editors: Matthew J. Gibney, Randall Hansen, Immigration and Asylum: From 1900 to the Present, Vol. 1, ABC-CLIO, 2005, p.437 Read quote: "Muslims had been the majority in Anatolia, the Crimea, the Balkans and the Caucasus and a plurality in southern Russia and sections of Romania. Most of these lands were within or contiguous with the Ottoman Empire. By 1923, only Anatolia, eastern Thrace and a section of the south-eastern Caucasus remained to the Muslim land."
Savory, R. M. (1960). "The Principal Offices of the Ṣafawid State during the Reign of Ismā'īl I (907-30/1501-24)". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 23 (1): 91-105. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00149006. JSTOR609888.
Savory, R. M. (1960). "The Principal Offices of the Ṣafawid State during the Reign of Ismā'īl I (907-30/1501-24)". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 23 (1): 91-105. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00149006. JSTOR609888.
NTV Tarih 12 Şubat 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. history magazine, issue of July 2011. "Sultan Abdülmecid: İlklerin Padişahı", pages 46–50. (Turkish)
NTV Tarih 12 Şubat 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. history magazine, issue of July 2011. "Sultan Abdülmecid: İlklerin Padişahı", page 49. (Turkish)
NTV Tarih 12 Şubat 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. history magazine, issue of July 2011. "Sultan Abdülmecid: İlklerin Padişahı", pages 46–50. (Turkish)
NTV Tarih 12 Şubat 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. history magazine, issue of July 2011. "Sultan Abdülmecid: İlklerin Padişahı", page 49. (Turkish)
