Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Opioid" in Turkish language version.
Opiate is the older term classically used in pharmacology to mean a drug derived from opium. Opioid, a more modern term, is used to designate all substances, both natural and synthetic, that bind to opioid receptors (including antagonists).
In the strict sense, opiates are drugs derived from opium and include the natural products morphine, codeine, thebaine and many semi-synthetic congeners derived from them. In the wider sense, opiates are morphine-like drugs with non-peptidic structures. The older term opiates is now more and more replaced by the term opioids which applies to any substance, whether endogenous or synthetic, peptidic or non-peptidic, that produces morphine-like effects through action on opioid receptors.
Opiate is a specific term that is used to describe drugs (natural and semi-synthetic) derived from the juice of the opium poppy. For example morphine is an opiate but methadone (a completely synthetic drug) is not. Opioid is a general term that includes naturally occurring, semi-synthetic, and synthetic drugs, which produce their effects by combining with opioid receptors and are competitively antagonized by nalaxone. In this context the term opioid refers to opioid agonists, opioid antagonists, opioid peptides, and opioid receptors.
The lipid solubility of hydromorphone lies between morphine and fentanyl, but is closer to that of morphine.
[A] number of studies, however, have also reported inadequate pain control in 40%–70% of patients, resulting in the emergence of a new type of epidemiology, that of 'failed pain control', caused by a series of obstacles preventing adequate cancer pain management.... The cancer patient runs the risk of becoming an innocent victim of a war waged against opioid abuse and addiction if the norms regarding the two kinds of use (therapeutic or nontherapeutic) are not clearly distinct. Furthermore, health professionals may be worried about regulatory scrutiny and may opt not to use opioid therapy for this reason.
Opium is one of the world's oldest drugs, and its derivatives morphine and codeine are among the most used clinical drugs to relieve severe pain.
Sedare dolorem opus divinum est – an old Latin inscription – means "alleviating pain is the work of the divine". This inscription is often attributed to either Hippocrates of Kos or Galen of Pergamum, but it is most likely an anonymous proverb
Bayer registered the name heroin in June, 1898.
In this paper, the term, 'opioid', is used in the sense originally proposed by DR. GEORGE H. ACHESON (personal communication) to refer to any chemical compound with morphine-like activities.
The opioid effects transcending analgesia include sedation, respiratory depression, constipation and a strong sense of euphoria.
Opium is one of the world's oldest drugs, and its derivatives morphine and codeine are among the most used clinical drugs to relieve severe pain.
The CDC reported that methadone contributed to 31.4% of opioid-related deaths in the United States from 1999–2010. Methadone also accounted for 39.8% of all single-drug opioid-related deaths. The overdose death rate associated with methadone was significantly higher than that associated with other opioid-related deaths among multidrug and single-drug deaths.
[A] number of studies, however, have also reported inadequate pain control in 40%–70% of patients, resulting in the emergence of a new type of epidemiology, that of 'failed pain control', caused by a series of obstacles preventing adequate cancer pain management.... The cancer patient runs the risk of becoming an innocent victim of a war waged against opioid abuse and addiction if the norms regarding the two kinds of use (therapeutic or nontherapeutic) are not clearly distinct. Furthermore, health professionals may be worried about regulatory scrutiny and may opt not to use opioid therapy for this reason.
Opium is one of the world's oldest drugs, and its derivatives morphine and codeine are among the most used clinical drugs to relieve severe pain.
Bayer registered the name heroin in June, 1898.
In this paper, the term, 'opioid', is used in the sense originally proposed by DR. GEORGE H. ACHESON (personal communication) to refer to any chemical compound with morphine-like activities.
The opioid effects transcending analgesia include sedation, respiratory depression, constipation and a strong sense of euphoria.
Opioid: 1950s: from opium + -oid.
[A] number of studies, however, have also reported inadequate pain control in 40%–70% of patients, resulting in the emergence of a new type of epidemiology, that of 'failed pain control', caused by a series of obstacles preventing adequate cancer pain management.... The cancer patient runs the risk of becoming an innocent victim of a war waged against opioid abuse and addiction if the norms regarding the two kinds of use (therapeutic or nontherapeutic) are not clearly distinct. Furthermore, health professionals may be worried about regulatory scrutiny and may opt not to use opioid therapy for this reason.
Bayer registered the name heroin in June, 1898.
[A] number of studies, however, have also reported inadequate pain control in 40%–70% of patients, resulting in the emergence of a new type of epidemiology, that of 'failed pain control', caused by a series of obstacles preventing adequate cancer pain management.... The cancer patient runs the risk of becoming an innocent victim of a war waged against opioid abuse and addiction if the norms regarding the two kinds of use (therapeutic or nontherapeutic) are not clearly distinct. Furthermore, health professionals may be worried about regulatory scrutiny and may opt not to use opioid therapy for this reason.
The CDC reported that methadone contributed to 31.4% of opioid-related deaths in the United States from 1999–2010. Methadone also accounted for 39.8% of all single-drug opioid-related deaths. The overdose death rate associated with methadone was significantly higher than that associated with other opioid-related deaths among multidrug and single-drug deaths.
Bayer registered the name heroin in June, 1898.
Opioid: 1950s: from opium + -oid.
