Doğa (Turkish Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Doğa" in Turkish language version.

Last modified: 22:12:00, 20 August 2026 (UTC)

Ref.Un. Ref.Website

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4037web.archive.org

1^st place

1616doi.org

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99archive.org

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99nih.gov

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88adsabs.harvard.edu

14^th place

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55books.google.com

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54sciencedaily.com

1,390^th place

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32physicalgeography.net

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22semanticscholar.org

15^th place

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22park.org

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22nasa.gov

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21cia.gov

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22usgs.gov

119^th place

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11etymonline.com

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11fas.harvard.edu

2,293^rd place

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11blueplanetbiomes.org

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11epa.gov

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11aip.org

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11caltech.edu

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11rero.ch

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11un.org

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11arfchive.org

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11gidamo.org.tr

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11answers.com

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11oceansatlas.com

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11jstor.org

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11britannica.com

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11dictionary.com

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11merriam-webster.com

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11inist.fr

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11calacademy.org

1,593^rd place

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11idrc.ca

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11census.gov

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11uni-hamburg.de

3,375^th place

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11plattsburgh.edu

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4,173^rd place

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11evrimianlamak.org

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11phys.org

1,595^th place

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adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; Turkish: 32^nd place)

Morbidelli, A.; ve diğerleri. (2000). "Source Regions and Time Scales for the Delivery of Water to Earth". Meteoritics & Planetary Science. 35 (6): 1309-20. Bibcode:2000M&PS...35.1309M. doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2000.tb01518.x.
Raup, David M.; J. John Sepkoski Jr. (Mart 1982). "Mass extinctions in the marine fossil record". Science. 215 (4539): 1501-03. Bibcode:1982Sci...215.1501R. doi:10.1126/science.215.4539.1501. PMID 17788674. 23 Temmuz 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi13 Haziran 2020.
Novacek M; Cleland E (2001). "The current biodiversity extinction event: scenarios for mitigation and recovery". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 98 (10): 5466-70. Bibcode:2001PNAS...98.5466N. doi:10.1073/pnas.091093698. PMC 33235 . PMID 11344295.
Stern, Harvey; Davidson, Noel (25 Mayıs 2015). "Trends in the skill of weather prediction at lead times of 1–14 days". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 141 (692): 2726-36. Bibcode:2015QJRMS.141.2726S. doi:10.1002/qj.2559. 22 Nisan 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi12 Temmuz 2020.
Bunker, Daniel E.; ve diğerleri. (Kasım 2005). "Species Loss and Aboveground Carbon Storage in a Tropical Forest". Science. 310 (5750): 1029-31. Bibcode:2005Sci...310.1029B. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.465.7559 . doi:10.1126/science.1117682. PMID 16239439.
Berkner, L. V.; L. C. Marshall (Mayıs 1965). "On the Origin and Rise of Oxygen Concentration in the Earth's Atmosphere". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. 22 (3): 225-61. Bibcode:1965JAtS...22..225B. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1965)022<0225:OTOARO>2.0.CO;2.
Schopf J (1994). "Disparate rates, differing fates: tempo and mode of evolution changed from the Precambrian to the Phanerozoic". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 91 (15): 6735-42. Bibcode:1994PNAS...91.6735S. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.15.6735. PMC 44277 . PMID 8041691.
Szewzyk U; Szewzyk R; Stenström T (1994). "Thermophilic, anaerobic bacteria isolated from a deep borehole in granite in Sweden". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 91 (5): 1810-13. Bibcode:1994PNAS...91.1810S. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.5.1810. PMC 43253 . PMID 11607462.

aip.org (Global: 2,273^rd place; Turkish: 1,675^th place)

Weart, Spencer (Haziran 2006). "The Discovery of Global Warming". American Institute of Physics. 4 Ağustos 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: January 7, 2007.

answers.com (Global: 2,156^th place; Turkish: 1,712^th place)

"Ocean 26 Ocak 2011 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.". The Columbia Encyclopedia. 2002. New York: Columbia University Press

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; Turkish: 4^th place)

Morbidelli, A.; ve diğerleri. (2000). "Source Regions and Time Scales for the Delivery of Water to Earth". Meteoritics & Planetary Science. 35 (6): 1309-20. Bibcode:2000M&PS...35.1309M. doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2000.tb01518.x.
Margulis, Lynn; Dorian Sagan (1995). What is Life? (İngilizce). New York: Simon & Schuster. s. 145. ISBN 978-0-684-81326-4.
Margulis, Lynn; Dorian Sagan (1995). What is Life? (İngilizce). New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-684-81326-4.
Spilhaus, Athelstan F (1942). "Maps of the whole world ocean". Geographical Review. 32 (3): 431-35. doi:10.2307/210385. JSTOR 210385.
Bunker, Daniel E.; ve diğerleri. (Kasım 2005). "Species Loss and Aboveground Carbon Storage in a Tropical Forest". Science. 310 (5750): 1029-31. Bibcode:2005Sci...310.1029B. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.465.7559 . doi:10.1126/science.1117682. PMID 16239439.
Clarke, Robin; Robert Lamb; Dilys Roe Ward, (Ed.) (2002). "Decline and loss of species". Global environment outlook 3: past, present and future perspectives (İngilizce). London; Sterling, VA: Nairobi, Kenya: UNEP. ISBN 978-92-807-2087-7.
Peter Hamilton Raven; George Brooks Johnson (2002). Biology (İngilizce). McGraw-Hill Education. s. 68. ISBN 978-0-07-112261-0. Erişim tarihi: July 7, 2013.
Berkner, L. V.; L. C. Marshall (Mayıs 1965). "On the Origin and Rise of Oxygen Concentration in the Earth's Atmosphere". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. 22 (3): 225-61. Bibcode:1965JAtS...22..225B. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1965)022<0225:OTOARO>2.0.CO;2.
Horneck G (1981). "Survival of microorganisms in space: a review". Adv Space Res. 1 (14): 39-48. doi:10.1016/0273-1177(81)90241-6. PMID 11541716.

arfchive.org (Global: low place; Turkish: low place)

web.arfchive.org

Vital Water^{[ölü/kırık bağlantı]}. UNEP.

blueplanetbiomes.org (Global: low place; Turkish: low place)

"World Climates". Blue Planet Biomes. 17 Aralık 2008 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 21 Eylül 2006.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; Turkish: 5^th place)

Dalrymple, G. Brent (1991). The Age of the Earth (İngilizce). Stanford: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-1569-0.
Kirschvink, J.L. (1992). "Late Proterozoic Low-Latitude Global Glaciation: The Snowball Earth" (PDF). J.W. Schopf; C. Klein (Ed.). The Proterozoic Biosphere (İngilizce). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ss. 51-52. ISBN 978-0-521-36615-1.
Miller, G.; Spoolman, Scott (28 Eylül 2007). Environmental Science: Problems, Connections and Solutions (İngilizce). Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-0-495-38337-6.
Khan, Firdos Alam (20 Eylül 2011). Biotechnology Fundamentals (İngilizce). CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4398-2009-4. 5 Nisan 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 14 Haziran 2020.
The figure "about one-half of one percent" takes into account the following (See, e.g., Leckie, Stephen (1999). "How Meat-centred Eating Patterns Affect Food Security and the Environment". For hunger-proof cities: sustainable urban food systems (İngilizce). Ottawa: International Development Research Centre. ISBN 978-0-88936-882-8. 13 Kasım 2010 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 13 Eylül 2020. , which takes global average weight as 60 kg.), the total human biomass is the average weight multiplied by the current human population of approximately 6.5 billion (see, e.g., "World Population Information". U.S. Census Bureau. 15 Haziran 1997 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 28 Eylül 2006. ): Assuming 60–70 kg to be the average human mass (approximately 130–150 lb on the average), an approximation of total global human mass of between 390 billion (390×10⁹) and 455 billion kg (between 845 billion and 975 billion lb, or about 423 million–488 million short tons). The total biomass of all kinds on earth is estimated to be in excess of 6.8 x 10¹³ kg (75 billion short tons). By these calculations, the portion of total biomass accounted for by humans would be very roughly 0.6%.

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; Turkish: 31^st place)

Britannica Online. "Lake (physical feature)". June 11, 2008 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: June 25, 2008. [a Lake is] any relatively large body of slowly moving or standing water that occupies an inland basin of appreciable size. Definitions that precisely distinguish lakes, ponds, swamps, and even rivers and other bodies of nonoceanic water are not well established. It may be said, however, that rivers and streams are relatively fast moving; marshes and swamps contain relatively large quantities of grasses, trees, or shrubs; and ponds are relatively small in comparison to lakes. Geologically defined, lakes are temporary bodies of water.

calacademy.org (Global: 1,593^rd place; Turkish: 6,585^th place)

"Definition of Life". California Academy of Sciences. 2006. 8 Şubat 2007 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 7 Ocak 2007.

caltech.edu (Global: 240^th place; Turkish: 55^th place)

gps.caltech.edu

Kirschvink, J.L. (1992). "Late Proterozoic Low-Latitude Global Glaciation: The Snowball Earth" (PDF). J.W. Schopf; C. Klein (Ed.). The Proterozoic Biosphere (İngilizce). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ss. 51-52. ISBN 978-0-521-36615-1.

census.gov (Global: 18^th place; Turkish: 58^th place)

The figure "about one-half of one percent" takes into account the following (See, e.g., Leckie, Stephen (1999). "How Meat-centred Eating Patterns Affect Food Security and the Environment". For hunger-proof cities: sustainable urban food systems (İngilizce). Ottawa: International Development Research Centre. ISBN 978-0-88936-882-8. 13 Kasım 2010 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 13 Eylül 2020. , which takes global average weight as 60 kg.), the total human biomass is the average weight multiplied by the current human population of approximately 6.5 billion (see, e.g., "World Population Information". U.S. Census Bureau. 15 Haziran 1997 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 28 Eylül 2006. ): Assuming 60–70 kg to be the average human mass (approximately 130–150 lb on the average), an approximation of total global human mass of between 390 billion (390×10⁹) and 455 billion kg (between 845 billion and 975 billion lb, or about 423 million–488 million short tons). The total biomass of all kinds on earth is estimated to be in excess of 6.8 x 10¹³ kg (75 billion short tons). By these calculations, the portion of total biomass accounted for by humans would be very roughly 0.6%.

cia.gov (Global: 133^rd place; Turkish: 66^th place)

"World". CIA – World Fact Book. January 5, 2010 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 20 Aralık 2008.

dictionary.com (Global: 1,672^nd place; Turkish: 837^th place)

"Lake Definition". Dictionary.com. 5 Eylül 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 6 Eylül 2016.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; Turkish: 2^nd place)

An account of the pre-Socratic use of the concept of φύσις may be found in Naddaf, Gerard (2006) The Greek Concept of Nature, SUNY Press, and in Ducarme, Frédéric; Couvet, Denis (2020). "What does 'nature' mean?". Palgrave Communications. 6 (14). Springer Nature. doi:10.1057/s41599-020-0390-y. . The word φύσις, while first used in connection with a plant in Homer, occurs very early in Greek philosophy, and in several senses. Generally, these senses match rather well the current senses in which the English word nature is used, as confirmed by Guthrie, W.K.C. Presocratic Tradition from Parmenides to Democritus (volume 2 of his History of Greek Philosophy), Cambridge UP, 1965.
Morbidelli, A.; ve diğerleri. (2000). "Source Regions and Time Scales for the Delivery of Water to Earth". Meteoritics & Planetary Science. 35 (6): 1309-20. Bibcode:2000M&PS...35.1309M. doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2000.tb01518.x.
Raup, David M.; J. John Sepkoski Jr. (Mart 1982). "Mass extinctions in the marine fossil record". Science. 215 (4539): 1501-03. Bibcode:1982Sci...215.1501R. doi:10.1126/science.215.4539.1501. PMID 17788674. 23 Temmuz 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi13 Haziran 2020.
Novacek M; Cleland E (2001). "The current biodiversity extinction event: scenarios for mitigation and recovery". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 98 (10): 5466-70. Bibcode:2001PNAS...98.5466N. doi:10.1073/pnas.091093698. PMC 33235 . PMID 11344295.
Wick, Lucia; Möhl, Adrian (2006). "The mid-Holocene extinction of silver fir (Abies alba) in the Southern Alps: a consequence of forest fires? Palaeobotanical records and forest simulations" (PDF). Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. 15 (4): 435-44. doi:10.1007/s00334-006-0051-0. 15 Kasım 2018 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF)15 Kasım 2018.
Stern, Harvey; Davidson, Noel (25 Mayıs 2015). "Trends in the skill of weather prediction at lead times of 1–14 days". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 141 (692): 2726-36. Bibcode:2015QJRMS.141.2726S. doi:10.1002/qj.2559. 22 Nisan 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi12 Temmuz 2020.
Spilhaus, Athelstan F (1942). "Maps of the whole world ocean". Geographical Review. 32 (3): 431-35. doi:10.2307/210385. JSTOR 210385.
Adams, C.E. (1994). "The fish community of Loch Lomond, Scotland: its history and rapidly changing status". Hydrobiologia. 290 (1–3): 91-102. doi:10.1007/BF00008956. January 14, 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendiJanuary 5, 2007.
Bunker, Daniel E.; ve diğerleri. (Kasım 2005). "Species Loss and Aboveground Carbon Storage in a Tropical Forest". Science. 310 (5750): 1029-31. Bibcode:2005Sci...310.1029B. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.465.7559 . doi:10.1126/science.1117682. PMID 16239439.
Wilcox, Bruce A. (2006). "Amphibian Decline: More Support for Biocomplexity as a Research Paradigm". EcoHealth. 3 (1): 1-2. doi:10.1007/s10393-005-0013-5.
Schopf, JW (2006). "Fossil evidence of Archaean life". Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 361 (1470): 869-85. doi:10.1098/rstb.2006.1834. PMC 1578735 . PMID 16754604.
Line, M. (1 Ocak 2002). "The enigma of the origin of life and its timing". Microbiology. 148 (Pt 1): 21-27. doi:10.1099/00221287-148-1-21. PMID 11782495.
Berkner, L. V.; L. C. Marshall (Mayıs 1965). "On the Origin and Rise of Oxygen Concentration in the Earth's Atmosphere". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. 22 (3): 225-61. Bibcode:1965JAtS...22..225B. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1965)022<0225:OTOARO>2.0.CO;2.
Schopf J (1994). "Disparate rates, differing fates: tempo and mode of evolution changed from the Precambrian to the Phanerozoic". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 91 (15): 6735-42. Bibcode:1994PNAS...91.6735S. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.15.6735. PMC 44277 . PMID 8041691.
Szewzyk U; Szewzyk R; Stenström T (1994). "Thermophilic, anaerobic bacteria isolated from a deep borehole in granite in Sweden". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 91 (5): 1810-13. Bibcode:1994PNAS...91.1810S. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.5.1810. PMC 43253 . PMID 11607462.
Horneck G (1981). "Survival of microorganisms in space: a review". Adv Space Res. 1 (14): 39-48. doi:10.1016/0273-1177(81)90241-6. PMID 11541716.

epa.gov (Global: 961^st place; Turkish: 1,162^nd place)

"Past Climate Change". U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 11 Mayıs 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: January 7, 2007.

etymonline.com (Global: 669^th place; Turkish: 321^st place)

Harper, Douglas. "nature" 10 Mayıs 2017 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.. Online Etymology Dictionary. Erişim tarihi: 23 Eylül 2006.

evrimianlamak.org (Global: low place; Turkish: low place)

"Evrimi Anlamak". 2 Ekim 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 6 Şubat 2021.

fas.harvard.edu (Global: 2,293^rd place; Turkish: 1,814^th place)

archimedes.fas.harvard.edu

The first known use of physis was by Homer in reference to the intrinsic qualities of a plant: ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας πόρε φάρμακον ἀργεϊφόντης ἐκ γαίης ἐρύσας, καί μοι φύσιν αὐτοῦ ἔδειξε. (So saying, Argeiphontes [=Hermes] gave me the herb, drawing it from the ground, and showed me its nature.) Odyssey 10.302–03 (ed. A.T. Murray). (The word is dealt with thoroughly in Liddell and Scott's Greek Lexicon 5 Mart 2011 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi..) For later but still very early Greek uses of the term, see earlier note.

gidamo.org.tr (Global: low place; Turkish: low place)

"TMMOB Gıda Mühendisleri Odası 22 Mart Dünya Su Günü" (PDF). 26 Şubat 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF)13 Haziran 2020.

idrc.ca (Global: low place; Turkish: low place)

The figure "about one-half of one percent" takes into account the following (See, e.g., Leckie, Stephen (1999). "How Meat-centred Eating Patterns Affect Food Security and the Environment". For hunger-proof cities: sustainable urban food systems (İngilizce). Ottawa: International Development Research Centre. ISBN 978-0-88936-882-8. 13 Kasım 2010 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 13 Eylül 2020. , which takes global average weight as 60 kg.), the total human biomass is the average weight multiplied by the current human population of approximately 6.5 billion (see, e.g., "World Population Information". U.S. Census Bureau. 15 Haziran 1997 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 28 Eylül 2006. ): Assuming 60–70 kg to be the average human mass (approximately 130–150 lb on the average), an approximation of total global human mass of between 390 billion (390×10⁹) and 455 billion kg (between 845 billion and 975 billion lb, or about 423 million–488 million short tons). The total biomass of all kinds on earth is estimated to be in excess of 6.8 x 10¹³ kg (75 billion short tons). By these calculations, the portion of total biomass accounted for by humans would be very roughly 0.6%.

inist.fr (Global: 3,275^th place; Turkish: 5,278^th place)

cat.inist.fr

Adams, C.E. (1994). "The fish community of Loch Lomond, Scotland: its history and rapidly changing status". Hydrobiologia. 290 (1–3): 91-102. doi:10.1007/BF00008956. January 14, 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendiJanuary 5, 2007.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; Turkish: 54^th place)

Spilhaus, Athelstan F (1942). "Maps of the whole world ocean". Geographical Review. 32 (3): 431-35. doi:10.2307/210385. JSTOR 210385.

merriam-webster.com (Global: 425^th place; Turkish: 258^th place)

River {definition} 21 Şubat 2010 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. from Merriam-Webster. Accessed February 2010.

nasa.gov (Global: 12^th place; Turkish: 71^st place)

vathena.arc.nasa.gov

Hugh Anderson; Bernard Walter (28 Mart 1997). "History of Climate Change". NASA. 23 Ocak 2008 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 7 Ocak 2007.

nai.arc.nasa.gov

"Earth's Oldest Mineral Grains Suggest an Early Start for Life". NASA Astrobiology Institute. 24 Aralık 2001. 28 Eylül 2006 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 24 Mayıs 2006.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; Turkish: 8^th place)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Raup, David M.; J. John Sepkoski Jr. (Mart 1982). "Mass extinctions in the marine fossil record". Science. 215 (4539): 1501-03. Bibcode:1982Sci...215.1501R. doi:10.1126/science.215.4539.1501. PMID 17788674. 23 Temmuz 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi13 Haziran 2020.
Novacek M; Cleland E (2001). "The current biodiversity extinction event: scenarios for mitigation and recovery". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 98 (10): 5466-70. Bibcode:2001PNAS...98.5466N. doi:10.1073/pnas.091093698. PMC 33235 . PMID 11344295.
Bunker, Daniel E.; ve diğerleri. (Kasım 2005). "Species Loss and Aboveground Carbon Storage in a Tropical Forest". Science. 310 (5750): 1029-31. Bibcode:2005Sci...310.1029B. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.465.7559 . doi:10.1126/science.1117682. PMID 16239439.
Schopf, JW (2006). "Fossil evidence of Archaean life". Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 361 (1470): 869-85. doi:10.1098/rstb.2006.1834. PMC 1578735 . PMID 16754604.
Line, M. (1 Ocak 2002). "The enigma of the origin of life and its timing". Microbiology. 148 (Pt 1): 21-27. doi:10.1099/00221287-148-1-21. PMID 11782495.
Schopf J (1994). "Disparate rates, differing fates: tempo and mode of evolution changed from the Precambrian to the Phanerozoic". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 91 (15): 6735-42. Bibcode:1994PNAS...91.6735S. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.15.6735. PMC 44277 . PMID 8041691.
Szewzyk U; Szewzyk R; Stenström T (1994). "Thermophilic, anaerobic bacteria isolated from a deep borehole in granite in Sweden". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 91 (5): 1810-13. Bibcode:1994PNAS...91.1810S. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.5.1810. PMC 43253 . PMID 11607462.
Wolska K (2003). "Horizontal DNA transfer between bacteria in the environment". Acta Microbiol Pol. 52 (3): 233-43. PMID 14743976.
Horneck G (1981). "Survival of microorganisms in space: a review". Adv Space Res. 1 (14): 39-48. doi:10.1016/0273-1177(81)90241-6. PMID 11541716.

oceansatlas.com (Global: low place; Turkish: low place)

"Distribution of land and water on the planet 31 Mayıs 2008 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.". UN Atlas of the Oceans 15 Eylül 2008 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.

park.org (Global: low place; Turkish: low place)

Mass Extinctions Of The Phanerozoic Menu 25 Eylül 2006 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.. Park.org. Retrieved on November 3, 2016.
Patterns of Extinction 25 Eylül 2006 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.. Park.org. Retrieved on November 3, 2016.

phys.org (Global: 1,595^th place; Turkish: 1,710^th place)

"Photosynthesis more ancient than thought, and most living things could do it". phys.org (İngilizce). January 20, 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: January 19, 2019.

physicalgeography.net (Global: low place; Turkish: low place)

Pidwirny, Michael (2006). "Introduction to the Biosphere: Introduction to the Ecosystem Concept". Fundamentals of Physical Geography (2nd Edition). July 18, 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 28 Eylül 2006.
Pidwirny, Michael (2006). "Introduction to the Biosphere: Species Diversity and Biodiversity". Fundamentals of Physical Geography (2nd Edition). July 18, 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 23 Eylül 2006.

plattsburgh.edu (Global: low place; Turkish: low place)

faculty.plattsburgh.edu

"How Many Species are There?". Extinction Web Page Class Notes. 9 Eylül 2006 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 23 Eylül 2006.

psu.edu (Global: 299^th place; Turkish: 435^th place)

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Bunker, Daniel E.; ve diğerleri. (Kasım 2005). "Species Loss and Aboveground Carbon Storage in a Tropical Forest". Science. 310 (5750): 1029-31. Bibcode:2005Sci...310.1029B. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.465.7559 . doi:10.1126/science.1117682. PMID 16239439.

rero.ch (Global: 3,023^rd place; Turkish: 3,424^th place)

doc.rero.ch

Wick, Lucia; Möhl, Adrian (2006). "The mid-Holocene extinction of silver fir (Abies alba) in the Southern Alps: a consequence of forest fires? Palaeobotanical records and forest simulations" (PDF). Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. 15 (4): 435-44. doi:10.1007/s00334-006-0051-0. 15 Kasım 2018 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF)15 Kasım 2018.

sciencedaily.com (Global: 1,390^th place; Turkish: 799^th place)

"Calculations favor reducing atmosphere for early Earth". Science Daily. 11 Eylül 2005. 30 Ağustos 2006 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: January 6, 2007.
"Tropical Ocean Warming Drives Recent Northern Hemisphere Climate Change". Science Daily. April 6, 2001. April 21, 2006 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 24 Mayıs 2006.
"Just How Many Species Are There, Anyway?". Science Daily. Mayıs 2003. 11 Şubat 2007 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 26 Eylül 2006.
"Tropical Scientists Find Fewer Species Than Expected". Science Daily. Nisan 2002. 30 Ağustos 2006 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 27 Eylül 2006.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; Turkish: 461^st place)

Raup, David M.; J. John Sepkoski Jr. (Mart 1982). "Mass extinctions in the marine fossil record". Science. 215 (4539): 1501-03. Bibcode:1982Sci...215.1501R. doi:10.1126/science.215.4539.1501. PMID 17788674. 23 Temmuz 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi13 Haziran 2020.
Stern, Harvey; Davidson, Noel (25 Mayıs 2015). "Trends in the skill of weather prediction at lead times of 1–14 days". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 141 (692): 2726-36. Bibcode:2015QJRMS.141.2726S. doi:10.1002/qj.2559. 22 Nisan 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi12 Temmuz 2020.

un.org (Global: 117^th place; Turkish: 126^th place)

"Water for Life". Un.org. March 22, 2005. 14 Mayıs 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 14 Mayıs 2011.

unep.org (Global: 4,173^rd place; Turkish: 3,708^th place)

Clarke, Robin; Robert Lamb; Dilys Roe Ward, (Ed.) (2002). "Decline and loss of species". Global environment outlook 3: past, present and future perspectives (İngilizce). London; Sterling, VA: Nairobi, Kenya: UNEP. ISBN 978-92-807-2087-7.

uni-hamburg.de (Global: 3,375^th place; Turkish: 6,750^th place)

biologie.uni-hamburg.de

Sengbusch, Peter V. "The Flow of Energy in Ecosystems – Productivity, Food Chain, and Trophic Level". Botany online. University of Hamburg Department of Biology. July 26, 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 23 Eylül 2006.

usgs.gov (Global: 119^th place; Turkish: 187^th place)

geonames.usgs.gov

USGS – U.S. Geological Survey – FAQs 1 Temmuz 2015 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi., No. 17 What is the difference between mountain, hill, and peak; lake and pond; or river and creek?

biology.usgs.gov

Withers, Mark A.; ve diğerleri. (1998). "Changing Patterns in the Number of Species in North American Floras". Land Use History of North America. 19 Ağustos 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 26 Eylül 2006. Website based on the contents of the book: Sisk, T.D., (Ed.) (1998). Perspectives on the land use history of North America: a context for understanding our changing environment (Revised September 1999 bas.). U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division. USGS/BRD/BSR-1998-0003.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; Turkish: 1^st place)

Harper, Douglas. "nature" 10 Mayıs 2017 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.. Online Etymology Dictionary. Erişim tarihi: 23 Eylül 2006.
The first known use of physis was by Homer in reference to the intrinsic qualities of a plant: ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας πόρε φάρμακον ἀργεϊφόντης ἐκ γαίης ἐρύσας, καί μοι φύσιν αὐτοῦ ἔδειξε. (So saying, Argeiphontes [=Hermes] gave me the herb, drawing it from the ground, and showed me its nature.) Odyssey 10.302–03 (ed. A.T. Murray). (The word is dealt with thoroughly in Liddell and Scott's Greek Lexicon 5 Mart 2011 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi..) For later but still very early Greek uses of the term, see earlier note.
"World Climates". Blue Planet Biomes. 17 Aralık 2008 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 21 Eylül 2006.
"Calculations favor reducing atmosphere for early Earth". Science Daily. 11 Eylül 2005. 30 Ağustos 2006 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: January 6, 2007.
"Past Climate Change". U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 11 Mayıs 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: January 7, 2007.
Hugh Anderson; Bernard Walter (28 Mart 1997). "History of Climate Change". NASA. 23 Ocak 2008 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 7 Ocak 2007.
Weart, Spencer (Haziran 2006). "The Discovery of Global Warming". American Institute of Physics. 4 Ağustos 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: January 7, 2007.
"Earth's Oldest Mineral Grains Suggest an Early Start for Life". NASA Astrobiology Institute. 24 Aralık 2001. 28 Eylül 2006 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 24 Mayıs 2006.
Raup, David M.; J. John Sepkoski Jr. (Mart 1982). "Mass extinctions in the marine fossil record". Science. 215 (4539): 1501-03. Bibcode:1982Sci...215.1501R. doi:10.1126/science.215.4539.1501. PMID 17788674. 23 Temmuz 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi13 Haziran 2020.
Mass Extinctions Of The Phanerozoic Menu 25 Eylül 2006 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.. Park.org. Retrieved on November 3, 2016.
Patterns of Extinction 25 Eylül 2006 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.. Park.org. Retrieved on November 3, 2016.
Wick, Lucia; Möhl, Adrian (2006). "The mid-Holocene extinction of silver fir (Abies alba) in the Southern Alps: a consequence of forest fires? Palaeobotanical records and forest simulations" (PDF). Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. 15 (4): 435-44. doi:10.1007/s00334-006-0051-0. 15 Kasım 2018 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF)15 Kasım 2018.
Stern, Harvey; Davidson, Noel (25 Mayıs 2015). "Trends in the skill of weather prediction at lead times of 1–14 days". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 141 (692): 2726-36. Bibcode:2015QJRMS.141.2726S. doi:10.1002/qj.2559. 22 Nisan 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi12 Temmuz 2020.
"Tropical Ocean Warming Drives Recent Northern Hemisphere Climate Change". Science Daily. April 6, 2001. April 21, 2006 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 24 Mayıs 2006.
"Water for Life". Un.org. March 22, 2005. 14 Mayıs 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 14 Mayıs 2011.
"World". CIA – World Fact Book. January 5, 2010 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 20 Aralık 2008.
Water Vapor in the Climate System, Special Report, American Geophysical Union, December 1995.
"TMMOB Gıda Mühendisleri Odası 22 Mart Dünya Su Günü" (PDF). 26 Şubat 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF)13 Haziran 2020.
"Ocean 26 Ocak 2011 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.". The Columbia Encyclopedia. 2002. New York: Columbia University Press
"Distribution of land and water on the planet 31 Mayıs 2008 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.". UN Atlas of the Oceans 15 Eylül 2008 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.
Britannica Online. "Lake (physical feature)". June 11, 2008 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: June 25, 2008. [a Lake is] any relatively large body of slowly moving or standing water that occupies an inland basin of appreciable size. Definitions that precisely distinguish lakes, ponds, swamps, and even rivers and other bodies of nonoceanic water are not well established. It may be said, however, that rivers and streams are relatively fast moving; marshes and swamps contain relatively large quantities of grasses, trees, or shrubs; and ponds are relatively small in comparison to lakes. Geologically defined, lakes are temporary bodies of water.
"Lake Definition". Dictionary.com. 5 Eylül 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 6 Eylül 2016.
River {definition} 21 Şubat 2010 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. from Merriam-Webster. Accessed February 2010.
USGS – U.S. Geological Survey – FAQs 1 Temmuz 2015 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi., No. 17 What is the difference between mountain, hill, and peak; lake and pond; or river and creek?
Adams, C.E. (1994). "The fish community of Loch Lomond, Scotland: its history and rapidly changing status". Hydrobiologia. 290 (1–3): 91-102. doi:10.1007/BF00008956. January 14, 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendiJanuary 5, 2007.
Pidwirny, Michael (2006). "Introduction to the Biosphere: Introduction to the Ecosystem Concept". Fundamentals of Physical Geography (2nd Edition). July 18, 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 28 Eylül 2006.
Khan, Firdos Alam (20 Eylül 2011). Biotechnology Fundamentals (İngilizce). CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4398-2009-4. 5 Nisan 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 14 Haziran 2020.
"Definition of Life". California Academy of Sciences. 2006. 8 Şubat 2007 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 7 Ocak 2007.
The figure "about one-half of one percent" takes into account the following (See, e.g., Leckie, Stephen (1999). "How Meat-centred Eating Patterns Affect Food Security and the Environment". For hunger-proof cities: sustainable urban food systems (İngilizce). Ottawa: International Development Research Centre. ISBN 978-0-88936-882-8. 13 Kasım 2010 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 13 Eylül 2020. , which takes global average weight as 60 kg.), the total human biomass is the average weight multiplied by the current human population of approximately 6.5 billion (see, e.g., "World Population Information". U.S. Census Bureau. 15 Haziran 1997 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 28 Eylül 2006. ): Assuming 60–70 kg to be the average human mass (approximately 130–150 lb on the average), an approximation of total global human mass of between 390 billion (390×10⁹) and 455 billion kg (between 845 billion and 975 billion lb, or about 423 million–488 million short tons). The total biomass of all kinds on earth is estimated to be in excess of 6.8 x 10¹³ kg (75 billion short tons). By these calculations, the portion of total biomass accounted for by humans would be very roughly 0.6%.
Sengbusch, Peter V. "The Flow of Energy in Ecosystems – Productivity, Food Chain, and Trophic Level". Botany online. University of Hamburg Department of Biology. July 26, 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 23 Eylül 2006.
Pidwirny, Michael (2006). "Introduction to the Biosphere: Species Diversity and Biodiversity". Fundamentals of Physical Geography (2nd Edition). July 18, 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 23 Eylül 2006.
"How Many Species are There?". Extinction Web Page Class Notes. 9 Eylül 2006 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 23 Eylül 2006.
"Just How Many Species Are There, Anyway?". Science Daily. Mayıs 2003. 11 Şubat 2007 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 26 Eylül 2006.
Withers, Mark A.; ve diğerleri. (1998). "Changing Patterns in the Number of Species in North American Floras". Land Use History of North America. 19 Ağustos 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 26 Eylül 2006. Website based on the contents of the book: Sisk, T.D., (Ed.) (1998). Perspectives on the land use history of North America: a context for understanding our changing environment (Revised September 1999 bas.). U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division. USGS/BRD/BSR-1998-0003.
"Tropical Scientists Find Fewer Species Than Expected". Science Daily. Nisan 2002. 30 Ağustos 2006 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 27 Eylül 2006.
"Evrimi Anlamak". 2 Ekim 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 6 Şubat 2021.
"Photosynthesis more ancient than thought, and most living things could do it". phys.org (İngilizce). January 20, 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: January 19, 2019.

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