Koulouri, Christina; Murgescu, Bogdan, (Ed.) (2005). Ottoman Empire. Teaching modern southeast European history : alternative educational materials / series editor Christina Koulouri, Center for Democracy and Reconciliation in Southeast Europe, ISBN 9608685729, 9789608685727. 1. Center for Democracy and Reconciliation in Southeast Europe. s. 93. ISBN9789608685734. Erişim tarihi: 31 Ekim 2019. Generally, in order to become a master (usta), one had first to be an apprentice (çirak) and then an aid (kalfa).r eksik |soyadı1= (yardım)