo; Conway Morris, Simon; X-L. Zhang; S-X. Hu; L. Chen; J. Han; M. Zhu; Y. Li; L-Z. Chen (4 Kasım 1999). "Lower Cambrian vertebrates from south China" (PDF). Nature. 402 (6757): 42-46. Bibcode:1999Natur.402...42S. doi:10.1038/46965. 26 Şubat 2009 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ocak 2015.

nmnaturalhistory.org

Tanner, Lawrence H.; Lucas, Spencer G.; Chapman, Mary G. (March 2004). "Assessing the record and causes of Late Triassic extinctions" (PDF). Earth-Science Reviews. 65 (1–2): 103-139. Bibcode:2004ESRv...65..103T. doi:10.1016/S0012-8252(03)00082-5. 25 Ekim 2007 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ekim 2007.

nytimes.com

Zimmer, C. (26 Şubat 2021). "The Secret Life of a Coronavirus - An oily, 100-nanometer-wide bubble of genes has killed more than two million people and reshaped the world. Scientists don't quite know what to make of it". The New York Times. 28 Aralık 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 28 Şubat 2021.

openstax.org

"10.2 The Cell Cycle - Biology 2e | OpenStax". openstax.org (İngilizce). 29 Kasım 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 24 Kasım 2020.

oxforddictionaries.com

"Definition of population (biology)". Oxford Dictionaries. Oxford University Press. 4 Mart 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 5 Aralık 2012. a community of animals, plants, or humans among whose members interbreeding occurs

paleo.ru

vend.paleo.ru

Fedonkin, Mikhail A. (31 Mart 2003). "The origin of the Metazoa in the light of the Proterozoic fossil record" (PDF). Paleontological Research. 7 (1): 9-41. doi:10.2517/prpsj.7.9. 26 Şubat 2009 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2 Eylül 2008.

phschool.com

Campbell, Neil A.; Williamson, Brad; Heyden, Robin J. (2006). Biology: Exploring Life. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall. ISBN 9780132508827. 2 Kasım 2014 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 13 Mayıs 2021.

sciencedirect.com

Kitching, Ian J.; Forey, Peter L.; Williams, David M. (2001). "Cladistics". Levin, Simon A. (Ed.). Encyclopedia of Biodiversity (2. bas.). Elsevier. ss. 33-45. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-384719-5.00022-8. ISBN 9780123847201. 29 Ağustos 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 29 Ağustos 2021. )

stratigraphy.org

"Stratigraphic Chart 2022" (PDF). International Stratigraphic Commission. February 2022. 2 Nisan 2022 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 25 Nisan 2022.

thoughtco.com

"Learn About the 3 Main Stages of Cellular Respiration". ThoughtCo (İngilizce). 14 Ekim 2017 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 20 Mart 2023.

tufts.edu

perseus.tufts.edu

"Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, φῶς". www.perseus.tufts.edu. 19 Ekim 2014 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 17 Mart 2023.
"Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, σύν-θεσις". www.perseus.tufts.edu. 14 Haziran 2014 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 17 Mart 2023.

txstate.edu

bio.txstate.edu

Based on definition from: "Aquarena Wetlands Project glossary of terms". Texas State University at San Marcos. 8 Haziran 2004 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi.

web.archive.org

Based on definition from: "Aquarena Wetlands Project glossary of terms". Texas State University at San Marcos. 8 Haziran 2004 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi.
Howell, Elizabeth (8 Aralık 2014). "How Did Life Become Complex, And Could It Happen Beyond Earth?". Astrobiology Magazine. Archived from the original on 17 Ağustos 2018. Erişim tarihi: 14 Şubat 2018. KB1 bakım: Uygun olmayan url (link)
"Biyoloji Kelime Kökeni, Kelimesinin Anlamı - Etimoloji". www.etimolojiturkce.com. 8 Ağustos 2022 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 13 Eylül 2023.
Magner, Lois N. (2002). A History of the Life Sciences, Revised and Expanded. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-203-91100-6. 24 Mart 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi.
Serafini, Anthony (2013). The Epic History of Biology. ISBN 978-1-4899-6327-7. 15 Nisan 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 14 Temmuz 2015.
Magner, Lois N. (2002). A History of the Life Sciences, Revised and Expanded. CRC Press. ss. 133-44. ISBN 978-0-203-91100-6. 24 Mart 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi.
Darwin, Francis, (Ed.) (1909). The foundations of The origin of species, a sketch written in 1842 (PDF). Cambridge: Printed at the University Press. s. 53. LCCN 61057537. OCLC 1184581. 4 Mart 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 27 Kasım 2014.
Larson, Edward J. (2006). "Ch. 3". Evolution: The Remarkable History of a Scientific Theory. Random House Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-58836-538-5. 24 Mart 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi.
Miko, Ilona (2008). "Gregor Mendel's principles of inheritance form the cornerstone of modern genetics. So just what are they?". Nature Education. 1 (1): 134. 19 Temmuz 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 13 Mayıs 2021.
Noble, Ivan (14 Nisan 2003). "Human genome finally complete". BBC News. 14 Haziran 2006 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Temmuz 2006.
Campbell, Neil A.; Williamson, Brad; Heyden, Robin J. (2006). Biology: Exploring Life. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall. ISBN 9780132508827. 2 Kasım 2014 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 13 Mayıs 2021.
Alberts, B.; Johnson, A.; Lewis, J. (2002). Molecular Biology of the Cell (4. bas.). New York: Garland Science. ISBN 978-0-8153-3218-3. 20 Aralık 2017 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi.
Tom Herrmann; Sandeep Sharma (2 Mart 2019). "Physiology, Membrane". StatPearls. PMID 30855799. 17 Şubat 2022 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 14 Mayıs 2021.
Alberts, Bruce; Johnson, Alexander; Lewis, Julian; Raff, Martin; Roberts, Keith; Walter, Peter (2002). "Cell Movements and the Shaping of the Vertebrate Body". Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th Edition (İngilizce). 22 Ocak 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 20 Mart 2023.
"Learn About the 3 Main Stages of Cellular Respiration". ThoughtCo (İngilizce). 14 Ekim 2017 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 20 Mart 2023.
"photosynthesis". Online Etymology Dictionary. 7 Mart 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 23 Mayıs 2013.
"Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, φῶς". www.perseus.tufts.edu. 19 Ekim 2014 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 17 Mart 2023.
"Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, σύν-θεσις". www.perseus.tufts.edu. 14 Haziran 2014 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 17 Mart 2023.
Neitzel, James; Rasband, Matthew. "Cell communication". Nature Education. 29 Eylül 2010 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 29 Mayıs 2021.
"Cell signaling". Nature Education. 31 Ekim 2010 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 29 Mayıs 2021.
"10.2 The Cell Cycle - Biology 2e | OpenStax". openstax.org (İngilizce). 29 Kasım 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 24 Kasım 2020.
Miko, Ilona (2008), "Test crosses", Nature Education, 1 (1), s. 136, 21 Mayıs 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi, erişim tarihi: 28 Mayıs 2021
Miko, Ilona (2008), "Thomas Hunt Morgan and sex linkage", Nature Education, 1 (1), s. 143, 20 Mayıs 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi, erişim tarihi: 28 Mayıs 2021
"Genotype definition – Medical Dictionary definitions". Medterms.com. 19 Mart 2012. 21 Eylül 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2 Ekim 2013.
Atala, Anthony; Lanza, Robert (31 Aralık 2012). Handbook of Stem Cells (İngilizce). Academic Press. s. 452. ISBN 978-0-12-385943-3. 12 Nisan 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 28 Mayıs 2021.
Carroll, Sean B. "The Origins of Form". Natural History. 9 Ekim 2018 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 9 Ekim 2016. Biologists could say, with confidence, that forms change, and that natural selection is an important force for change. Yet they could say nothing about how that change is accomplished. How bodies or body parts change, or how new structures arise, remained complete mysteries.
Hall, Brian K.; Hallgrímsson, Benedikt (6 Aralık 2007). Strickberger's Evolution. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. ss. 4-6. ISBN 978-1-4496-4722-3. 26 Mart 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 20 Mart 2023.
"Evolution Resources". Washington, D.C.: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. 3 Haziran 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi.
Lewontin, Richard C. (November 1970). "The Units of Selection" (PDF). Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 1: 1-18. doi:10.1146/annurev.es.01.110170.000245. JSTOR 2096764. 6 Şubat 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF).
Kitching, Ian J.; Forey, Peter L.; Williams, David M. (2001). "Cladistics". Levin, Simon A. (Ed.). Encyclopedia of Biodiversity (2. bas.). Elsevier. ss. 33-45. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-384719-5.00022-8. ISBN 9780123847201. 29 Ağustos 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 29 Ağustos 2021. )
Montévil, M; Mossio, M; Pocheville, A; Longo, G (October 2016). "Theoretical principles for biology: Variation". Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology. From the Century of the Genome to the Century of the Organism: New Theoretical Approaches. 122 (1): 36-50. doi:10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2016.08.005. PMID 27530930. 20 Mart 2018 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi.
"Stratigraphic Chart 2022" (PDF). International Stratigraphic Commission. February 2022. 2 Nisan 2022 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 25 Nisan 2022.
Fedonkin, Mikhail A. (31 Mart 2003). "The origin of the Metazoa in the light of the Proterozoic fossil record" (PDF). Paleontological Research. 7 (1): 9-41. doi:10.2517/prpsj.7.9. 26 Şubat 2009 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2 Eylül 2008.
D-G., Shu; H-L., Luo; Conway Morris, Simon; X-L. Zhang; S-X. Hu; L. Chen; J. Han; M. Zhu; Y. Li; L-Z. Chen (4 Kasım 1999). "Lower Cambrian vertebrates from south China" (PDF). Nature. 402 (6757): 42-46. Bibcode:1999Natur.402...42S. doi:10.1038/46965. 26 Şubat 2009 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ocak 2015.
Hoyt, Donald F. (17 Şubat 1997). "Synapsid Reptiles". ZOO 138 Vertebrate Zoology (Lecture). Pomona, Calif.: California State Polytechnic University, Pomona. 20 Mayıs 2009 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ocak 2015.
Barry, Patrick L. (28 Ocak 2002). Phillips, Tony (Ed.). "The Great Dying". Science@NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center. 10 Nisan 2010 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ocak 2015.
Tanner, Lawrence H.; Lucas, Spencer G.; Chapman, Mary G. (March 2004). "Assessing the record and causes of Late Triassic extinctions" (PDF). Earth-Science Reviews. 65 (1–2): 103-139. Bibcode:2004ESRv...65..103T. doi:10.1016/S0012-8252(03)00082-5. 25 Ekim 2007 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ekim 2007.
Fastovsky, David E.; Sheehan, Peter M. (March 2005). "The Extinction of the Dinosaurs in North America" (PDF). GSA Today. 15 (3): 4-10. doi:10.1130/1052-5173(2005)015<4:TEOTDI>2.0.CO;2. 22 Mart 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 23 Ocak 2015.
Roach, John (20 Haziran 2007). "Dinosaur Extinction Spurred Rise of Modern Mammals". National Geographic News. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society. 11 Mayıs 2008 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 21 Şubat 2020.
Van Valkenburgh, Blaire (1 Mayıs 1999). "Major Patterns in the History of Carnivorous Mammals". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 27: 463-493. Bibcode:1999AREPS..27..463V. doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.27.1.463. 29 Şubat 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Mayıs 2021.
Dudek, N. K.; Sun, C. L.; Burstein, D. (2017). "Novel Microbial Diversity and Functional Potential in the Marine Mammal Oral Microbiome" (PDF). Current Biology. 27 (24): 3752-3762. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.10.040. PMID 29153320. 8 Mart 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 14 Mayıs 2021.
"Archaea Basic Biology". March 2018. 28 Nisan 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 14 Mayıs 2021.
Wu, K. J. (15 Nisan 2020). "There are more viruses than stars in the universe. Why do only some infect us? – More than a quadrillion quadrillion individual viruses exist on Earth, but most are not poised to hop into humans. Can we find the ones that are?". National Geographic Society. 28 Mayıs 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 18 Mayıs 2020.
"Virus Taxonomy: 2019 Release". talk.ictvonline.org. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. 20 Mart 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 25 Nisan 2020.
Habitats of the world. New York: Marshall Cavendish. 2004. s. 238. ISBN 978-0-7614-7523-1. 15 Nisan 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 24 Ağustos 2020.
"Population". Biology Online. 13 Nisan 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 5 Aralık 2012.
"Definition of population (biology)". Oxford Dictionaries. Oxford University Press. 4 Mart 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 5 Aralık 2012. a community of animals, plants, or humans among whose members interbreeding occurs
Odum, E. P.; Barrett, G. W. (2005). Fundamentals of Ecology (5. bas.). Brooks/Cole, a part of Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-0-534-42066-6. 20 Ağustos 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi.
Riebeek, Holli (16 June 2011). "The Carbon Cycle". Earth Observatory. NASA. 5 March 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 5 April 2018.
Soulé, Michael E. (1986). "What is Conservation Biology?" (PDF). BioScience. American Institute of Biological Sciences. 35 (11): 727-34. doi:10.2307/1310054. JSTOR 1310054. 12 Nisan 2019 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Mayıs 2021.
Van Dyke, Fred (2008). Conservation biology: foundations, concepts, applications (2. bas.). New York: Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6891-1. ISBN 9781402068904. OCLC 232001738. 27 Temmuz 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Mayıs 2021.
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005). Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Biodiversity Synthesis. World Resources Institute, Washington, D.C. "Arşivlenmiş kopya" (PDF). 14 Ekim 2019 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 20 Mart 2023.

wikisource.org

en.wikisource.org

Önceki cümlelerden bir veya daha fazlası artık kamu malı olan bir yayından alınan metni içeriyor: Chisholm, Hugh, (Ed.) (1911). "Theophrastus". Encyclopædia Britannica (11. bas.). Cambridge University Press.

worldcat.org

Modell, Harold; Cliff, William; Michael, Joel; McFarland, Jenny; Wenderoth, Mary Pat; Wright, Ann (December 2015). "A physiologist's view of homeostasis". Advances in Physiology Education. 39 (4): 259-266. doi:10.1152/advan.00107.2015. ISSN 1043-4046. PMC 4669363 $2. PMID 26628646.
Darwin, Francis, (Ed.) (1909). The foundations of The origin of species, a sketch written in 1842 (PDF). Cambridge: Printed at the University Press. s. 53. LCCN 61057537. OCLC 1184581. 4 Mart 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 27 Kasım 2014.
Martin, E. A.; Hine, R. (2020). A dictionary of biology (6. bas.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199204625. OCLC 176818780.
Griffiths, A. J. (2012). Introduction to genetic analysis (10. bas.). New York: W.H. Freeman. ISBN 9781429229432. OCLC 698085201.
Futuyma, DJ (2005). Evolution. Sinauer Associates. ISBN 978-0-87893-187-3. OCLC 57311264.
Benton, Michael J. (1997). Vertebrate Palaeontology (2. bas.). Londra: Chapman & Hall. ISBN 978-0-412-73800-5. OCLC 37378512.
Van Dyke, Fred (2008). Conservation biology: foundations, concepts, applications (2. bas.). New York: Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6891-1. ISBN 9781402068904. OCLC 232001738. 27 Temmuz 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Mayıs 2021.

zenodo.org

Van Valkenburgh, Blaire (1 Mayıs 1999). "Major Patterns in the History of Carnivorous Mammals". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 27: 463-493. Bibcode:1999AREPS..27..463V. doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.27.1.463. 29 Şubat 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Mayıs 2021.