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Evrensel dil (Turkish Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Evrensel dil" in Turkish language version.

refsWebsite
Global rank Turkish rank
16doi.org
2nd place
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7web.archive.org
1st place
1st place
5books.google.com
3rd place
5th place
4worldcat.org
5th place
8th place
1culturaldiplomacy.org
low place
low place
1jbe-platform.com
low place
low place
1archive.org
6th place
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archive.org

  • Crystal, David (1995). The Cambridge encyclopedia of the English language. Internet Archive. Cambridge [England] ; New York : Cambridge University Press. s. 106. ISBN 978-0-521-40179-1. English is now the dominant or official language in over 60 countries (see the table on p. 109), and is represented in every continent and in the three major oceans – Atlantic (e.g. St Helena), Indian (e.g. Seychelles), and Pacific (e.g. Hawaii). It is this spread of representation which makes the application of the term 'world language' a reality. 

books.google.com

  • Ammon, Ulrich (1997), Stevenson, Patrick (Ed.), "To What Extent is German an International Language?", The German Language and the Real World: Sociolinguistic, Cultural, and Pragmatic Perspectives on Contemporary German (İngilizce), Clarendon Press, ss. 25-53, ISBN 978-0-19-823738-9, 9 Mayıs 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi, erişim tarihi: 7 Haziran 2021 
  • de Mejía, Anne-Marie (2002). Power, Prestige, and Bilingualism: International Perspectives on Elite Bilingual Education (İngilizce). Multilingual Matters. ss. 47-49. ISBN 978-1-85359-590-5. 9 Mayıs 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 7 Haziran 2021. 'international language' or 'world language' [...] The following languages of wider communication, that may be used as first or as second or foreign languages, are generally recognised: English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, Arabic, Russian and Chinese. 
  • Ammon, Ulrich (1989). Status and Function of Languages and Language Varieties (İngilizce). Walter de Gruyter. s. 422. ISBN 978-3-11-086025-2. 10 Mayıs 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 13 Şubat 2021. By the term world language approximately the following can be understood: Firstly, [...]. Secondly, international planned languages (e.g Esperanto, Ido, Interlingua). 
  • Wright, Roger (2012), Hernández-Campoy, Juan Manuel; Conde-Silvestre, Juan Camilo (Ed.), "Convergence and Divergence in World Languages", The Handbook of Language and Globalization, John Wiley & Sons, s. 552, doi:10.1002/9781118257227.ch30, ISBN 978-1-4051-9068-8, 16 Nisan 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi, erişim tarihi: 7 Haziran 2021, There is no generally agreed precise definition of what counts as a 'World' Language. For the purposes of this chapter, they can be defined as languages spoken over a wide geographical area, often as a result of previous colonization, and in many cases by native speakers of some other language. The category now includes Spanish, Portuguese, French, and English, but with reference to historically earlier periods the label has been applied to Latin [...] 
  • Wright, Roger (2012), Hernández-Campoy, Juan Manuel; Conde-Silvestre, Juan Camilo (Ed.), "Convergence and Divergence in World Languages", The Handbook of Language and Globalization, John Wiley & Sons, s. 552, doi:10.1002/9781118257227.ch30, ISBN 978-1-4051-9068-8, 16 Nisan 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi, erişim tarihi: 16 Nisan 2021, There is no generally agreed precise definition of what counts as a 'World' Language. For the purposes of this chapter, they can be defined as languages spoken over a wide geographical area, often as a result of previous colonization, and in many cases by native speakers of some other language. The category now includes Spanish, Portuguese, French, and English, but with reference to historically earlier periods the label has been applied to Latin [...] 

culturaldiplomacy.org

  • Crystal, David (2003). English as a global language (PDF) (2. bas.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. s. 190. ISBN 0-511-07862-5. OCLC 57418548. 18 Ocak 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 7 Haziran 2021. The emergence of English with a genuine global presence therefore has a significance which goes well beyond this particular language. Because there are no precedents for languages achieving this level of use (if we exclude Latin, which was in a sense 'global' when the world was much smaller), we do not know what happens to them in such circumstances. 

doi.org

  • Ammon, Ulrich (7 Ekim 2010), Coupland, Nikolas (Ed.), "World Languages: Trends and Futures", The Handbook of Language and Globalization, Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, s. 101, doi:10.1002/9781444324068.ch4, ISBN 978-1-4443-2406-8 
  • Wright, Roger (2012), Hernández-Campoy, Juan Manuel; Conde-Silvestre, Juan Camilo (Ed.), "Convergence and Divergence in World Languages", The Handbook of Language and Globalization, John Wiley & Sons, s. 552, doi:10.1002/9781118257227.ch30, ISBN 978-1-4051-9068-8, 16 Nisan 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi, erişim tarihi: 7 Haziran 2021, There is no generally agreed precise definition of what counts as a 'World' Language. For the purposes of this chapter, they can be defined as languages spoken over a wide geographical area, often as a result of previous colonization, and in many cases by native speakers of some other language. The category now includes Spanish, Portuguese, French, and English, but with reference to historically earlier periods the label has been applied to Latin [...] 
  • Mufwene, Salikoko S. (7 Ekim 2010), Coupland, Nikolas (Ed.), "Globalization, Global English, and World English(es): Myths and Facts", The Handbook of Language and Globalization, Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, s. 42, doi:10.1002/9781444324068.ch1, ISBN 978-1-4443-2406-8, I submit that, as in the case of that earlier 'world language,' Latin, it was the association with trade and (more) lucrative business that favored English over its competitors, both in the United States and around the world. 
  • García, Adolfo M. (2 Ocak 2014). "Neurocognitive determinants of performance variability among world-language users". Journal of World Languages. 1 (1): 60-77. doi:10.1080/21698252.2014.893671 Özgürce erişilebilir. ISSN 2169-8252. the notion of world language has been variously defined 
  • Wright, Roger (2012), Hernández-Campoy, Juan Manuel; Conde-Silvestre, Juan Camilo (Ed.), "Convergence and Divergence in World Languages", The Handbook of Language and Globalization, John Wiley & Sons, s. 552, doi:10.1002/9781118257227.ch30, ISBN 978-1-4051-9068-8, 16 Nisan 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi, erişim tarihi: 16 Nisan 2021, There is no generally agreed precise definition of what counts as a 'World' Language. For the purposes of this chapter, they can be defined as languages spoken over a wide geographical area, often as a result of previous colonization, and in many cases by native speakers of some other language. The category now includes Spanish, Portuguese, French, and English, but with reference to historically earlier periods the label has been applied to Latin [...] 
  • Mufwene, Salikoko S. (7 Ekim 2010), Coupland, Nikolas (Ed.), "Globalization, Global English, and World English(es): Myths and Facts", The Handbook of Language and Globalization, Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, s. 42, doi:10.1002/9781444324068.ch1, ISBN 978-1-4443-2406-8, By the middle of the twentieth century, a few European colonial languages had emerged as 'world languages,' in the sense of languages spoken as vernaculars or as lingua francas outside their homelands and by populations other than those ethnically or nationally associated with them. These included English, French, Russian, and Spanish. 
  • Benrabah, Mohamed (2 Ocak 2014). "Competition between four "world" languages in Algeria". Journal of World Languages. 1 (1): 38-59. doi:10.1080/21698252.2014.893676 Özgürce erişilebilir. ISSN 2169-8252. 
  • Mar-Molinero, Clare (1 Ocak 2004). "Spanish as a world language: Language and identity in a global era". Spanish in Context (İngilizce). 1 (1): 8. doi:10.1075/sic.1.1.03mar. ISSN 1571-0718. 18 Nisan 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 7 Haziran 2021. By 'international' I am referring to a language spoken as a mother tongue in more than one national context. This is not necessarily (or normally) the same as a 'global' language. To define the latter it is necessary to identify certain criteria [...] The following 'tests' which I propose as necessary to meet the definition of 'global' language are based loosely on the work of David Crystal (1997) and David Graddol (1997) in respect of English as a global language. We need to ask such questions as: [...] 
  • Ammon, Ulrich (7 Ekim 2010), Coupland, Nikolas (Ed.), "World Languages: Trends and Futures", The Handbook of Language and Globalization, Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, ss. 102-103, doi:10.1002/9781444324068.ch4, ISBN 978-1-4443-2406-8, A concept of 'world language' which is useful for our purposes would be based on its global function, which means 'use for global communication' and can be specified further [...] 
  • Ammon, Ulrich (7 Ekim 2010), Coupland, Nikolas (Ed.), "World Languages: Trends and Futures", The Handbook of Language and Globalization, Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, ss. 104-116, doi:10.1002/9781444324068.ch4, ISBN 978-1-4443-2406-8 
  • Mufwene, Salikoko S. (7 Ekim 2010), Coupland, Nikolas (Ed.), "Globalization, Global English, and World English(es): Myths and Facts", The Handbook of Language and Globalization, Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, s. 43, doi:10.1002/9781444324068.ch1, ISBN 978-1-4443-2406-8, overlooking variation across nations, Arabic counts as a 'world language' to the extent that it is used as a religious/ritual language wherever Islam is practiced; but it does not have that status of lingua franca associated with English and French as languages of business/trade and scholarship which are also used by non-native speakers. Arabic is thus reduced to the same status as Spanish, which outside Spain is spoken mostly in Latin America, as the dominant vernacular. 
  • Ammon, Ulrich (2010), "World Languages: Trends and Futures", The Handbook of Language and Globalization (İngilizce), John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, ss. 116-117, doi:10.1002/9781444324068.ch4, ISBN 978-1-4443-2406-8, There is virtually no descriptive parameter or indicator for the international or global rank of a language which, if applied to today's languages world-wide, does not place English at the top 
  • Mufwene, Salikoko S. (7 Ekim 2010), Coupland, Nikolas (Ed.), "Globalization, Global English, and World English(es): Myths and Facts", The Handbook of Language and Globalization, Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, s. 43, doi:10.1002/9781444324068.ch1, ISBN 978-1-4443-2406-8, It thus appears that what has made English the foremost "world language" is its function as lingua franca 
  • Ammon, Ulrich (7 Ekim 2010), Coupland, Nikolas (Ed.), "World Languages: Trends and Futures", The Handbook of Language and Globalization, Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, s. 103, doi:10.1002/9781444324068.ch4, ISBN 978-1-4443-2406-8, It is such usage, as lingua franca, that distinguishes English most noticeably from other languages. 
  • Ammon, Ulrich (7 Ekim 2010), Coupland, Nikolas (Ed.), "World Languages: Trends and Futures", The Handbook of Language and Globalization, Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, s. 102, doi:10.1002/9781444324068.ch4, ISBN 978-1-4443-2406-8, We would nevertheless include Spanish into the plurality of world languages with which we deal here, on the grounds that one finds those who speak it as a foreign language in countries around the world. 
  • Mufwene, Salikoko S. (7 Ekim 2010), Coupland, Nikolas (Ed.), "Globalization, Global English, and World English(es): Myths and Facts", The Handbook of Language and Globalization, Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, ss. 42-43, doi:10.1002/9781444324068.ch1, ISBN 978-1-4443-2406-8, By the middle of the twentieth century, a few European colonial languages had emerged as 'world languages,' in the sense of languages spoken as vernaculars or as lingua francas outside their homelands and by populations other than those ethnically or nationally associated with them. These included English, French, Russian, and Spanish. [...] Arabic counts as a 'world language' to the extent that it is used as a religious/ritual language wherever Islam is practiced; but it does not have that status of lingua franca associated with English and French as languages of business/trade and scholarship which are also used by non-native speakers. Arabic is thus reduced to the same status as Spanish, which outside Spain is spoken mostly in Latin America, as the dominant vernacular. 

jbe-platform.com

  • Mar-Molinero, Clare (1 Ocak 2004). "Spanish as a world language: Language and identity in a global era". Spanish in Context (İngilizce). 1 (1): 8. doi:10.1075/sic.1.1.03mar. ISSN 1571-0718. 18 Nisan 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 7 Haziran 2021. By 'international' I am referring to a language spoken as a mother tongue in more than one national context. This is not necessarily (or normally) the same as a 'global' language. To define the latter it is necessary to identify certain criteria [...] The following 'tests' which I propose as necessary to meet the definition of 'global' language are based loosely on the work of David Crystal (1997) and David Graddol (1997) in respect of English as a global language. We need to ask such questions as: [...] 

web.archive.org

  • Ammon, Ulrich (1997), Stevenson, Patrick (Ed.), "To What Extent is German an International Language?", The German Language and the Real World: Sociolinguistic, Cultural, and Pragmatic Perspectives on Contemporary German (İngilizce), Clarendon Press, ss. 25-53, ISBN 978-0-19-823738-9, 9 Mayıs 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi, erişim tarihi: 7 Haziran 2021 
  • de Mejía, Anne-Marie (2002). Power, Prestige, and Bilingualism: International Perspectives on Elite Bilingual Education (İngilizce). Multilingual Matters. ss. 47-49. ISBN 978-1-85359-590-5. 9 Mayıs 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 7 Haziran 2021. 'international language' or 'world language' [...] The following languages of wider communication, that may be used as first or as second or foreign languages, are generally recognised: English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, Arabic, Russian and Chinese. 
  • Ammon, Ulrich (1989). Status and Function of Languages and Language Varieties (İngilizce). Walter de Gruyter. s. 422. ISBN 978-3-11-086025-2. 10 Mayıs 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 13 Şubat 2021. By the term world language approximately the following can be understood: Firstly, [...]. Secondly, international planned languages (e.g Esperanto, Ido, Interlingua). 
  • Wright, Roger (2012), Hernández-Campoy, Juan Manuel; Conde-Silvestre, Juan Camilo (Ed.), "Convergence and Divergence in World Languages", The Handbook of Language and Globalization, John Wiley & Sons, s. 552, doi:10.1002/9781118257227.ch30, ISBN 978-1-4051-9068-8, 16 Nisan 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi, erişim tarihi: 7 Haziran 2021, There is no generally agreed precise definition of what counts as a 'World' Language. For the purposes of this chapter, they can be defined as languages spoken over a wide geographical area, often as a result of previous colonization, and in many cases by native speakers of some other language. The category now includes Spanish, Portuguese, French, and English, but with reference to historically earlier periods the label has been applied to Latin [...] 
  • Crystal, David (2003). English as a global language (PDF) (2. bas.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. s. 190. ISBN 0-511-07862-5. OCLC 57418548. 18 Ocak 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 7 Haziran 2021. The emergence of English with a genuine global presence therefore has a significance which goes well beyond this particular language. Because there are no precedents for languages achieving this level of use (if we exclude Latin, which was in a sense 'global' when the world was much smaller), we do not know what happens to them in such circumstances. 
  • Wright, Roger (2012), Hernández-Campoy, Juan Manuel; Conde-Silvestre, Juan Camilo (Ed.), "Convergence and Divergence in World Languages", The Handbook of Language and Globalization, John Wiley & Sons, s. 552, doi:10.1002/9781118257227.ch30, ISBN 978-1-4051-9068-8, 16 Nisan 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi, erişim tarihi: 16 Nisan 2021, There is no generally agreed precise definition of what counts as a 'World' Language. For the purposes of this chapter, they can be defined as languages spoken over a wide geographical area, often as a result of previous colonization, and in many cases by native speakers of some other language. The category now includes Spanish, Portuguese, French, and English, but with reference to historically earlier periods the label has been applied to Latin [...] 
  • Mar-Molinero, Clare (1 Ocak 2004). "Spanish as a world language: Language and identity in a global era". Spanish in Context (İngilizce). 1 (1): 8. doi:10.1075/sic.1.1.03mar. ISSN 1571-0718. 18 Nisan 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 7 Haziran 2021. By 'international' I am referring to a language spoken as a mother tongue in more than one national context. This is not necessarily (or normally) the same as a 'global' language. To define the latter it is necessary to identify certain criteria [...] The following 'tests' which I propose as necessary to meet the definition of 'global' language are based loosely on the work of David Crystal (1997) and David Graddol (1997) in respect of English as a global language. We need to ask such questions as: [...] 

worldcat.org