Ka'opua, L. S. I.; Cassel, K.; Shiramizu, B.; Stotzer, R. L.; Robles, A.; Kapua, C.; Orton, M.; Milne, C.; Sesepasara, M. (2015). "Addressing Risk and Reluctance at the Nexus of HIV and Anal Cancer Screening". Health Promotion Practice. 17 (1). ss. 21-30. doi:10.1177/1524839915615611. ISSN1524-8399.
Sua'aIi'i, Tamasailau, "Samoans and Gender: Some Reflections on Male, Female and Fa'afafine Gender Identities", in: Tangata O Te Moana Nui: The Evolving Identities of Pacific Peoples in Aotearoa/New Zealand, Palmerston North (NZ): Dunmore Press, 2001, ISBN 0-86469-369-9
It is believed to be an English adaptation of the German word Urning, which was first published by activist Karl Heinrich Ulrichs
Ka'opua, L. S. I.; Cassel, K.; Shiramizu, B.; Stotzer, R. L.; Robles, A.; Kapua, C.; Orton, M.; Milne, C.; Sesepasara, M. (2015). "Addressing Risk and Reluctance at the Nexus of HIV and Anal Cancer Screening". Health Promotion Practice. 17 (1). ss. 21-30. doi:10.1177/1524839915615611. ISSN1524-8399.