Siyasi parti (Turkish Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Siyasi parti" in Turkish language version.

refsWebsite

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60doi.org

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23archive.org

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3government.nl

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1escholarship.org

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1loc.gov

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afrobarometer.org

"Africans increasingly support multiparty democracy, but trust in political parties remains low". Afrobarometer. 18 Haziran 2018. 30 Ocak 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ocak 2021.

archive.org

Przeworski, Adam; Alvarez, Michael E.; Cheibub, Jose Antonio; Limongi, Fernando (2000). Democracy and development: Political institutions and well-being in the world, 1950–1990. Cambridge University Press. s. 20.
Boix, Carles; Miller, Michael; Rosato, Sebastian (2013). "A complete data set of political regimes, 1800–2007". Comparative Political Studies. 46 (12): 1523-1554. doi:10.1177/0010414012463905.
Svolik, Milan (2008). "Authoritarian reversals and democratic consolidation". American Political Science Review. 102 (2): 153-168. doi:10.1017/S0003055408080143.
Downs, Anthony (1957). An economic theory of democracy. Harper Collins. ss. 114-142.
Lipset, Seymour Martin; Rokkan, Stein (1967). Cleavage structures, party systems, and voter alignments: Cross-national perspectives. New York Free Press. s. 50.
Aldrich, John (1995). "1". Why Parties?: The Origin and Transformation of Political Parties in America. University of Chicago Press.
Marsh, Michael (October 1993). "Introduction: Selecting the party leader". European Journal of Political Research. 24 (3): 229-231. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1993.tb00378.x.
Li Cheng; Lynn White (1998). "The Fifteenth Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party: Full-Fledged Technocratic Leadership with Partial Control by Jiang Zemin". Asian Survey. 38 (3): 231-264. doi:10.2307/2645427. JSTOR 2645427.
Brownlee, Jason (July 2007). "Hereditary Succession in Modern Autocracies". World Politics. 59 (4): 595-628. doi:10.1353/wp.2008.0002.
Lewis, Paul Geoffrey (1989). Political Authority and Party Secretaries in Poland, 1975–1986. Cambridge University Press. ss. 29-51. ISBN 978-0521363693.
Duverger, Maurice (1964). Political Parties: Their Organisation and Activity in the Modern State (3 bas.). Londra: Methuen.
Meguid, Bonnie M. (2005). "Competition Between Unequals: The Role of Mainstream Party Strategy in Niche Party Success". American Political Science Review. 99 (3): 347-348. doi:10.1017/S0003055405051701.
Birch, Sarah (2003). Electoral Systems and Political Transformation in Post-Communist Europe. Palgrave Macmillan. ss. 99-118. doi:10.1057/9781403938763. ISBN 978-1-349-43138-0.
Shugart, Matthew S.; Taagepera, Rein (2017). Votes from Seats: Logical models of electoral systems. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1108404266.
Brian F. Schaffner; Matthew Streb; Gerald Wright (1 Mart 2001). "Tearns Without Uniforms: The Nonpartisan Ballot in State and Local Elections". Political Research Quarterly. 54 (1): 7-30. doi:10.1177/106591290105400101.
Cha, Victor; Hwang, Balbina (2009). "Government and Politics". Worden, Robert (Ed.). North Korea: a Country Study (5. bas.). Federal Research Division. Library of Congress. s. 214. ISBN 978-1598044683.
Cha, Victor; Hwang, Balbina (2009). "Government and Politics". Worden, Robert (Ed.). North Korea: a Country Study (5. bas.). Federal Research Division. Library of Congress. s. 214. ISBN 978-1598044683.
Arend Lijphart; Don Aitkin (1994). Electoral Systems and Party Systems: A Study of Twenty-seven Democracies, 1945–1990. Oxford University Press. s. 67. ISBN 978-0198280545.
Minion K. C. Morrison; Jae Woo Hong (December 2006). "Ghana's political parties: How ethno/regional variations sustain the national two-party system". The Journal of Modern African Studies. 44 (4): 623-647. doi:10.1017/S0022278X06002114.
William Roberts Clark; Matt Golder (August 2006). "Rehabilitating Duverger's Theory: Testing the Mechanical and Strategic Modifying Effects of Electoral Laws". Comparative Political Studies. 39 (6): 679-708. doi:10.1177/0010414005278420.
Dodd, Lawrence C. (September 1974). "Party Coalitions in Multiparty Parliaments: A Game-Theoretic Analysis". The American Political Science Review. 68 (3): 1093-1117. doi:10.2307/1959150. JSTOR 1959150.
Donovan, Todd; Parry, Janine A.; Bowler, Shaun (March 2005). "O Other, Where Art Thou? Support for Multiparty Politics in the United States". Social Science Quarterly. 86 (1): 147-159. doi:10.1111/j.0038-4941.2005.00295.x.
Epstein, Leon D. (March 1964). "A Comparative Study of Canadian Parties". The American Political Science Review. 58 (1): 46-59. doi:10.2307/1952754. JSTOR 1952754.

books.google.com

Basham, Patrick (2008). "Political Parties". Hamowy, Ronald (Ed.). Arşivlenmiş kopya. The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; Cato Institute. ss. 379-380. doi:10.4135/9781412965811.n233. ISBN 978-1412965804. LCCN 2008009151. OCLC 750831024. 9 Ocak 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 26 Mayıs 2023.

bostonreview.net

Rosenfeld, Sam (14 Nisan 2020). "It Takes Three (or More)". Boston Review. 28 Ocak 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ocak 2021.

brunel.ac.uk

bura.brunel.ac.uk

Stephen P. Nicholson; Christopher J. Carman; Chelsea M. Coe; Aidan Feeney; Balázs Fehér; Brett K. Hayes; Christopher Kam; Jeffrey A. Karp; Gergo Vaczi; Evan Heit (13 Şubat 2018). "The Nature of Party Categories in Two‐Party and Multiparty Systems". Advances in Political Psychology. 39 (S1): 279-304. doi:10.1111/pops.12486 . 17 Mayıs 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 26 Mayıs 2023.

core.ac.uk

Kosowska-Gąstoł, Beata; Sobolewska-Myślik, Katarzyna (2017). "New Political Entrepreneurs in Poland" (PDF). Politologický časopis - Czech Journal of Political Science. 24 (2): 137-157. doi:10.5817/PC2017-2-137. 22 Ocak 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 17 Ocak 2021.

doi.org

Muirhead, Russell; Rosenblum, Nancy L. (2020). "The Political Theory of Parties and Partisanship: Catching up". Annual Review of Political Science. 23: 95-110. doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-041916-020727 .
Boix, Carles; Miller, Michael; Rosato, Sebastian (2013). "A complete data set of political regimes, 1800–2007". Comparative Political Studies. 46 (12): 1523-1554. doi:10.1177/0010414012463905.
Svolik, Milan (2008). "Authoritarian reversals and democratic consolidation". American Political Science Review. 102 (2): 153-168. doi:10.1017/S0003055408080143.
Knutsen, Carl Henrik; Nygård, Håvard Mokleiv; Wig, Tore (2017). "Autocratic elections: Stabilizing tool or force for change?". World Politics. 69 (1): 98-143. doi:10.1017/S0043887116000149 .
Knutsen, Carl Henrik; Nygård, Håvard Mokleiv; Wig, Tore (2017). "Autocratic elections: Stabilizing tool or force for change?". World Politics. 69 (1): 98-143. doi:10.1017/S0043887116000149 .
Adams, James (December 2010). "Review of Voting for Policy, Not Parties: How Voters Compensate for Power Sharing, by Orit Kedar". Perspectives on Politics. 8 (4): 1257-1258. doi:10.1017/S153759271000280X.
Lybeck, Johan A. (2017). "Is the Lipset-Rokkan Hypothesis Testable?". Scandinavian Political Studies. 8 (1–2): 105-113. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1985.tb00314.x.
Lybeck, Johan A. (2017). "Is the Lipset-Rokkan Hypothesis Testable?". Scandinavian Political Studies. 8 (1–2): 105-113. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1985.tb00314.x.
McKelvey, Richard D. (1976). "Intransitivities in multidimensional voting bodies". Journal of Economic Theory. 12: 472-482. doi:10.1016/0022-0531(76)90040-5.
Schofield, Norman (1983). "Generic instability of majority rule". Review of Economic Studies. 50 (4): 695-705. doi:10.2307/2297770. JSTOR 2297770.
Helms, Ludger (11 Mart 2020). "Leadership succession in politics: The democracy/autocracy divide revisited". The British Journal of Politics and International Relations. 22 (2): 328-346. doi:10.1177/1369148120908528 .
Helms, Ludger (11 Mart 2020). "Leadership succession in politics: The democracy/autocracy divide revisited". The British Journal of Politics and International Relations. 22 (2): 328-346. doi:10.1177/1369148120908528 .
Marsh, Michael (October 1993). "Introduction: Selecting the party leader". European Journal of Political Research. 24 (3): 229-231. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1993.tb00378.x.
William Cross; André Blais (26 Ocak 2011). "Who selects the party leader?". Party Politics. 18 (2): 127-150. doi:10.1177/1354068810382935.
Barber, Stephen (17 Eylül 2013). "Arise, Careerless Politician: The Rise of the Professional Party Leader". Politics. 34 (1): 23-31. doi:10.1111/1467-9256.12030.
Garzia, Diego (3 Eylül 2012). "Party and Leader Effects in Parliamentary Elections: Towards a Reassessment". Politics. 32 (3): 175-185. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9256.2012.01443.x. hdl:1814/23834 .
Jean-François Daoust; André Blais; Gabrielle Péloquin-Skulski (29 Nisan 2019). "What do voters do when they prefer a leader from another party?". Party Politics. 50 (2): 1103-1109. doi:10.1177/1354068819845100.
Kenig, Ofer (30 Ekim 2009). "Classifying Party Leaders' Selection Methods in Parliamentary Democracies". Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties. 19 (4): 433-447. doi:10.1080/17457280903275261.
Li Cheng; Lynn White (1998). "The Fifteenth Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party: Full-Fledged Technocratic Leadership with Partial Control by Jiang Zemin". Asian Survey. 38 (3): 231-264. doi:10.2307/2645427. JSTOR 2645427.
Brownlee, Jason (July 2007). "Hereditary Succession in Modern Autocracies". World Politics. 59 (4): 595-628. doi:10.1353/wp.2008.0002.
Trevaskes, Susan (16 Nisan 2018). "A Law Unto Itself: Chinese Communist Party Leadership and Yifa zhiguo in the Xi Era". Modern China. 44 (4): 347-373. doi:10.1177/0097700418770176.
Kroeger, Alex M. (9 Mart 2018). "Dominant Party Rule, Elections, and Cabinet Instability in African Autocracies". British Journal of Political Science. 50 (1): 79-101. doi:10.1017/S0007123417000497.
Andrew C. Eggers; Arthur Spirling (11 Nisan 2016). "The Shadow Cabinet in Westminster Systems: Modeling Opposition Agenda Setting in the House of Commons, 1832–1915". British Journal of Political Science. 48 (2): 343-367. doi:10.1017/S0007123416000016. 17 Mayıs 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 26 Mayıs 2023.
Gauja, Anika (4 Aralık 2014). "The construction of party membership". European Journal of Political Research. 54 (2): 232-248. doi:10.1111/1475-6765.12078.
Weldon, Steven (1 Temmuz 2006). "Downsize My Polity? The Impact of Size on Party Membership and Member Activism". Party Politics. 12 (4): 467-481. doi:10.1177/1354068806064729.
Peter Mair; Ingrid van Biezen (1 Ocak 2001). "Party Membership in Twenty European Democracies, 1980–2000". Party Politics. 7 (1): 5-21. doi:10.1177/1354068801007001001.
Katz, Richard S.; Mair, Peter (1995). "Changing Models of Party Organisation and Party Democracy: The Emergence of the Cartel Party". Party Politics. 1 (1): 20. doi:10.1177/1354068895001001001.
Angell, Harold M. (June 1987). "Duverger, Epstein and the Problem of the Mass Party: The Case of the Parti Québécois". Canadian Journal of Political Science. 20 (2): 364. doi:10.1017/S0008423900049489.
Krouwel, Andre (2003). "Otto Kirchheimer and the Catch-All Party". West European Politics. 26 (2): 24. doi:10.1080/01402380512331341091.
Katz, Richard S.; Mair, Peter (1995). "Changing Models of Party Organisation and Party Democracy: The Emergence of the Cartel Party". Party Politics. 1 (1): 16. doi:10.1177/1354068895001001001.
Meguid, Bonnie M. (2005). "Competition Between Unequals: The Role of Mainstream Party Strategy in Niche Party Success". American Political Science Review. 99 (3): 347-348. doi:10.1017/S0003055405051701.
Meyer, Thomas; Miller, Bernhard (2015). "The niche party concept and its measurement". Party Politics. 21 (2): 259-271. doi:10.1177/1354068812472582. PMC 5180693 $2. PMID 28066152.
Adams, James; Clark, Michael; Ezrow, Lawrence; Glasgow, Garrett (2006). "Are Niche Parties Fundamentally Different from Mainstream Parties? The Causes and the Electoral Consequences of Western European Parties' Policy Shifts, 1976–1998" (PDF). American Journal of Political Science. 50 (3): 513-529. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2006.00199.x. 6 Ağustos 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 18 Haziran 2020.
Kosowska-Gąstoł, Beata; Sobolewska-Myślik, Katarzyna (2017). "New Political Entrepreneurs in Poland" (PDF). Politologický časopis - Czech Journal of Political Science. 24 (2): 137-157. doi:10.5817/PC2017-2-137. 22 Ocak 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 17 Ocak 2021.
Scott Mainwaring; Mariano Torcal (2005). "Party System Institutionalization and Party System Theory After the Third Wave of Democratization". Richard S. Katz; William Crotty (Ed.). Handbook of Party Politics. Sage Publications. ss. 204-227. doi:10.4135/9781848608047.n19. ISBN 978-0761943143.
Birch, Sarah (2003). Electoral Systems and Political Transformation in Post-Communist Europe. Palgrave Macmillan. ss. 99-118. doi:10.1057/9781403938763. ISBN 978-1-349-43138-0.
Laakso, Markku; Taagepera, Rein (1979). ""Effective" Number of Parties: A Measure with Application to West Europe". Comparative Political Studies (İngilizce). 12 (1): 3-27. doi:10.1177/001041407901200101. ISSN 0010-4140. 17 Mart 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 14 Şubat 2021.
Veenendaal, Wouter P. (2013). "How democracy functions without parties: The Republic of Palau". Party Politics. 22 (1): 27-36. doi:10.1177/1354068813509524.
Brian F. Schaffner; Matthew Streb; Gerald Wright (1 Mart 2001). "Tearns Without Uniforms: The Nonpartisan Ballot in State and Local Elections". Political Research Quarterly. 54 (1): 7-30. doi:10.1177/106591290105400101.
Northup, Nancy (December 1987). "Local Nonpartisan Elections, Political Parties and the First Amendment". Columbia Law Review. 87 (7): 1677-1701. doi:10.2307/1122744. JSTOR 1122744.
Northup, Nancy (December 1987). "Local Nonpartisan Elections, Political Parties and the First Amendment". Columbia Law Review. 87 (7): 1677-1701. doi:10.2307/1122744. JSTOR 1122744.
Steven Levitsky; Maxwell A. Cameron (19 Aralık 2008). "Democracy Without Parties? Political Parties and Regime Change in Fujimori's Peru". Latin American Politics and Society. 45 (3): 1-33. doi:10.1111/j.1548-2456.2003.tb00248.x.
Coppedge, Michael (1 Ekim 1998). "The Dynamic Diversity of Latin American Party Systems". Party Politics. 4 (4): 547-568. doi:10.1177/1354068898004004007.
Cini, Michelle (2 Aralık 2009). "A Divided Nation: Polarization and the Two-Party System in Malta". South European Society and Politics. 7 (1): 6-23. doi:10.1080/714004966.
Minion K. C. Morrison; Jae Woo Hong (December 2006). "Ghana's political parties: How ethno/regional variations sustain the national two-party system". The Journal of Modern African Studies. 44 (4): 623-647. doi:10.1017/S0022278X06002114.
Kornblith, Miriam (July 2013). "Latin America's Authoritarian Drift: Chavismo After Chávez?". Journal of Democracy. 24 (3): 47-61. doi:10.1353/jod.2013.0050.
Kornblith, Miriam (July 2013). "Latin America's Authoritarian Drift: Chavismo After Chávez?". Journal of Democracy. 24 (3): 47-61. doi:10.1353/jod.2013.0050.
William Roberts Clark; Matt Golder (August 2006). "Rehabilitating Duverger's Theory: Testing the Mechanical and Strategic Modifying Effects of Electoral Laws". Comparative Political Studies. 39 (6): 679-708. doi:10.1177/0010414005278420.
Ferree, Karen E.; Powell, G. Bingham; Scheiner, Ethan (May 2014). "Context, Electoral Rules, and Party Systems". Annual Review of Political Science. 17: 421-439. doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-102512-195419 .
Stephen P. Nicholson; Christopher J. Carman; Chelsea M. Coe; Aidan Feeney; Balázs Fehér; Brett K. Hayes; Christopher Kam; Jeffrey A. Karp; Gergo Vaczi; Evan Heit (13 Şubat 2018). "The Nature of Party Categories in Two‐Party and Multiparty Systems". Advances in Political Psychology. 39 (S1): 279-304. doi:10.1111/pops.12486 . 17 Mayıs 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 26 Mayıs 2023.
Anthony Heath; Siana Glouharova; Oliver Heath (2005). "India: Two‐Party Contests within a Multiparty System". Michael Gallagher; Paul Mitchell (Ed.). The Politics of Electoral Systems. Oxford University Press. ss. 137-156. doi:10.1093/0199257566.003.0007. ISBN 978-0199257560.
A. Farid Wadjdi; Mistiani; Nebula F. Hasani (2020). "The Multi-Party System in Indonesia: Reviewing the Number of Electoral Parties from the Aspects of the National Defense and Security". Journal of Social and Political Sciences. 3 (3): 711-724. doi:10.31014/aior.1991.03.03.204. 17 Mayıs 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 26 Mayıs 2023.
Xiang Wu; Salman Ali (25 Temmuz 2020). "The Novel Changes in Pakistan's Party Politics: Analysis of Causes and Impacts". Chinese Political Science Review. 5 (4): 513-533. doi:10.1007/s41111-020-00156-z .
Dodd, Lawrence C. (September 1974). "Party Coalitions in Multiparty Parliaments: A Game-Theoretic Analysis". The American Political Science Review. 68 (3): 1093-1117. doi:10.2307/1959150. JSTOR 1959150.
Michalik, Susanne (2015). Multiparty Elections in Authoritarian Regimes. s. 1. doi:10.1007/978-3-658-09511-6_1. ISBN 978-3-658-09510-9.
Donovan, Todd; Parry, Janine A.; Bowler, Shaun (March 2005). "O Other, Where Art Thou? Support for Multiparty Politics in the United States". Social Science Quarterly. 86 (1): 147-159. doi:10.1111/j.0038-4941.2005.00295.x.
Gideon Rahat; Reuven Y. Hazan (2005). "Israel: The Politics of an Extreme Electoral System". Michael Gallagher; Paul Mitchell (Ed.). The Politics of Electoral Systems. Oxford University Press. ss. 333-351. doi:10.1093/0199257566.001.0001. ISBN 978-0199257560.
Raunio, Tapio (2005). "Finland: One Hundred Years of Quietude". Michael Gallagher; Paul Mitchell (Ed.). The Politics of Electoral Systems. Oxford University Press. s. 486. doi:10.1093/0199257566.001.0001. ISBN 978-0199257560.
Epstein, Leon D. (March 1964). "A Comparative Study of Canadian Parties". The American Political Science Review. 58 (1): 46-59. doi:10.2307/1952754. JSTOR 1952754.
Basham, Patrick (2008). "Political Parties". Hamowy, Ronald (Ed.). Arşivlenmiş kopya. The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; Cato Institute. ss. 379-380. doi:10.4135/9781412965811.n233. ISBN 978-1412965804. LCCN 2008009151. OCLC 750831024. 9 Ocak 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 26 Mayıs 2023.

e-ir.info

Malachova, Anastasija (21 Kasım 2012). "Does a Multi-party System Lead to "More" Democracy?". E-International Relations. 29 Ocak 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ocak 2021.

escholarship.org

Laakso, Markku; Taagepera, Rein (1979). ""Effective" Number of Parties: A Measure with Application to West Europe". Comparative Political Studies (İngilizce). 12 (1): 3-27. doi:10.1177/001041407901200101. ISSN 0010-4140. 17 Mart 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 14 Şubat 2021.

foreignpolicy.com

Drutman, Lee (19 Ekim 2019). "Let a Thousand Parties Bloom". Foreign Policy. 13 Şubat 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ocak 2021.
Drutman, Lee (19 Ekim 2019). "Let a thousand parties bloom". Foreign Policy. 13 Şubat 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 30 Temmuz 2021.

freedomhouse.org

"Freedom in the World 2020: Cuba". Freedom House. 2020. 29 Ocak 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 20 Ocak 2021.

government.nl

"The purpose of political parties". Government of the Netherlands. 3 Eylül 2014. 12 Ağustos 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 14 Şubat 2021.
"The purpose of political parties". Government of the Netherlands. 3 Eylül 2014. 12 Ağustos 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 14 Şubat 2021.
"The purpose of political parties". Government of the Netherlands. 3 Eylül 2014. 12 Ağustos 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 14 Şubat 2021.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Garzia, Diego (3 Eylül 2012). "Party and Leader Effects in Parliamentary Elections: Towards a Reassessment". Politics. 32 (3): 175-185. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9256.2012.01443.x. hdl:1814/23834 .

jstor.org

Schofield, Norman (1983). "Generic instability of majority rule". Review of Economic Studies. 50 (4): 695-705. doi:10.2307/2297770. JSTOR 2297770.
Li Cheng; Lynn White (1998). "The Fifteenth Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party: Full-Fledged Technocratic Leadership with Partial Control by Jiang Zemin". Asian Survey. 38 (3): 231-264. doi:10.2307/2645427. JSTOR 2645427.
Northup, Nancy (December 1987). "Local Nonpartisan Elections, Political Parties and the First Amendment". Columbia Law Review. 87 (7): 1677-1701. doi:10.2307/1122744. JSTOR 1122744.
Northup, Nancy (December 1987). "Local Nonpartisan Elections, Political Parties and the First Amendment". Columbia Law Review. 87 (7): 1677-1701. doi:10.2307/1122744. JSTOR 1122744.
Dodd, Lawrence C. (September 1974). "Party Coalitions in Multiparty Parliaments: A Game-Theoretic Analysis". The American Political Science Review. 68 (3): 1093-1117. doi:10.2307/1959150. JSTOR 1959150.
Epstein, Leon D. (March 1964). "A Comparative Study of Canadian Parties". The American Political Science Review. 58 (1): 46-59. doi:10.2307/1952754. JSTOR 1952754.

loc.gov

lccn.loc.gov

Basham, Patrick (2008). "Political Parties". Hamowy, Ronald (Ed.). Arşivlenmiş kopya. The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; Cato Institute. ss. 379-380. doi:10.4135/9781412965811.n233. ISBN 978-1412965804. LCCN 2008009151. OCLC 750831024. 9 Ocak 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 26 Mayıs 2023.

lsbu.ac.uk

researchopen.lsbu.ac.uk

Barber, Stephen (17 Eylül 2013). "Arise, Careerless Politician: The Rise of the Professional Party Leader". Politics. 34 (1): 23-31. doi:10.1111/1467-9256.12030.

lse.ac.uk

eprints.lse.ac.uk

Carbone, Giovanni M. (November 2003). "Developing Multi-Party Politics: Stability and Change in Ghana and Mozambique" (PDF). Crisis States Programme Working Paper Series. 1 (36). 30 Ocak 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 23 Ocak 2021.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Meyer, Thomas; Miller, Bernhard (2015). "The niche party concept and its measurement". Party Politics. 21 (2): 259-271. doi:10.1177/1354068812472582. PMC 5180693 $2. PMID 28066152.

nytimes.com

"Saudi Arabia: Political Party Formed". The New York Times. 10 Şubat 2011. 27 Ocak 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 20 Ocak 2021.

observer.com

Francis, Darrell (13 Temmuz 2016). "Why the Two-Party System Isn't as Broken as You May Think". Observer. 30 Ocak 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ocak 2021.

ox.ac.uk

ora.ox.ac.uk

Andrew C. Eggers; Arthur Spirling (11 Nisan 2016). "The Shadow Cabinet in Westminster Systems: Modeling Opposition Agenda Setting in the House of Commons, 1832–1915". British Journal of Political Science. 48 (2): 343-367. doi:10.1017/S0007123416000016. 17 Mayıs 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 26 Mayıs 2023.

sagepub.com

sk.sagepub.com

Basham, Patrick (2008). "Political Parties". Hamowy, Ronald (Ed.). Arşivlenmiş kopya. The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; Cato Institute. ss. 379-380. doi:10.4135/9781412965811.n233. ISBN 978-1412965804. LCCN 2008009151. OCLC 750831024. 9 Ocak 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 26 Mayıs 2023.

scmp.com

Staff writer (30 Haziran 2015). "China's Communist Party membership tops entire population of Germany". South China Morning Post. SCMP Group. 3 Temmuz 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 30 Haziran 2015.

theconversation.com

Cohen, Alexander (2 Mart 2020). "The two-party system is here to stay". The Conversation. 14 Ocak 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ocak 2021.

usp.br

neci.fflch.usp.br

Marcondes de Freitas, Andréa. "Governmental Coalitions in Multiparty Presidentialism: The Brazilian Case (1988–2011)" (PDF). Universidade de São Paulo. 19 Ocak 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 22 Ocak 2021.

vu.nl

research.vu.nl

Krouwel, Andre (2003). "Otto Kirchheimer and the Catch-All Party". West European Politics. 26 (2): 24. doi:10.1080/01402380512331341091.
Adams, James; Clark, Michael; Ezrow, Lawrence; Glasgow, Garrett (2006). "Are Niche Parties Fundamentally Different from Mainstream Parties? The Causes and the Electoral Consequences of Western European Parties' Policy Shifts, 1976–1998" (PDF). American Journal of Political Science. 50 (3): 513-529. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2006.00199.x. 6 Ağustos 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 18 Haziran 2020.

washingtonpost.com

Blake, Aaron (27 Nisan 2016). "Why are there only two parties in American politics?". The Washington Post. 18 Eylül 2018 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 17 Eylül 2021.

web.archive.org

Andrew C. Eggers; Arthur Spirling (11 Nisan 2016). "The Shadow Cabinet in Westminster Systems: Modeling Opposition Agenda Setting in the House of Commons, 1832–1915". British Journal of Political Science. 48 (2): 343-367. doi:10.1017/S0007123416000016. 17 Mayıs 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 26 Mayıs 2023.
Adams, James; Clark, Michael; Ezrow, Lawrence; Glasgow, Garrett (2006). "Are Niche Parties Fundamentally Different from Mainstream Parties? The Causes and the Electoral Consequences of Western European Parties' Policy Shifts, 1976–1998" (PDF). American Journal of Political Science. 50 (3): 513-529. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2006.00199.x. 6 Ağustos 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 18 Haziran 2020.
Kosowska-Gąstoł, Beata; Sobolewska-Myślik, Katarzyna (2017). "New Political Entrepreneurs in Poland" (PDF). Politologický časopis - Czech Journal of Political Science. 24 (2): 137-157. doi:10.5817/PC2017-2-137. 22 Ocak 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 17 Ocak 2021.
"The purpose of political parties". Government of the Netherlands. 3 Eylül 2014. 12 Ağustos 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 14 Şubat 2021.
"The purpose of political parties". Government of the Netherlands. 3 Eylül 2014. 12 Ağustos 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 14 Şubat 2021.
"The purpose of political parties". Government of the Netherlands. 3 Eylül 2014. 12 Ağustos 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 14 Şubat 2021.
Laakso, Markku; Taagepera, Rein (1979). ""Effective" Number of Parties: A Measure with Application to West Europe". Comparative Political Studies (İngilizce). 12 (1): 3-27. doi:10.1177/001041407901200101. ISSN 0010-4140. 17 Mart 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 14 Şubat 2021.
"Saudi Arabia: Political Party Formed". The New York Times. 10 Şubat 2011. 27 Ocak 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 20 Ocak 2021.
"Freedom in the World 2020: Cuba". Freedom House. 2020. 29 Ocak 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 20 Ocak 2021.
Staff writer (30 Haziran 2015). "China's Communist Party membership tops entire population of Germany". South China Morning Post. SCMP Group. 3 Temmuz 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 30 Haziran 2015.
Cohen, Alexander (2 Mart 2020). "The two-party system is here to stay". The Conversation. 14 Ocak 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ocak 2021.
Blake, Aaron (27 Nisan 2016). "Why are there only two parties in American politics?". The Washington Post. 18 Eylül 2018 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 17 Eylül 2021.
Stephen P. Nicholson; Christopher J. Carman; Chelsea M. Coe; Aidan Feeney; Balázs Fehér; Brett K. Hayes; Christopher Kam; Jeffrey A. Karp; Gergo Vaczi; Evan Heit (13 Şubat 2018). "The Nature of Party Categories in Two‐Party and Multiparty Systems". Advances in Political Psychology. 39 (S1): 279-304. doi:10.1111/pops.12486 . 17 Mayıs 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 26 Mayıs 2023.
A. Farid Wadjdi; Mistiani; Nebula F. Hasani (2020). "The Multi-Party System in Indonesia: Reviewing the Number of Electoral Parties from the Aspects of the National Defense and Security". Journal of Social and Political Sciences. 3 (3): 711-724. doi:10.31014/aior.1991.03.03.204. 17 Mayıs 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 26 Mayıs 2023.
Marcondes de Freitas, Andréa. "Governmental Coalitions in Multiparty Presidentialism: The Brazilian Case (1988–2011)" (PDF). Universidade de São Paulo. 19 Ocak 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 22 Ocak 2021.
Carbone, Giovanni M. (November 2003). "Developing Multi-Party Politics: Stability and Change in Ghana and Mozambique" (PDF). Crisis States Programme Working Paper Series. 1 (36). 30 Ocak 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 23 Ocak 2021.
Drutman, Lee (19 Ekim 2019). "Let a Thousand Parties Bloom". Foreign Policy. 13 Şubat 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ocak 2021.
Rosenfeld, Sam (14 Nisan 2020). "It Takes Three (or More)". Boston Review. 28 Ocak 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ocak 2021.
Malachova, Anastasija (21 Kasım 2012). "Does a Multi-party System Lead to "More" Democracy?". E-International Relations. 29 Ocak 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ocak 2021.
"Africans increasingly support multiparty democracy, but trust in political parties remains low". Afrobarometer. 18 Haziran 2018. 30 Ocak 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ocak 2021.
Drutman, Lee (19 Ekim 2019). "Let a thousand parties bloom". Foreign Policy. 13 Şubat 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 30 Temmuz 2021.
Francis, Darrell (13 Temmuz 2016). "Why the Two-Party System Isn't as Broken as You May Think". Observer. 30 Ocak 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ocak 2021.
Basham, Patrick (2008). "Political Parties". Hamowy, Ronald (Ed.). Arşivlenmiş kopya. The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; Cato Institute. ss. 379-380. doi:10.4135/9781412965811.n233. ISBN 978-1412965804. LCCN 2008009151. OCLC 750831024. 9 Ocak 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 26 Mayıs 2023.

worldcat.org

Laakso, Markku; Taagepera, Rein (1979). ""Effective" Number of Parties: A Measure with Application to West Europe". Comparative Political Studies (İngilizce). 12 (1): 3-27. doi:10.1177/001041407901200101. ISSN 0010-4140. 17 Mart 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 14 Şubat 2021.
Basham, Patrick (2008). "Political Parties". Hamowy, Ronald (Ed.). Arşivlenmiş kopya. The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; Cato Institute. ss. 379-380. doi:10.4135/9781412965811.n233. ISBN 978-1412965804. LCCN 2008009151. OCLC 750831024. 9 Ocak 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 26 Mayıs 2023.

zenodo.org

A. Farid Wadjdi; Mistiani; Nebula F. Hasani (2020). "The Multi-Party System in Indonesia: Reviewing the Number of Electoral Parties from the Aspects of the National Defense and Security". Journal of Social and Political Sciences. 3 (3): 711-724. doi:10.31014/aior.1991.03.03.204. 17 Mayıs 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 26 Mayıs 2023.