NGC 221 (Turkish Wikipedia)
Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "NGC 221" in Turkish language version.
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Turkish rank
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47th place
1st place
1st place
6th place
6th place
887th place
475th place
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8,590th place
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archive.org (Global: 6th place; Turkish: 6th place)
- Jensen, Joseph B.; Tonry, John L.; Barris, Brian J.; Thompson, Rodger I.; Liu, Michael C.; Rieke, Marcia J.; Ajhar, Edward A.; Blakeslee, John P. (2003). "Measuring Distances and Probing the Unresolved Stellar Populations of Galaxies Using Infrared Surface Brightness Fluctuations". Astrophysical Journal. 583 (2). ss. 712-726. arXiv:astro-ph/0210129
. Bibcode:2003ApJ...583..712J. doi:10.1086/345430. - Karachentsev, I. D.; Karachentseva, V. E.; Hutchmeier, W. K.; Makarov, D. I. (2004). "A Catalog of Neighboring Galaxies". Astronomical Journal. 127 (4). ss. 2031-2068. Bibcode:2004AJ....127.2031K. doi:10.1086/382905.
- Choi, P. I.; Guhathakurta, P.; Johnston, K. V. (2002). "Tidal Interaction of M32 and NGC 205 with M31: Surface Photometry and Numerical Simulations". Astronomical Journal. 124 (1). ss. 310-331. arXiv:astro-ph/0111465 . Bibcode:2002AJ....124..310C. doi:10.1086/341041.
- Joseph, C. L.; Merritt, D.; Olling, R.; Valluri, M.; Bender, R.; Bower, G.; Danks, A.; Gull, T.; Hutchings, J.; Kaiser, M. E.; Maran, S.; Weistrop, D.; Woodgate, B.; Malumuth, E.; Nelson, C.; Plait, P.; Lindler, D. (2001). "The Nuclear Dynamics of M32. I. Data and Stellar Kinematics". Astrophysical Journal. 550 (2). ss. 668-690. arXiv:astro-ph/0005530 . Bibcode:2001ApJ...550..668J. doi:10.1086/319781.
- Valluri, M.; Merritt, D.; Emsellem, E. (2004). "Difficulties with Recovering the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes from Stellar Kinematical Data". Astrophysical Journal. 602 (1). ss. 66-92. arXiv:astro-ph/0210379 . Bibcode:2004ApJ...602...66V. doi:10.1086/380896.
- Ho, Luis C.; Terashima, Yuichi; Ulvestad, James S. (2003). "Detection of the "Active" Nucleus of M32". Astrophysical Journal. 589 (2). ss. 783-789. arXiv:astro-ph/0303060 . Bibcode:2003ApJ...589..783H. doi:10.1086/374738.
arxiv.org (Global: 69th place; Turkish: 232nd place)
- Jensen, Joseph B.; Tonry, John L.; Barris, Brian J.; Thompson, Rodger I.; Liu, Michael C.; Rieke, Marcia J.; Ajhar, Edward A.; Blakeslee, John P. (2003). "Measuring Distances and Probing the Unresolved Stellar Populations of Galaxies Using Infrared Surface Brightness Fluctuations". Astrophysical Journal. 583 (2). ss. 712-726. arXiv:astro-ph/0210129 . Bibcode:2003ApJ...583..712J. doi:10.1086/345430.
- Mateo, M. L. (1998). "Dwarf Galaxies of the Local Group". Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. Cilt 36. ss. 435-506. arXiv:astro-ph/9810070 . Bibcode:1998ARA&A..36..435M. doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.36.1.435.
- Bekki, Kenji; Couch, Warrick J.; Drinkwater, Michael J.; Gregg, Michael D. (2001). "A New Formation Model for M32: A Threshed Early-Type Spiral Galaxy?" (PDF). Astrophysical Journal Letters. 557 (1). ss. L39. arXiv:astroph/0107117 . Bibcode:2001ApJ...557L..39B. doi:10.1086/323075.
- Graham, A. W. (2002). "Evidence for an Outer Disk in the Prototype Compact Elliptical Galaxy M32". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 568 (1). ss. L13-L17. arXiv:astro-ph/0202307 . Bibcode:2002ApJ...568L..13G. doi:10.1086/340274.
- Dierickx, M.; Blecha, L.; Loeb, A. (2014). "Signatures of the M31-M32 Galactic Collision". Astrophysical Journal. 788 (2). ss. L38. arXiv:1405.3990 . Bibcode:2014ApJ...788L..38D. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/788/2/L38.
- Choi, P. I.; Guhathakurta, P.; Johnston, K. V. (2002). "Tidal Interaction of M32 and NGC 205 with M31: Surface Photometry and Numerical Simulations". Astronomical Journal. 124 (1). ss. 310-331. arXiv:astro-ph/0111465 . Bibcode:2002AJ....124..310C. doi:10.1086/341041.
- D’Souza, Richard; Bell, Eric F. (23 Temmuz 2018). "The Andromeda galaxy's most important merger about 2 billion years ago as M32's likely progenitor". Nature Astronomy (İngilizce). 2 (9). ss. 737-743. arXiv:1807.08819 . Bibcode:2018NatAs...2..737D. doi:10.1038/s41550-018-0533-x. ISSN 2397-3366.
- Joseph, C. L.; Merritt, D.; Olling, R.; Valluri, M.; Bender, R.; Bower, G.; Danks, A.; Gull, T.; Hutchings, J.; Kaiser, M. E.; Maran, S.; Weistrop, D.; Woodgate, B.; Malumuth, E.; Nelson, C.; Plait, P.; Lindler, D. (2001). "The Nuclear Dynamics of M32. I. Data and Stellar Kinematics". Astrophysical Journal. 550 (2). ss. 668-690. arXiv:astro-ph/0005530 . Bibcode:2001ApJ...550..668J. doi:10.1086/319781.
- Verolme, E. K.; Cappellari, M.; Copin, Y.; van der Marel, R. P.; Bacon, R.; Bureau, M.; Davies, R. L.; Miller, B. M.; de Zeeuw, P. T. (2002). "A SAURON study of M32: measuring the intrinsic flattening and the central black hole mass". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 335 (3). ss. 517-525. arXiv:astro-ph/0201086 . Bibcode:2002MNRAS.335..517V. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15832.x.
- Valluri, M.; Merritt, D.; Emsellem, E. (2004). "Difficulties with Recovering the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes from Stellar Kinematical Data". Astrophysical Journal. 602 (1). ss. 66-92. arXiv:astro-ph/0210379 . Bibcode:2004ApJ...602...66V. doi:10.1086/380896.
- van den Bosch, R. C. E.; de Zeeuw, P. T. (2010). "Estimating black hole masses in triaxial galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 401 (3). ss. 1770-1780. arXiv:0910.0844 . Bibcode:2010MNRAS.401.1770V. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15832.x.
- Ho, Luis C.; Terashima, Yuichi; Ulvestad, James S. (2003). "Detection of the "Active" Nucleus of M32". Astrophysical Journal. 589 (2). ss. 783-789. arXiv:astro-ph/0303060 . Bibcode:2003ApJ...589..783H. doi:10.1086/374738.
- Yang, Yang; Li, Zhiyuan; Sjouwerman, Loránt O.; Wang, Q. Daniel; Gu, Qiusheng; Kraft, Ralph P.; Yuan, Feng (2015). "Detection of a Compact Nuclear Radio Source in the Local Group Elliptical Galaxy M32". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 807 (1). ss. L19. arXiv:1502.03231 . Bibcode:2015ApJ...807L..19Y. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/807/1/L19.
caltech.edu (Global: 887th place; Turkish: 475th place)
ned.ipac.caltech.edu
- "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". NED results for object NGC 0221. 7 Aralık 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 27 Ekim 2019.
- Arp, Halton (1966). "Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies". Figure 2. 25 Ekim 2018 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 21 Ekim 2019.
authors.library.caltech.edu
- Lauer, T. R.; Faber, S. M.; Currie, D. G.; Ewald, S. P.; Groth, E. J.; Hester, J. J.; Holtzman, J. A.; Light, R. M.; O'Neil Jr, E. J.; Shaya, E. J.; Westphal, J. A. (1992). "Planetary camera observations of the central parsec of M32" (PDF). Astronomical Journal. Cilt 104. ss. 552-562. Bibcode:1992AJ....104..552L. doi:10.1086/116254. 22 Temmuz 2018 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF)27 Ekim 2019.
cseligman.com (Global: low place; Turkish: 8,590th place)
- Seligman, Courtney. "NGC 221 (= M32 = PGC 2555 = Arp 168)". 13 Ekim 2018 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 28 Ocak 2019.
doi.org (Global: 2nd place; Turkish: 4th place)
- Jensen, Joseph B.; Tonry, John L.; Barris, Brian J.; Thompson, Rodger I.; Liu, Michael C.; Rieke, Marcia J.; Ajhar, Edward A.; Blakeslee, John P. (2003). "Measuring Distances and Probing the Unresolved Stellar Populations of Galaxies Using Infrared Surface Brightness Fluctuations". Astrophysical Journal. 583 (2). ss. 712-726. arXiv:astro-ph/0210129 . Bibcode:2003ApJ...583..712J. doi:10.1086/345430.
- Karachentsev, I. D.; Karachentseva, V. E.; Hutchmeier, W. K.; Makarov, D. I. (2004). "A Catalog of Neighboring Galaxies". Astronomical Journal. 127 (4). ss. 2031-2068. Bibcode:2004AJ....127.2031K. doi:10.1086/382905.
- Karachentsev, I. D.; Kashibadze, O. G. (2006). "Masses of the local group and of the M81 group estimated from distortions in the local velocity field". Astrophysics. 49 (1). ss. 3-18. Bibcode:2006Ap.....49....3K. doi:10.1007/s10511-006-0002-6.
- Kent, S. M. (1987). "Surface photometry of six local group galaxies". Astronomical Journal. Cilt 94. ss. 306-314. Bibcode:1987AJ.....94..306K. doi:10.1086/114472.
- Mateo, M. L. (1998). "Dwarf Galaxies of the Local Group". Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. Cilt 36. ss. 435-506. arXiv:astro-ph/9810070 . Bibcode:1998ARA&A..36..435M. doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.36.1.435.
- Lauer, T. R.; Faber, S. M.; Currie, D. G.; Ewald, S. P.; Groth, E. J.; Hester, J. J.; Holtzman, J. A.; Light, R. M.; O'Neil Jr, E. J.; Shaya, E. J.; Westphal, J. A. (1992). "Planetary camera observations of the central parsec of M32" (PDF). Astronomical Journal. Cilt 104. ss. 552-562. Bibcode:1992AJ....104..552L. doi:10.1086/116254. 22 Temmuz 2018 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF)27 Ekim 2019.
- Rudenko, Pavlo; Worthey, Guy; Mateo, Mario (2009). "Intermediate age clusters in the field containing M31 and M32 stars". The Astronomical Journal. 138 (6). ss. 1985-1989. Bibcode:2009AJ....138.1985R. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/138/6/1985.
- Bekki, Kenji; Couch, Warrick J.; Drinkwater, Michael J.; Gregg, Michael D. (2001). "A New Formation Model for M32: A Threshed Early-Type Spiral Galaxy?" (PDF). Astrophysical Journal Letters. 557 (1). ss. L39. arXiv:astroph/0107117 . Bibcode:2001ApJ...557L..39B. doi:10.1086/323075.
- Graham, A. W. (2002). "Evidence for an Outer Disk in the Prototype Compact Elliptical Galaxy M32". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 568 (1). ss. L13-L17. arXiv:astro-ph/0202307 . Bibcode:2002ApJ...568L..13G. doi:10.1086/340274.
- Dierickx, M.; Blecha, L.; Loeb, A. (2014). "Signatures of the M31-M32 Galactic Collision". Astrophysical Journal. 788 (2). ss. L38. arXiv:1405.3990 . Bibcode:2014ApJ...788L..38D. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/788/2/L38.
- Choi, P. I.; Guhathakurta, P.; Johnston, K. V. (2002). "Tidal Interaction of M32 and NGC 205 with M31: Surface Photometry and Numerical Simulations". Astronomical Journal. 124 (1). ss. 310-331. arXiv:astro-ph/0111465 . Bibcode:2002AJ....124..310C. doi:10.1086/341041.
- D’Souza, Richard; Bell, Eric F. (23 Temmuz 2018). "The Andromeda galaxy's most important merger about 2 billion years ago as M32's likely progenitor". Nature Astronomy (İngilizce). 2 (9). ss. 737-743. arXiv:1807.08819 . Bibcode:2018NatAs...2..737D. doi:10.1038/s41550-018-0533-x. ISSN 2397-3366.
- Tonry, J. L. (1984). "Evidence for a central mass concentration in M32". Astrophysical Journal Letters. Cilt 283. ss. L27. Bibcode:1984ApJ...283L..27T. doi:10.1086/184326.
- Bender, R.; Kormendy, J.; Dehnen, W. (1996). "Improved Evidence for a 3×106 M⊙ Black Hole in M32: Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Spectroscopy with FWHM = 0.47" Resolution". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 464 (2). ss. L123-L126. Bibcode:1996ApJ...464L.123B. doi:10.1086/310098.
- Joseph, C. L.; Merritt, D.; Olling, R.; Valluri, M.; Bender, R.; Bower, G.; Danks, A.; Gull, T.; Hutchings, J.; Kaiser, M. E.; Maran, S.; Weistrop, D.; Woodgate, B.; Malumuth, E.; Nelson, C.; Plait, P.; Lindler, D. (2001). "The Nuclear Dynamics of M32. I. Data and Stellar Kinematics". Astrophysical Journal. 550 (2). ss. 668-690. arXiv:astro-ph/0005530 . Bibcode:2001ApJ...550..668J. doi:10.1086/319781.
- Verolme, E. K.; Cappellari, M.; Copin, Y.; van der Marel, R. P.; Bacon, R.; Bureau, M.; Davies, R. L.; Miller, B. M.; de Zeeuw, P. T. (2002). "A SAURON study of M32: measuring the intrinsic flattening and the central black hole mass". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 335 (3). ss. 517-525. arXiv:astro-ph/0201086 . Bibcode:2002MNRAS.335..517V. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15832.x.
- Valluri, M.; Merritt, D.; Emsellem, E. (2004). "Difficulties with Recovering the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes from Stellar Kinematical Data". Astrophysical Journal. 602 (1). ss. 66-92. arXiv:astro-ph/0210379 . Bibcode:2004ApJ...602...66V. doi:10.1086/380896.
- van den Bosch, R. C. E.; de Zeeuw, P. T. (2010). "Estimating black hole masses in triaxial galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 401 (3). ss. 1770-1780. arXiv:0910.0844 . Bibcode:2010MNRAS.401.1770V. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15832.x.
- Ho, Luis C.; Terashima, Yuichi; Ulvestad, James S. (2003). "Detection of the "Active" Nucleus of M32". Astrophysical Journal. 589 (2). ss. 783-789. arXiv:astro-ph/0303060 . Bibcode:2003ApJ...589..783H. doi:10.1086/374738.
- Yang, Yang; Li, Zhiyuan; Sjouwerman, Loránt O.; Wang, Q. Daniel; Gu, Qiusheng; Kraft, Ralph P.; Yuan, Feng (2015). "Detection of a Compact Nuclear Radio Source in the Local Group Elliptical Galaxy M32". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 807 (1). ss. L19. arXiv:1502.03231 . Bibcode:2015ApJ...807L..19Y. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/807/1/L19.
harvard.edu (Global: 18th place; Turkish: 47th place)
adsabs.harvard.edu
- Jensen, Joseph B.; Tonry, John L.; Barris, Brian J.; Thompson, Rodger I.; Liu, Michael C.; Rieke, Marcia J.; Ajhar, Edward A.; Blakeslee, John P. (2003). "Measuring Distances and Probing the Unresolved Stellar Populations of Galaxies Using Infrared Surface Brightness Fluctuations". Astrophysical Journal. 583 (2). ss. 712-726. arXiv:astro-ph/0210129 . Bibcode:2003ApJ...583..712J. doi:10.1086/345430.
- Karachentsev, I. D.; Karachentseva, V. E.; Hutchmeier, W. K.; Makarov, D. I. (2004). "A Catalog of Neighboring Galaxies". Astronomical Journal. 127 (4). ss. 2031-2068. Bibcode:2004AJ....127.2031K. doi:10.1086/382905.
- Karachentsev, I. D.; Kashibadze, O. G. (2006). "Masses of the local group and of the M81 group estimated from distortions in the local velocity field". Astrophysics. 49 (1). ss. 3-18. Bibcode:2006Ap.....49....3K. doi:10.1007/s10511-006-0002-6.
- Kent, S. M. (1987). "Surface photometry of six local group galaxies". Astronomical Journal. Cilt 94. ss. 306-314. Bibcode:1987AJ.....94..306K. doi:10.1086/114472.
- Mateo, M. L. (1998). "Dwarf Galaxies of the Local Group". Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. Cilt 36. ss. 435-506. arXiv:astro-ph/9810070 . Bibcode:1998ARA&A..36..435M. doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.36.1.435.
- Lauer, T. R.; Faber, S. M.; Currie, D. G.; Ewald, S. P.; Groth, E. J.; Hester, J. J.; Holtzman, J. A.; Light, R. M.; O'Neil Jr, E. J.; Shaya, E. J.; Westphal, J. A. (1992). "Planetary camera observations of the central parsec of M32" (PDF). Astronomical Journal. Cilt 104. ss. 552-562. Bibcode:1992AJ....104..552L. doi:10.1086/116254. 22 Temmuz 2018 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF)27 Ekim 2019.
- Graham, A.W. and Spitler, L.R., Quantifying the coexistence of massive black holes and dense nuclear star clusters
- Rudenko, Pavlo; Worthey, Guy; Mateo, Mario (2009). "Intermediate age clusters in the field containing M31 and M32 stars". The Astronomical Journal. 138 (6). ss. 1985-1989. Bibcode:2009AJ....138.1985R. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/138/6/1985.
- Bekki, Kenji; Couch, Warrick J.; Drinkwater, Michael J.; Gregg, Michael D. (2001). "A New Formation Model for M32: A Threshed Early-Type Spiral Galaxy?" (PDF). Astrophysical Journal Letters. 557 (1). ss. L39. arXiv:astroph/0107117 . Bibcode:2001ApJ...557L..39B. doi:10.1086/323075.
- Graham, A. W. (2002). "Evidence for an Outer Disk in the Prototype Compact Elliptical Galaxy M32". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 568 (1). ss. L13-L17. arXiv:astro-ph/0202307 . Bibcode:2002ApJ...568L..13G. doi:10.1086/340274.
- Dierickx, M.; Blecha, L.; Loeb, A. (2014). "Signatures of the M31-M32 Galactic Collision". Astrophysical Journal. 788 (2). ss. L38. arXiv:1405.3990 . Bibcode:2014ApJ...788L..38D. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/788/2/L38.
- Choi, P. I.; Guhathakurta, P.; Johnston, K. V. (2002). "Tidal Interaction of M32 and NGC 205 with M31: Surface Photometry and Numerical Simulations". Astronomical Journal. 124 (1). ss. 310-331. arXiv:astro-ph/0111465 . Bibcode:2002AJ....124..310C. doi:10.1086/341041.
- D’Souza, Richard; Bell, Eric F. (23 Temmuz 2018). "The Andromeda galaxy's most important merger about 2 billion years ago as M32's likely progenitor". Nature Astronomy (İngilizce). 2 (9). ss. 737-743. arXiv:1807.08819 . Bibcode:2018NatAs...2..737D. doi:10.1038/s41550-018-0533-x. ISSN 2397-3366.
- Tonry, J. L. (1984). "Evidence for a central mass concentration in M32". Astrophysical Journal Letters. Cilt 283. ss. L27. Bibcode:1984ApJ...283L..27T. doi:10.1086/184326.
- Bender, R.; Kormendy, J.; Dehnen, W. (1996). "Improved Evidence for a 3×106 M⊙ Black Hole in M32: Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Spectroscopy with FWHM = 0.47" Resolution". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 464 (2). ss. L123-L126. Bibcode:1996ApJ...464L.123B. doi:10.1086/310098.
- Joseph, C. L.; Merritt, D.; Olling, R.; Valluri, M.; Bender, R.; Bower, G.; Danks, A.; Gull, T.; Hutchings, J.; Kaiser, M. E.; Maran, S.; Weistrop, D.; Woodgate, B.; Malumuth, E.; Nelson, C.; Plait, P.; Lindler, D. (2001). "The Nuclear Dynamics of M32. I. Data and Stellar Kinematics". Astrophysical Journal. 550 (2). ss. 668-690. arXiv:astro-ph/0005530 . Bibcode:2001ApJ...550..668J. doi:10.1086/319781.
- Verolme, E. K.; Cappellari, M.; Copin, Y.; van der Marel, R. P.; Bacon, R.; Bureau, M.; Davies, R. L.; Miller, B. M.; de Zeeuw, P. T. (2002). "A SAURON study of M32: measuring the intrinsic flattening and the central black hole mass". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 335 (3). ss. 517-525. arXiv:astro-ph/0201086 . Bibcode:2002MNRAS.335..517V. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15832.x.
- Valluri, M.; Merritt, D.; Emsellem, E. (2004). "Difficulties with Recovering the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes from Stellar Kinematical Data". Astrophysical Journal. 602 (1). ss. 66-92. arXiv:astro-ph/0210379 . Bibcode:2004ApJ...602...66V. doi:10.1086/380896.
- van den Bosch, R. C. E.; de Zeeuw, P. T. (2010). "Estimating black hole masses in triaxial galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 401 (3). ss. 1770-1780. arXiv:0910.0844 . Bibcode:2010MNRAS.401.1770V. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15832.x.
- Ho, Luis C.; Terashima, Yuichi; Ulvestad, James S. (2003). "Detection of the "Active" Nucleus of M32". Astrophysical Journal. 589 (2). ss. 783-789. arXiv:astro-ph/0303060 . Bibcode:2003ApJ...589..783H. doi:10.1086/374738.
- Yang, Yang; Li, Zhiyuan; Sjouwerman, Loránt O.; Wang, Q. Daniel; Gu, Qiusheng; Kraft, Ralph P.; Yuan, Feng (2015). "Detection of a Compact Nuclear Radio Source in the Local Group Elliptical Galaxy M32". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 807 (1). ss. L19. arXiv:1502.03231 . Bibcode:2015ApJ...807L..19Y. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/807/1/L19.
seds.org (Global: 5,388th place; Turkish: 1,681st place)
spider.seds.org
- "SEDS". Revised NGC Data for NGC 221 (İngilizce). 19 Ekim 2017 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi.
umich.edu (Global: 459th place; Turkish: 801st place)
news.umich.edu
- "The Milky Way's long-lost sibling finally found". University of Michigan News (İngilizce). 23 Temmuz 2018. 15 Ocak 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 23 Temmuz 2018.
uq.edu.au (Global: 3,558th place; Turkish: 7,335th place)
espace.library.uq.edu.au
- Bekki, Kenji; Couch, Warrick J.; Drinkwater, Michael J.; Gregg, Michael D. (2001). "A New Formation Model for M32: A Threshed Early-Type Spiral Galaxy?" (PDF). Astrophysical Journal Letters. 557 (1). ss. L39. arXiv:astroph/0107117 . Bibcode:2001ApJ...557L..39B. doi:10.1086/323075.
web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; Turkish: 1st place)
- "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". NED results for object NGC 0221. 7 Aralık 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 27 Ekim 2019.
- "SEDS". Revised NGC Data for NGC 221 (İngilizce). 19 Ekim 2017 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi.
- Seligman, Courtney. "NGC 221 (= M32 = PGC 2555 = Arp 168)". 13 Ekim 2018 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 28 Ocak 2019.
- Arp, Halton (1966). "Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies". Figure 2. 25 Ekim 2018 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 21 Ekim 2019.
- Lauer, T. R.; Faber, S. M.; Currie, D. G.; Ewald, S. P.; Groth, E. J.; Hester, J. J.; Holtzman, J. A.; Light, R. M.; O'Neil Jr, E. J.; Shaya, E. J.; Westphal, J. A. (1992). "Planetary camera observations of the central parsec of M32" (PDF). Astronomical Journal. Cilt 104. ss. 552-562. Bibcode:1992AJ....104..552L. doi:10.1086/116254. 22 Temmuz 2018 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF)27 Ekim 2019.
- "The Milky Way's long-lost sibling finally found". University of Michigan News (İngilizce). 23 Temmuz 2018. 15 Ocak 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 23 Temmuz 2018.
worldcat.org (Global: 5th place; Turkish: 8th place)
- D’Souza, Richard; Bell, Eric F. (23 Temmuz 2018). "The Andromeda galaxy's most important merger about 2 billion years ago as M32's likely progenitor". Nature Astronomy (İngilizce). 2 (9). ss. 737-743. arXiv:1807.08819 . Bibcode:2018NatAs...2..737D. doi:10.1038/s41550-018-0533-x. ISSN 2397-3366.