Barreiro C, García-Estrada C (April 2019). "Proteomics and Penicillium chrysogenum: Unveiling the secrets behind penicillin production". Journal of Proteomics. Cilt 198. Elsevier. ss. 119-131. doi:10.1016/j.jprot.2018.11.006. PMID30414515.
Wanat M, Anthierens S, Butler CC, Savic L, Savic S, Pavitt SH, ve diğerleri. (June 2021). "Management of penicillin allergy in primary care: a qualitative study with patients and primary care physicians". BMC Family Practice. 22 (1). s. 112. doi:10.1186/s12875-021-01465-1. PMC8194168 $2. PMID34116641.
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Fishman LS, Hewitt WL (September 1970). "The natural penicillins". The Medical Clinics of North America. 54 (5). ss. 1081-99. doi:10.1016/S0025-7125(16)32579-2. PMID4248661.
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Fernandes R, Amador P, Prudêncio C (2013). "β-Lactams: chemical structure, mode of action and mechanisms of resistance". Reviews in Medical Microbiology (İngilizce). 24 (1). ss. 7-17. doi:10.1097/MRM.0b013e3283587727. hdl:10400.22/7041.
Fisher JF, Mobashery S (October 2009). "Three decades of the class A beta-lactamase acyl-enzyme". Current Protein & Peptide Science. 10 (5). ss. 401-7. doi:10.2174/138920309789351967. PMC6902449 $2. PMID19538154.
Fleming A (1929). "On the Antibacterial Action of Cultures of a Penicillium, with Special Reference to their Use in the Isolation of B. influenzæ". British Journal of Experimental Pathology. 10 (3). ss. 226-236. PMC2048009 $2. Reprinted as Fleming A (1980). "Classics in infectious diseases: on the antibacterial action of cultures of a penicillium, with special reference to their use in the isolation of B. influenzae by Alexander Fleming, Reprinted from the British Journal of Experimental Pathology 10:226–236, 1929". Reviews of Infectious Diseases. 2 (1). ss. 129-39. doi:10.1093/clinids/2.1.129. PMC2041430 $2. PMID6994200.
Lambert PA (2002). "Cellular impermeability and uptake of biocides and antibiotics in Gram-positive bacteria and mycobacteria". Journal of Applied Microbiology. 92 (Suppl). ss. 46S-54S. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2672.92.5s1.7.x. PMID12000612.
Soares GM, Figueiredo LC, Faveri M, Cortelli SC, Duarte PM, Feres M (2012). "Mechanisms of action of systemic antibiotics used in periodontal treatment and mechanisms of bacterial resistance to these drugs". Journal of Applied Oral Science. 20 (3). ss. 295-309. doi:10.1590/s1678-77572012000300002. PMC3881775 $2. PMID22858695.
Antonoplis A, Zang X, Wegner T, Wender PA, Cegelski L (September 2019). "Vancomycin-Arginine Conjugate Inhibits Growth of Carbapenem-Resistant E. coli and Targets Cell-Wall Synthesis". ACS Chemical Biology. 14 (9). ss. 2065-2070. doi:10.1021/acschembio.9b00565. PMC6793997 $2. PMID31479234.
Breijyeh Z, Jubeh B, Karaman R (March 2020). "Resistance of Gram-Negative Bacteria to Current Antibacterial Agents and Approaches to Resolve It". Molecules. 25 (6). s. 1340. doi:10.3390/molecules25061340. PMC7144564 $2. PMID32187986.
Yocum RR, Rasmussen JR, Strominger JL (May 1980). "The mechanism of action of penicillin. Penicillin acylates the active site of Bacillus stearothermophilus D-alanine carboxypeptidase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 255 (9). ss. 3977-86. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)85621-1. PMID7372662.
DeMeester KE, Liang H, Jensen MR, Jones ZS, D'Ambrosio EA, Scinto SL, ve diğerleri. (August 2018). "Synthesis of Functionalized N-Acetyl Muramic Acids To Probe Bacterial Cell Wall Recycling and Biosynthesis". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 140 (30). ss. 9458-9465. doi:10.1021/jacs.8b03304. PMC6112571 $2. PMID29986130.
Gordon E, Mouz N, Duée E, Dideberg O (June 2000). "The crystal structure of the penicillin-binding protein 2x from Streptococcus pneumoniae and its acyl-enzyme form: implication in drug resistance". Journal of Molecular Biology. 299 (2). ss. 477-85. doi:10.1006/jmbi.2000.3740. PMID10860753.
Winstanley TG, Hastings JG (February 1989). "Penicillin-aminoglycoside synergy and post-antibiotic effect for enterococci". The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 23 (2). ss. 189-99. doi:10.1093/jac/23.2.189. PMID2708179.
Rice LB (February 2012). "Mechanisms of resistance and clinical relevance of resistance to β-lactams, glycopeptides, and fluoroquinolones". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 87 (2). ss. 198-208. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2011.12.003. PMC3498059 $2. PMID22305032.
Rimbara E, Mori S, Kim H, Suzuki M, Shibayama K (February 2018). "Mutations in Genes Encoding Penicillin-Binding Proteins and Efflux Pumps Play a Role in β-Lactam Resistance in Helicobacter cinaedi". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 62 (2). ss. e02036-17. doi:10.1128/AAC.02036-17. PMC5786776 $2. PMID29203490.
Tooke CL, Hinchliffe P, Bragginton EC, Colenso CK, Hirvonen VH, Takebayashi Y, Spencer J (August 2019). "β-Lactamases and β-Lactamase Inhibitors in the 21st Century". Journal of Molecular Biology. 431 (18). ss. 3472-3500. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2019.04.002. PMC6723624 $2. PMID30959050.
Bush K (October 2018). "Past and Present Perspectives on β-Lactamases". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 62 (10). ss. e01076-18. doi:10.1128/AAC.01076-18. PMC6153792 $2. PMID30061284.
Pang Z, Raudonis R, Glick BR, Lin TJ, Cheng Z (2019). "Antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: mechanisms and alternative therapeutic strategies". Biotechnology Advances. 37 (1). ss. 177-192. doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.11.013. PMID30500353.
Gaynes, R. (2017). "The Discovery of Penicillin—New Insights After More Than 75 Years of Clinical Use". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 23 (5). ss. 849-853. doi:10.3201/eid2305.161556. PMC5403050 $2.
Houbraken J, Frisvad JC, Samson RA (June 2011). "Fleming's penicillin producing strain is not Penicillium chrysogenum but P. rubens". IMA Fungus. 2 (1). ss. 87-95. doi:10.5598/imafungus.2011.02.01.12. PMC3317369 $2. PMID22679592.
Wainwright M, Swan HT (January 1986). "C.G. Paine and the earliest surviving clinical records of penicillin therapy". Medical History. 30 (1). ss. 42-56. doi:10.1017/S0025727300045026. PMC1139580 $2. PMID3511336.
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Rolinson GN, Geddes AM (January 2007). "The 50th anniversary of the discovery of 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA)". International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 29 (1). ss. 3-8. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.09.003. PMID17137753.
Colley EW, Mcnicol MW, Bracken PM (March 1965). "Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci in a General Hospital". Lancet. 1 (7385). ss. 595-7. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(65)91165-7. PMID14250094.
Ozcengiz G, Demain AL (1 Mart 2013). "Recent advances in the biosynthesis of penicillins, cephalosporins and clavams and its regulation". Biotechnology Advances. 31 (2). ss. 287-311. doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.12.001. PMID23228980.
Al-Abdallah Q, Brakhage AA, Gehrke A, Plattner H, Sprote P, Tuncher A (2004). "Regulation of Penicillin Biosynthesis in Filamentous Fungi". Brakhage AA (Ed.). Molecular Biotechnology of Fungal beta-Lactam Antibiotics and Related Peptide Synthetases. Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology. 88. ss. 45-90. doi:10.1007/b99257. ISBN978-3-540-22032-9. PMID15719552.
Schofield CJ, Baldwin JE, Byford MF, Clifton I, Hajdu J, Hensgens C, Roach P (December 1997). "Proteins of the penicillin biosynthesis pathway". Current Opinion in Structural Biology. 7 (6). ss. 857-64. doi:10.1016/s0959-440x(97)80158-3. PMID9434907.
Martín JF, Gutiérrez S, Fernández FJ, Velasco J, Fierro F, Marcos AT, Kosalkova K (September 1994). "Expression of genes and processing of enzymes for the biosynthesis of penicillins and cephalosporins". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 65 (3). ss. 227-43. doi:10.1007/BF00871951. PMID7847890.
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Fernandes R, Amador P, Prudêncio C (2013). "β-Lactams: chemical structure, mode of action and mechanisms of resistance". Reviews in Medical Microbiology (İngilizce). 24 (1). ss. 7-17. doi:10.1097/MRM.0b013e3283587727. hdl:10400.22/7041.
Batchelor FR, Doyle FP, Nayler JH, Rolinson GN (January 1959). "Synthesis of penicillin: 6-aminopenicillanic acid in penicillin fermentations". Nature. 183 (4656). ss. 257-8. Bibcode:1959Natur.183..257B. doi:10.1038/183257b0. PMID13622762.
Baker WL, Lonergan GT (December 2002). "Chemistry of some fluorescamine–amine derivatives with relevance to the biosynthesis of benzylpenicillin by fermentation". Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology. 77 (12). ss. 1283-8. Bibcode:2002JCTB...77.1283B. doi:10.1002/jctb.706.
Krylov AK (1929). "[Gastroenterologic aspects of the clinical picture of internal diseases]". Terapevticheskii Arkhiv. 63 (2). ss. 139-41. PMC2041430 $2. PMID2048009.; Reprinted as Fleming A (1979). "On the antibacterial action of cultures of a Penicillium, with special reference to their use in the isolation of B. influenzae". British Journal of Experimental Pathology. 60 (1). ss. 3-13. JSTOR4452419. PMC2041430 $2.
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Barreiro C, García-Estrada C (April 2019). "Proteomics and Penicillium chrysogenum: Unveiling the secrets behind penicillin production". Journal of Proteomics. Cilt 198. Elsevier. ss. 119-131. doi:10.1016/j.jprot.2018.11.006. PMID30414515.
Wanat M, Anthierens S, Butler CC, Savic L, Savic S, Pavitt SH, ve diğerleri. (June 2021). "Management of penicillin allergy in primary care: a qualitative study with patients and primary care physicians". BMC Family Practice. 22 (1). s. 112. doi:10.1186/s12875-021-01465-1. PMC8194168 $2. PMID34116641.
Krylov AK (1929). "[Gastroenterologic aspects of the clinical picture of internal diseases]". Terapevticheskii Arkhiv. 63 (2). ss. 139-41. PMC2041430 $2. PMID2048009.; Reprinted as Fleming A (1979). "On the antibacterial action of cultures of a Penicillium, with special reference to their use in the isolation of B. influenzae". British Journal of Experimental Pathology. 60 (1). ss. 3-13. JSTOR4452419. PMC2041430 $2.
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Fisher JF, Mobashery S (October 2009). "Three decades of the class A beta-lactamase acyl-enzyme". Current Protein & Peptide Science. 10 (5). ss. 401-7. doi:10.2174/138920309789351967. PMC6902449 $2. PMID19538154.
Fleming A (1929). "On the Antibacterial Action of Cultures of a Penicillium, with Special Reference to their Use in the Isolation of B. influenzæ". British Journal of Experimental Pathology. 10 (3). ss. 226-236. PMC2048009 $2. Reprinted as Fleming A (1980). "Classics in infectious diseases: on the antibacterial action of cultures of a penicillium, with special reference to their use in the isolation of B. influenzae by Alexander Fleming, Reprinted from the British Journal of Experimental Pathology 10:226–236, 1929". Reviews of Infectious Diseases. 2 (1). ss. 129-39. doi:10.1093/clinids/2.1.129. PMC2041430 $2. PMID6994200.
Lambert PA (2002). "Cellular impermeability and uptake of biocides and antibiotics in Gram-positive bacteria and mycobacteria". Journal of Applied Microbiology. 92 (Suppl). ss. 46S-54S. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2672.92.5s1.7.x. PMID12000612.
Soares GM, Figueiredo LC, Faveri M, Cortelli SC, Duarte PM, Feres M (2012). "Mechanisms of action of systemic antibiotics used in periodontal treatment and mechanisms of bacterial resistance to these drugs". Journal of Applied Oral Science. 20 (3). ss. 295-309. doi:10.1590/s1678-77572012000300002. PMC3881775 $2. PMID22858695.
Antonoplis A, Zang X, Wegner T, Wender PA, Cegelski L (September 2019). "Vancomycin-Arginine Conjugate Inhibits Growth of Carbapenem-Resistant E. coli and Targets Cell-Wall Synthesis". ACS Chemical Biology. 14 (9). ss. 2065-2070. doi:10.1021/acschembio.9b00565. PMC6793997 $2. PMID31479234.
Breijyeh Z, Jubeh B, Karaman R (March 2020). "Resistance of Gram-Negative Bacteria to Current Antibacterial Agents and Approaches to Resolve It". Molecules. 25 (6). s. 1340. doi:10.3390/molecules25061340. PMC7144564 $2. PMID32187986.
Yocum RR, Rasmussen JR, Strominger JL (May 1980). "The mechanism of action of penicillin. Penicillin acylates the active site of Bacillus stearothermophilus D-alanine carboxypeptidase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 255 (9). ss. 3977-86. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)85621-1. PMID7372662.
DeMeester KE, Liang H, Jensen MR, Jones ZS, D'Ambrosio EA, Scinto SL, ve diğerleri. (August 2018). "Synthesis of Functionalized N-Acetyl Muramic Acids To Probe Bacterial Cell Wall Recycling and Biosynthesis". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 140 (30). ss. 9458-9465. doi:10.1021/jacs.8b03304. PMC6112571 $2. PMID29986130.
Gordon E, Mouz N, Duée E, Dideberg O (June 2000). "The crystal structure of the penicillin-binding protein 2x from Streptococcus pneumoniae and its acyl-enzyme form: implication in drug resistance". Journal of Molecular Biology. 299 (2). ss. 477-85. doi:10.1006/jmbi.2000.3740. PMID10860753.
Winstanley TG, Hastings JG (February 1989). "Penicillin-aminoglycoside synergy and post-antibiotic effect for enterococci". The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 23 (2). ss. 189-99. doi:10.1093/jac/23.2.189. PMID2708179.
Rice LB (February 2012). "Mechanisms of resistance and clinical relevance of resistance to β-lactams, glycopeptides, and fluoroquinolones". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 87 (2). ss. 198-208. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2011.12.003. PMC3498059 $2. PMID22305032.
Rimbara E, Mori S, Kim H, Suzuki M, Shibayama K (February 2018). "Mutations in Genes Encoding Penicillin-Binding Proteins and Efflux Pumps Play a Role in β-Lactam Resistance in Helicobacter cinaedi". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 62 (2). ss. e02036-17. doi:10.1128/AAC.02036-17. PMC5786776 $2. PMID29203490.
Tooke CL, Hinchliffe P, Bragginton EC, Colenso CK, Hirvonen VH, Takebayashi Y, Spencer J (August 2019). "β-Lactamases and β-Lactamase Inhibitors in the 21st Century". Journal of Molecular Biology. 431 (18). ss. 3472-3500. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2019.04.002. PMC6723624 $2. PMID30959050.
Bush K (October 2018). "Past and Present Perspectives on β-Lactamases". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 62 (10). ss. e01076-18. doi:10.1128/AAC.01076-18. PMC6153792 $2. PMID30061284.
Pang Z, Raudonis R, Glick BR, Lin TJ, Cheng Z (2019). "Antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: mechanisms and alternative therapeutic strategies". Biotechnology Advances. 37 (1). ss. 177-192. doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.11.013. PMID30500353.
Gaynes, R. (2017). "The Discovery of Penicillin—New Insights After More Than 75 Years of Clinical Use". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 23 (5). ss. 849-853. doi:10.3201/eid2305.161556. PMC5403050 $2.
Houbraken J, Frisvad JC, Samson RA (June 2011). "Fleming's penicillin producing strain is not Penicillium chrysogenum but P. rubens". IMA Fungus. 2 (1). ss. 87-95. doi:10.5598/imafungus.2011.02.01.12. PMC3317369 $2. PMID22679592.
Krylov AK (1991). "[Gastroenterologic aspects of the clinical picture of internal diseases]". Terapevticheskii Arkhiv. 63 (2). ss. 139-41. PMID2048009.
Wainwright M, Swan HT (January 1986). "C.G. Paine and the earliest surviving clinical records of penicillin therapy". Medical History. 30 (1). ss. 42-56. doi:10.1017/S0025727300045026. PMC1139580 $2. PMID3511336.
Boucher HW, Talbot GH, Benjamin DK, Bradley J, Guidos RJ, Jones RN, ve diğerleri. (June 2013). "10 x '20 Progress--development of new drugs active against gram-negative bacilli: an update from the Infectious Diseases Society of America". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 56 (12). ss. 1685-94. doi:10.1093/cid/cit152. PMC3707426 $2. PMID23599308.
Luque Paz D, Lakbar I, Tattevin P (March 2021). "A review of current treatment strategies for infective endocarditis". Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy. 19 (3). ss. 297-307. doi:10.1080/14787210.2020.1822165. PMID32901532.
Batchelor FR, Doyle FP, Nayler JH, Rolinson GN (January 1959). "Synthesis of penicillin: 6-aminopenicillanic acid in penicillin fermentations". Nature. 183 (4656). ss. 257-8. Bibcode:1959Natur.183..257B. doi:10.1038/183257b0. PMID13622762.
Rolinson GN, Geddes AM (January 2007). "The 50th anniversary of the discovery of 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA)". International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 29 (1). ss. 3-8. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.09.003. PMID17137753.
Colley EW, Mcnicol MW, Bracken PM (March 1965). "Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci in a General Hospital". Lancet. 1 (7385). ss. 595-7. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(65)91165-7. PMID14250094.
Ozcengiz G, Demain AL (1 Mart 2013). "Recent advances in the biosynthesis of penicillins, cephalosporins and clavams and its regulation". Biotechnology Advances. 31 (2). ss. 287-311. doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.12.001. PMID23228980.
Al-Abdallah Q, Brakhage AA, Gehrke A, Plattner H, Sprote P, Tuncher A (2004). "Regulation of Penicillin Biosynthesis in Filamentous Fungi". Brakhage AA (Ed.). Molecular Biotechnology of Fungal beta-Lactam Antibiotics and Related Peptide Synthetases. Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology. 88. ss. 45-90. doi:10.1007/b99257. ISBN978-3-540-22032-9. PMID15719552.
Schofield CJ, Baldwin JE, Byford MF, Clifton I, Hajdu J, Hensgens C, Roach P (December 1997). "Proteins of the penicillin biosynthesis pathway". Current Opinion in Structural Biology. 7 (6). ss. 857-64. doi:10.1016/s0959-440x(97)80158-3. PMID9434907.
Martín JF, Gutiérrez S, Fernández FJ, Velasco J, Fierro F, Marcos AT, Kosalkova K (September 1994). "Expression of genes and processing of enzymes for the biosynthesis of penicillins and cephalosporins". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 65 (3). ss. 227-43. doi:10.1007/BF00871951. PMID7847890.
pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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"Penicillin G". PubChem. National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine. 25 Aralık 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 26 Aralık 2020.
"Penicillin X". PubChem. National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine. 5 Mayıs 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 26 Aralık 2020.
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