Germanyum (Turkish Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Germanyum" in Turkish language version.

Last modified: 05:15:00, 2 July 2026 (UTC)

Ref.Un. Ref.Website

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6549doi.org

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6433web.archive.org

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183usgs.gov

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146worldcat.org

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1110archive.org

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103bnf.fr

61^st place

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87nih.gov

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51acs.org

865^th place

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44arxiv.org

49^th place

78^th place

42uni-goettingen.de

2,423^rd place

5,199^th place

32zenodo.org

737^th place

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22researchgate.net

96^th place

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21osti.gov

2,098^th place

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21google.com

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11uiuc.edu

4,225^th place

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11cornell.edu

308^th place

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11nytimes.com

7^th place

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11computerhistory.org

2,702^nd place

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11cam.ac.uk

569^th place

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11greatachievements.org

low place

11lanl.gov

5,474^th place

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11rsc.org

2,104^th place

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11deutsche-rohstoffagentur.de

low place

11gtk.fi

low place

11pearsoncmg.com

low place

11osta.org

low place

11purdue.edu

1,391^st place

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11ortec-online.com

low place

11soton.ac.uk

6,784^th place

6,337^th place

11euronews.com

587^th place

104^th place

11cnn.com

36^th place

57^th place

11reuters.com

38^th place

49^th place

acs.org (Global: 865^th place; Turkish: 926^th place)

pubs.acs.org

Bethany Halford (2003). "Germanium". Chemical & Engineering News. American Chemical Society. 13 Mayıs 2008 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ağustos 2008.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; Turkish: 4^th place)

J. Bardeen (1948). "The Transistor, A Semi-Conductor Triode". Physical Review. 74 (2): 230-231. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.74.230.
Gordon K. Teal (July 1976). "Single Crystals of Germanium and Silicon-Basic to the Transistor and Integrated Circuit". IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. ED-23 (7): 621-639. doi:10.1109/T-ED.1976.18464.
Lévy (August 2005). "Magnetic field-induced superconductivity in the ferromagnet URhGe". Science. 309 (5739): 1343-1346. doi:10.1126/science.1115498. PMID 16123293.
Shyam S. Bayya (2002). "Infrared Transparent Germanate Glass-Ceramics". Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 85 (12): 3114-3116. doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00594.x.
Drugoveiko (1975). "Infrared reflectance and transmission spectra of germanium dioxide and its hydrolysis products". Journal of Applied Spectroscopy. 22 (2): 191-193. doi:10.1007/BF00614256.
V. Kunde (1982). "The tropospheric gas composition of Jupiter's north equatorial belt /NH₃, PH₃, CH₃D, GeH₄, H₂O/ and the Jovian D/H isotopic ratio". Astrophysical Journal. 263: 443-467. doi:10.1086/160516.
Alan H. Lettington (1998). "Applications of diamond-like carbon thin films". Carbon. 36 (5–6): 555-560. doi:10.1016/S0008-6223(98)00062-1.
Ades TB, (Ed.) (2009). "Germanium". American Cancer Society Complete Guide to Complementary and Alternative Cancer Therapies. 2nd. American Cancer Society. ss. 360-363. ISBN 978-0944235713. |ad= eksik (yardım)
Baselt, R. (2008). Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man. 8th. Foster City, CA: Biomedical Publications. ss. 693-694.
G. B. Gerber (1997). "Mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and teratogenicity of germanium compounds". Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 387 (3): 141-146. doi:10.1016/S1383-5742(97)00034-3. PMID 9439710.

arxiv.org (Global: 49^th place; Turkish: 78^th place)

Agnese (27 Ağustos 2018). "Energy loss due to defect formation from 206Pb recoils in SuperCDMS germanium detectors". Applied Physics Letters. 113 (9): 092101. arXiv:1805.09942 . doi:10.1063/1.5041457. ISSN 0003-6951.
N. C. Sterling (2002). "Discovery of Enhanced Germanium Abundances in Planetary Nebulae with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 578 (1): L55-L58. arXiv:astro-ph/0208516 . doi:10.1086/344473.
Diehl (2006). "Astrophysical constraints from gamma-ray spectroscopy". Nuclear Physics A. 777 (2006): 70-97. arXiv:astro-ph/0502324 . doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.02.155.
Sigillito (7 Aralık 2015). "Electron Spin Coherence of Shallow Donors in Natural and Isotopically Enriched Germanium". Physical Review Letters. 115 (24): 247601. arXiv:1506.05767 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.247601. PMID 26705654.

bnf.fr (Global: 61^st place; Turkish: 646^th place)

gallica.bnf.fr

Clemens Winkler (1887). "Mittheilungen über des Germanium. Zweite Abhandlung". J. Prak. Chemie (Almanca). 36 (1): 177-209. doi:10.1002/prac.18870360119. 3 Kasım 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi20 Ağustos 2008.
Clemens Winkler (1887). "Germanium, Ge, a New Nonmetal Element". Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft (Almanca). 19 (1): 210-211. doi:10.1002/cber.18860190156. 7 Aralık 2008 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi.
M. Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1886). "Sur le poids atomique du germanium". Comptes Rendus (Fransızca). 103: 452. 20 Haziran 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi20 Ağustos 2008.

cam.ac.uk (Global: 569^th place; Turkish: 831^st place)

sp.phy.cam.ac.uk

"SiGe History". University of Cambridge. 5 Ağustos 2008 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ağustos 2008.

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; Turkish: 57^th place)

edition.cnn.com

China hits back in the chip war, imposing export curbs on crucial raw materials 5 Temmuz 2023 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi., CNN, 3 July 2023.

computerhistory.org (Global: 2,702^nd place; Turkish: 3,146^th place)

"1941 – Semiconductor diode rectifiers serve in WW II". Computer History Museum. 24 Eylül 2008 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ağustos 2008.

cornell.edu (Global: 308^th place; Turkish: 568^th place)

cdl.library.cornell.edu

"Germanium, a New Non-Metallic Element". The Manufacturer and Builder: 181. 1887. 19 Aralık 2008 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi20 Ağustos 2008.

deutsche-rohstoffagentur.de (Global: low place; Turkish: low place)

"Archived copy" (PDF). 6 Ekim 2018 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 6 Ekim 2018.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; Turkish: 2^nd place)

Avarmaa (June 2019). "Critical Metals Ga, Ge and In: Experimental Evidence for Smelter Recovery Improvements". Minerals (İngilizce). 9 (6): 367. doi:10.3390/min9060367.
Clemens Winkler (1887). "Mittheilungen über des Germanium. Zweite Abhandlung". J. Prak. Chemie (Almanca). 36 (1): 177-209. doi:10.1002/prac.18870360119. 3 Kasım 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi20 Ağustos 2008.
Clemens Winkler (1887). "Germanium, Ge, a New Nonmetal Element". Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft (Almanca). 19 (1): 210-211. doi:10.1002/cber.18860190156. 7 Aralık 2008 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi.
O. Brunck (1886). "Obituary: Clemens Winkler". Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft (Almanca). 39 (4): 4491-4548. doi:10.1002/cber.190603904164. 1 Ağustos 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi7 Haziran 2020.
J. Bardeen (1948). "The Transistor, A Semi-Conductor Triode". Physical Review. 74 (2): 230-231. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.74.230.
Gordon K. Teal (July 1976). "Single Crystals of Germanium and Silicon-Basic to the Transistor and Integrated Circuit". IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. ED-23 (7): 621-639. doi:10.1109/T-ED.1976.18464.
Agnese (27 Ağustos 2018). "Energy loss due to defect formation from 206Pb recoils in SuperCDMS germanium detectors". Applied Physics Letters. 113 (9): 092101. arXiv:1805.09942 . doi:10.1063/1.5041457. ISSN 0003-6951.
Lévy (August 2005). "Magnetic field-induced superconductivity in the ferromagnet URhGe". Science. 309 (5739): 1343-1346. doi:10.1126/science.1115498. PMID 16123293.
E. I. Givargizov (1972). "Morphology of Germanium Whiskers". Kristall und Technik. 7 (1–3): 37–41. doi:10.1002/crat.19720070107.
Tabet, N (1998). "KRXPS study of the oxidation of Ge(001) surface". Applied Surface Science. 134 (1–4): 275-282. doi:10.1016/S0169-4332(98)00251-7.
Tabet, N (1999). "XPS study of the growth kinetics of thin films obtained by thermal oxidation of germanium substrates". Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. 101–103: 233-238. doi:10.1016/S0368-2048(98)00451-4.
Xu (1999). "Oxidative Coupling of Deltahedral [Ge₉]⁴⁻ Zintl Ions". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121 (39): 9245-9246. doi:10.1021/ja992269s.
Shyam S. Bayya (2002). "Infrared Transparent Germanate Glass-Ceramics". Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 85 (12): 3114-3116. doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00594.x.
Drugoveiko (1975). "Infrared reflectance and transmission spectra of germanium dioxide and its hydrolysis products". Journal of Applied Spectroscopy. 22 (2): 191-193. doi:10.1007/BF00614256.
A. W. Lightstone (1986). "A Bismuth Germanate-Avalanche Photodiode Module Designed for Use in High Resolution Positron Emission Tomography". IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. 33 (1): 456-459. doi:10.1109/TNS.1986.4337142.
Otto H. Johnson (1952). "Germanium and its Inorganic Compounds". Chem. Rev. 51 (3): 431-469. doi:10.1021/cr60160a002.
Fröba (1997). "First synthesis of mesostructured thiogermanates". Chemical Communications (18): 1729-1730. doi:10.1039/a703634e.
I.R. Beattie (1998). "The Crystal Structure and Raman Spectrum of Ge₅Cl₁₂·GeCl₄ and the Vibrational Spectrum of Ge₂Cl₆". Inorg. Chem. 37 (23): 6032-6034. doi:10.1021/ic9807341. PMID 11670739.
Jacques Satge (1984). "Reactive intermediates in organogermanium chemistry". Pure Appl. Chem. 56 (1): 137-150. doi:10.1351/pac198456010137.
Denis Quane (1963). "Organogermanium Chemistry". Chemical Reviews. 63 (4): 403-442. doi:10.1021/cr60224a004.
S. H. Tao (June 1997). "Hazard Assessment of Germanium Supplements". Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 25 (3): 211-219. doi:10.1006/rtph.1997.1098. PMID 9237323. 10 Mart 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi30 Haziran 2019.
N. C. Sterling (2002). "Discovery of Enhanced Germanium Abundances in Planetary Nebulae with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 578 (1): L55-L58. arXiv:astro-ph/0208516 . doi:10.1086/344473.
John Cowan (1 Mayıs 2003). "Astronomy: Elements of surprise". Nature. 423 (29): 29. doi:10.1038/423029a. PMID 12721614.
V. Kunde (1982). "The tropospheric gas composition of Jupiter's north equatorial belt /NH₃, PH₃, CH₃D, GeH₄, H₂O/ and the Jovian D/H isotopic ratio". Astrophysical Journal. 263: 443-467. doi:10.1086/160516.
R. Höll (2007). "Metallogenesis of germanium – A review". Ore Geology Reviews. 30 (3–4): 145-180. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2005.07.034.
Frenzel (2016). "The distribution of gallium, germanium and indium in conventional and non-conventional resources – Implications for global availability (PDF Download Available)". ResearchGate. Unpublished. doi:10.13140/rg.2.2.20956.18564. 6 Ekim 2018 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi10 Haziran 2017.
Roberts ve diğerleri. (December 2004). "Eyselite, Fe3+Ge34+O7(OH), a new mineral species from Tsumeb, Namibia". The Canadian Mineralogist. 42 (6): 1771-1776. doi:10.2113/gscanmin.42.6.1771. 7 Temmuz 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi6 Temmuz 2023.
Bernstein, L (1985). "Germanium geochemistry and mineralogy". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 49 (11): 2409-2422. doi:10.1016/0016-7037(85)90241-8.
Frenzel (July 2016). "Gallium, germanium, indium and other minor and trace elements in sphalerite as a function of deposit type – A meta-analysis". Ore Geology Reviews. 76: 52-78. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2015.12.017.
Frenzel (29 Aralık 2013). "On the geological availability of germanium". Mineralium Deposita. 49 (4): 471-486. doi:10.1007/s00126-013-0506-z. ISSN 0026-4598.
Frenzel (19 Ocak 2014). "Erratum to: On the geological availability of germanium". Mineralium Deposita. 49 (4): 487. doi:10.1007/s00126-014-0509-4. ISSN 0026-4598.
A. V. Naumov (2007). "World market of germanium and its prospects". Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals. 48 (4): 265-272. doi:10.3103/S1067821207040049.
Moskalyk, R. R. (2004). "Review of germanium processing worldwide". Minerals Engineering. 17 (3): 393-402. doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2003.11.014.
G. H. Rieke (2007). "Infrared Detector Arrays for Astronomy". Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 45 (1): 77-115. doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.44.051905.092436.
Alan H. Lettington (1998). "Applications of diamond-like carbon thin films". Carbon. 36 (5–6): 555-560. doi:10.1016/S0008-6223(98)00062-1.
Michael N. Gardos (1990). Holly, Sandor (Ed.). "Study on correlating rain erosion resistance with sliding abrasion resistance of DLC on germanium". Proc. SPIE. SPIE Proceedings. 1325 (Mechanical Properties): 99. doi:10.1117/12.22449. |ad= eksik (yardım)
K. Washio (2003). "SiGe HBT and BiCMOS technologies for optical transmission and wireless communication systems". IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. 50 (3): 656-668. doi:10.1109/TED.2003.810484.
Bailey (2002). "Space and terrestrial photovoltaics: synergy and diversity". Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications. 10 (6): 399-406. doi:10.1002/pip.446.
D. Crisp (January 2004). "The performance of gallium arsenide/germanium solar cells at the Martian surface". Acta Astronautica. 54 (2): 83-101. doi:10.1016/S0094-5765(02)00287-4.
Wu (August 2016). "Fully Depleted Ge CMOS Devices and Logic Circuits on Si" (PDF). IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. 63 (8): 3028-3035. doi:10.1109/TED.2016.2581203. 6 Mart 2019 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi4 Mart 2019.
Szweda, Roy (2005). "Germanium phoenix". III-Vs Review. 18 (7): 55. doi:10.1016/S0961-1290(05)71310-7.
Zhao (21 Temmuz 2022). "Biodegradable germanium electronics for integrated biosensing of physiological signals". NPJ Flexible Electronics. 6. doi:10.1038/s41528-022-00196-2. KB1 bakım: göster-yazarlar (link)
Ulrich K. Thiele (2001). "The Current Status of Catalysis and Catalyst Development for the Industrial Process of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Polycondensation". International Journal of Polymeric Materials. 50 (3): 387-394. doi:10.1080/00914030108035115.
Fang (2007). "Germania-Based, Sol-Gel Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Coatings for Capillary Microextraction and Gas Chromatography". Anal. Chem. 79 (24): 9441-9451. doi:10.1021/ac071056f. PMID 17994707.
Ahmed (1996). "Optimization of Germanium for Neutron Diffractometers". International Journal of Modern Physics E. 5 (1): 131-151. doi:10.1142/S0218301396000062.
Diehl (2006). "Astrophysical constraints from gamma-ray spectroscopy". Nuclear Physics A. 777 (2006): 70-97. arXiv:astro-ph/0502324 . doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.02.155.
Shen (18 Ekim 2010). "Spin transport in germanium at room temperature" (PDF). Applied Physics Letters. 97 (16): 162104. doi:10.1063/1.3505337. ISSN 0003-6951. 22 Eylül 2017 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi16 Kasım 2018.
Sigillito (7 Aralık 2015). "Electron Spin Coherence of Shallow Donors in Natural and Isotopically Enriched Germanium". Physical Review Letters. 115 (24): 247601. arXiv:1506.05767 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.247601. PMID 26705654.
G. B. Gerber (1997). "Mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and teratogenicity of germanium compounds". Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 387 (3): 141-146. doi:10.1016/S1383-5742(97)00034-3. PMID 9439710.

euronews.com (Global: 587^th place; Turkish: 104^th place)

China restricts exports of two metals that the EU considers of 'strategic' importance 6 Temmuz 2023 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi., Euronews, 4 July 2023.

google.com (Global: 109^th place; Turkish: 102^nd place)

Perreault, Bruce A. "Alpha Fusion Electrical Energy Valve" 12 Ekim 2007 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi., US Patent 7800286, issued September 21, 2010.

greatachievements.org (Global: low place; Turkish: low place)

"Electronics History 4 – Transistors". National Academy of Engineering. 20 Ekim 2007 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ağustos 2008.

gtk.fi (Global: low place; Turkish: low place)

tupa.gtk.fi

"Archived copy" (PDF). 20 Mart 2020 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 6 Ekim 2018.

lanl.gov (Global: 5,474^th place; Turkish: 5,380^th place)

periodic.lanl.gov

"Germanium". Los Alamos National Laboratory. 22 Haziran 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 28 Ağustos 2008.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; Turkish: 8^th place)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Lévy (August 2005). "Magnetic field-induced superconductivity in the ferromagnet URhGe". Science. 309 (5739): 1343-1346. doi:10.1126/science.1115498. PMID 16123293.
I.R. Beattie (1998). "The Crystal Structure and Raman Spectrum of Ge₅Cl₁₂·GeCl₄ and the Vibrational Spectrum of Ge₂Cl₆". Inorg. Chem. 37 (23): 6032-6034. doi:10.1021/ic9807341. PMID 11670739.
S. H. Tao (June 1997). "Hazard Assessment of Germanium Supplements". Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 25 (3): 211-219. doi:10.1006/rtph.1997.1098. PMID 9237323. 10 Mart 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi30 Haziran 2019.
John Cowan (1 Mayıs 2003). "Astronomy: Elements of surprise". Nature. 423 (29): 29. doi:10.1038/423029a. PMID 12721614.
Fang (2007). "Germania-Based, Sol-Gel Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Coatings for Capillary Microextraction and Gas Chromatography". Anal. Chem. 79 (24): 9441-9451. doi:10.1021/ac071056f. PMID 17994707.
Sigillito (7 Aralık 2015). "Electron Spin Coherence of Shallow Donors in Natural and Isotopically Enriched Germanium". Physical Review Letters. 115 (24): 247601. arXiv:1506.05767 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.247601. PMID 26705654.
G. B. Gerber (1997). "Mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and teratogenicity of germanium compounds". Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 387 (3): 141-146. doi:10.1016/S1383-5742(97)00034-3. PMID 9439710.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; Turkish: 19^th place)

select.nytimes.com

W. K. (10 Mayıs 1953). "Germanium for Electronic Devices". The New York Times. 13 Haziran 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ağustos 2008.

ortec-online.com (Global: low place; Turkish: low place)

"Performance of Light-Weight, Battery-Operated, High Purity Germanium Detectors for Field Use" (PDF). Oak Ridge Technical Enterprise Corporation (ORTEC). 26 Ekim 2007 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 6 Eylül 2008.

osta.org (Global: low place; Turkish: low place)

"Understanding Recordable & Rewritable DVD" (PDF). First. Optical Storage Technology Association (OSTA). 19 Nisan 2009 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Eylül 2008.

osti.gov (Global: 2,098^th place; Turkish: 2,881^st place)

Haller, E. E. (14 Haziran 2006). "Germanium: From Its Discovery to SiGe Devices" (PDF). Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley. 10 Temmuz 2019 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi22 Ağustos 2008.

pearsoncmg.com (Global: low place; Turkish: low place)

ptgmedia.pearsoncmg.com

"Chapter III: Optical Fiber For Communications" (PDF). Stanford Research Institute. 5 Aralık 2014 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ağustos 2008.

purdue.edu (Global: 1,391^st place; Turkish: 1,122^nd place)

engineering.purdue.edu

Wu (August 2016). "Fully Depleted Ge CMOS Devices and Logic Circuits on Si" (PDF). IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. 63 (8): 3028-3035. doi:10.1109/TED.2016.2581203. 6 Mart 2019 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi4 Mart 2019.

researchgate.net (Global: 96^th place; Turkish: 103^rd place)

Frenzel (2016). "The distribution of gallium, germanium and indium in conventional and non-conventional resources – Implications for global availability (PDF Download Available)". ResearchGate. Unpublished. doi:10.13140/rg.2.2.20956.18564. 6 Ekim 2018 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi10 Haziran 2017.
Roberts ve diğerleri. (December 2004). "Eyselite, Fe3+Ge34+O7(OH), a new mineral species from Tsumeb, Namibia". The Canadian Mineralogist. 42 (6): 1771-1776. doi:10.2113/gscanmin.42.6.1771. 7 Temmuz 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi6 Temmuz 2023.

reuters.com (Global: 38^th place; Turkish: 49^th place)

China to restrict exports of chipmaking materials as US mulls new curbs 5 Temmuz 2023 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi., Reuters, 4 Juy 2023.

rsc.org (Global: 2,104^th place; Turkish: 1,275^th place)

Phillip Broadwith (25 Mart 2012). "Germanium-oxygen double bond takes centre stage". Chemistry World. 17 Mayıs 2014 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Mayıs 2014.

soton.ac.uk (Global: 6,784^th place; Turkish: 6,337^th place)

eprints.soton.ac.uk

Shen (18 Ekim 2010). "Spin transport in germanium at room temperature" (PDF). Applied Physics Letters. 97 (16): 162104. doi:10.1063/1.3505337. ISSN 0003-6951. 22 Eylül 2017 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi16 Kasım 2018.

uiuc.edu (Global: 4,225^th place; Turkish: 2,854^th place)

scs.uiuc.edu

Masanori Kaji (2002). "D. I. Mendeleev's concept of chemical elements and The Principles of Chemistry" (PDF). Bulletin for the History of Chemistry. 27 (1): 4-16. 17 Aralık 2008 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi20 Ağustos 2008.

uni-goettingen.de (Global: 2,423^rd place; Turkish: 5,199^th place)

resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de

V. M. Goldschmidt (1930). "Ueber das Vorkommen des Germaniums in Steinkohlen und Steinkohlenprodukten". Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse: 141-167. 3 Mart 2018 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi25 Ağustos 2008.
V. M. Goldschmidt (1933). "Zur Geochemie des Germaniums". Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse: 141-167. 1 Aralık 2008 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi25 Ağustos 2008.

usgs.gov (Global: 119^th place; Turkish: 187^th place)

minerals.usgs.gov

U.S. Geological Survey (2008). "Germanium – Statistics and Information". U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries. 16 Eylül 2008 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi28 Ağustos 2008. Select 2008
R.N. Soar (1977). USGS Minerals Information. U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Commodity Summaries. ISBN 978-0-85934-039-7. OCLC 16437701. 7 Mayıs 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Nisan 2013.
Robert D. Jr. (2000). "Germanium" (PDF). U.S. Geological Survey. 8 Haziran 2011 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Eylül 2008.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; Turkish: 1^st place)

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zenodo.org (Global: 737^th place; Turkish: 652^nd place)

O. Brunck (1886). "Obituary: Clemens Winkler". Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft (Almanca). 39 (4): 4491-4548. doi:10.1002/cber.190603904164. 1 Ağustos 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi7 Haziran 2020.
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