Modern Loren ve Belçika'yı yöneten Lotharingia kralı II. Lothar'dan sonra.Jonathan, J. (2011). "Caliph, King, or Grandfather: Strategies of Legitimization on the Spanish March in the Reign of Lothar III". The Mediaeval Journal. 1 (2). ss. 1-22. doi:10.1484/j.tmj.1.102535.