İskitler (Turkish Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "İskitler" in Turkish language version.

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altayli.net

Abdülhaluk M.Çay- İlhami Durmuş. "İskitler ve İskitlerin Kökeni". 29 Kasım 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi.

archive.org

Taylor, Timothy (1997). The Prehistory of Sex: Four Million Years of Human Sexual Culture. Bantam Books. ss. 214. ISBN 978-0553375275.
Minns, Ellis (1913). Scythians and Greeks: A Survey of Ancient History and Archaeology on the North Coast of the Euxine from the Danube to the Caucasus. Cambridge University Press. ss. 45-6. ISBN 9781108024877.
Cunliffe, Barry (1994). The Oxford Illustrated Prehistory of Europe. Oxford University Press. ss. 397. ISBN 9780192854414.
Ricaut F. (2004). "Genetic Analysis of a Scytho-Siberian Skeleton and Its Implications for Ancient Central Asian Migrations". Human Biology. 76 (1). ss. 109-125. doi:10.1353/hub.2004.0025. PMID 15222683.
Ricaut, F. (2004). "Genetic Analysis and Ethnic Affinities From Two Scytho-Siberian Skeletons". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. Cilt 123. ss. 351-360. doi:10.1002/ajpa.10323. PMID 15022363.

azargoshnasp.net

Szemerényi, Oswald (1980). Four old Iranian ethnic names: Scythian – Skudra – Sogdian – Saka (PDF). Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. ISBN 0520068645.
Szemerényi, Oswald (1980) "Four old Iranian ethnic names: Scythian; Skudra; Sogdian; Saka" in: Sitzungsberichte der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften; 371 = Scripta minora, vol. 4, pp. 2051-93 Azagoshnasp.net

batman.edu.tr

earsiv.batman.edu.tr

Oral, Ebru (Mart 2015). "İskit sanatı ve Anadolu'daki yayılımı". doi:10.16992/ASOS.592. 31 Ocak 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 31 Ocak 2023.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

Bakınız: "İskitler". AnaBritannica. AnaBritannica Yayıncılık. 1994. "Scythian | People, History, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica (İngilizce). 28 Kasım 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 20 Kasım 2019. Херрманн, Unesco, Эрик Жüрчер, History of Humanity: From the seventh century BC to the seventh century AD, Routledge, 1996, ISBN 9789231028120, p. 181. 13 Mart 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Scythians were Iranian peoples Andrew Bell-Fialkoff, Andrew Villen Bell, The role of migration in the history of the Eurasian steppe: sedentary civilization vs. "barbarian" and nomad, Vol. 1: Role Migrant History Eurasian Step, Palgrave Macmillan, 2000, ISBN 978-0-312-21207-0, p. 379. 13 Mart 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Eastern-Iranian nomadic peoples Paul Robert Magocsi, A history of Ukraine, University of Toronto Press, 1996, ISBN 978-0-8020-7820-9, p. 28. 13 Mart 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. a branch of Iranian people Mykhaĭlo Hrushevsʹkyĭ, Andrzej Poppe, Marta Skorupsky, Uliana M. Pasicznyk, Frank E. Sysyn, History of Ukraine-Rus': From prehistory to the eleventh century, Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press, 1997, ISBN 978-1-895571-22-6, p. 83. 13 Mart 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Scythians were an Iranian people Hermann Parzinger: Die Skythen (Almanca). Beck Yayınevi, Münih 2004. ISBN 3-406-50842-1 Scythian mummy shown in Germany 1 Mart 2010 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi., BBC News

biblegateway.com

"Colossians 3:11 NIV - Here there is no Gentile or Jew". Bible Gateway. 18 Kasım 2018 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 30 Haziran 2012.

books.google.com

Antony Karasulas, Edited by Ruth Sheppard Mounted archers of the Steppe 600 BC-AD 1300, Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2004 19 Eylül 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. ISBN 1-84176-809-X
MacLeod, Sharon (7 Aralık 2013). The Divine Feminine in Ancient Europe: Goddesses, Sacred Women and the Origins of Western Culture. McFarland. s. 116-128. 17 Ocak 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 16 Kasım 2019.
Boris Alexandrovič Rybakov (1989). Kievan Russia: History of Kievan Russia's First Feudal. Progress. s. 30. ISBN 978-5-01-001154-3.
Anthony, David W. (2007). The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-05887-3. 27 Mart 2017 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Mart 2019.
Bakınız: "Ossetians". Encarta. Microsoft Corporation. 2008. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. (1991). "The New Encyclopaedia Britannica: Marcopædia". Encyclopædia Britannica. 22. s. 625. ISBN 9780852295298. Minahan, James (1998). Miniature Empires: A Historical Dictionary of the Newly Independent States. New York City, NY: Routledge. s. 211. ISBN 978-1-57958-133-6. 6 Nisan 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 20 Kasım 2019. Nasidze, I; Quinque, D; Dupanloup, I (Kasım 2004). "Genetic evidence concerning the origins of South and North Ossetians". Ann. Hum. Genet. 68 (6). ss. 588-99. doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2004.00131.x. PMID 15598217. Victor Shnirelman, "The Politics of a Name: Between Consolidation and Separation in the Northern Caucasus", Acta slavica iaponica: Journal of Slavic Research Center, Hokkaido University, Vol. 23, Hokkaido University, 2006, p. 47. 30 Ağustos 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Ossetian phenomenon inherited from their Scythian-Alan ancestors... Mitford W., The History of Greece. syf. 419

britannica.com

Hambly, Gavin. "History of Central Asia: Early Western Peoples". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 9 Ekim 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 4 Ekim 2019.
"Scythian art". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 19 Aralık 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 4 Ekim 2019.
Bakınız: "İskitler". AnaBritannica. AnaBritannica Yayıncılık. 1994. "Scythian | People, History, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica (İngilizce). 28 Kasım 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 20 Kasım 2019. Херрманн, Unesco, Эрик Жüрчер, History of Humanity: From the seventh century BC to the seventh century AD, Routledge, 1996, ISBN 9789231028120, p. 181. 13 Mart 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Scythians were Iranian peoples Andrew Bell-Fialkoff, Andrew Villen Bell, The role of migration in the history of the Eurasian steppe: sedentary civilization vs. "barbarian" and nomad, Vol. 1: Role Migrant History Eurasian Step, Palgrave Macmillan, 2000, ISBN 978-0-312-21207-0, p. 379. 13 Mart 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Eastern-Iranian nomadic peoples Paul Robert Magocsi, A history of Ukraine, University of Toronto Press, 1996, ISBN 978-0-8020-7820-9, p. 28. 13 Mart 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. a branch of Iranian people Mykhaĭlo Hrushevsʹkyĭ, Andrzej Poppe, Marta Skorupsky, Uliana M. Pasicznyk, Frank E. Sysyn, History of Ukraine-Rus': From prehistory to the eleventh century, Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press, 1997, ISBN 978-1-895571-22-6, p. 83. 13 Mart 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Scythians were an Iranian people Hermann Parzinger: Die Skythen (Almanca). Beck Yayınevi, Münih 2004. ISBN 3-406-50842-1 Scythian mummy shown in Germany 1 Mart 2010 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi., BBC News

global.britannica.com

"Scythian". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 21 Mayıs 2014 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 31 Aralık 2014.

classicalstudies.org

Hart, Rachel. "(N)either Men (n)or Women? The Failure of Western Binary Systems". Society for Classical Studies. 6 Mayıs 2017 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 28 Ocak 2020.

doi.org

Unterländer, Martina; Palstra, Friso; Lazaridis, Iosif; Pilipenko, Aleksandr; Hofmanová, Zuzana; Groß, Melanie; Sell, Christian; Blöcher, Jens; Kirsanow, Karola; Rohland, Nadin; Rieger, Benjamin (3 Mart 2017). "Ancestry and demography and descendants of Iron Age nomads of the Eurasian Steppe". Nature Communications (İngilizce). 8 (1): 14615. doi:10.1038/ncomms14615. ISSN 2041-1723. 21 Mayıs 2017 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 6 Mart 2023. "On the other hand, evidence supporting an east Eurasian origin includes the kurgan Arzhan 1 in Tuva, which is considered the earliest Scythian kurgan. Dating of additional burial sites situated in east and west Eurasia confirmed eastern kurgans as older than their western counterparts."
Mary, Laura; Zvénigorosky, Vincent; Kovalev, Alexey; Gonzalez, Angéla; Fausser, Jean-Luc; Jagorel, Florence; Kilunovskaya, Marina; Semenov, Vladimir; Crubézy, Eric; Ludes, Bertrand; Keyser, Christine (Nisan 2019). "Genetic kinship and admixture in Iron Age Scytho-Siberians". Human Genetics (İngilizce). 138 (4): 411-423. doi:10.1007/s00439-019-02002-y. ISSN 0340-6717. ""European and Asian Scythians have a different Y‑chromosomal gene pool to date, few Y-chromosomal lineages have been reported for Scythian or Scytho-Siberian individuals (fewer than twenty Y-haplogroups published). In the present work, the combined use of STRs and SNPs allowed us to obtain Y-haplogroups for 16 Scytho-Siberian male individuals. More than half of them were carriers of the R1a-M513 haplogroup (n = 9/16) including two individuals belonging to the R1a1a1b2-Z93 haplogroup or one of its subclades.", "Scythians suggest that these 2 groups had a completely different paternal lineage makeup with nearly no gene flow from male carriers between them."
Damgaard, Peter de Barros; Marchi, Nina; Rasmussen, Simon; Peyrot, Michaël; Renaud, Gabriel; Korneliussen, Thorfinn; Moreno-Mayar, J. Víctor; Pedersen, Mikkel Winther; Goldberg, Amy; Usmanova, Emma; Baimukhanov, Nurbol (Mayıs 2018). "137 ancient human genomes from across the Eurasian steppes". Nature (İngilizce). 557 (7705): 369-374. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0094-2. ISSN 0028-0836. 31 Mayıs 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 6 Mart 2023. "Lastly, the high genetic differentiation between western and eastern Scythians is emphasized by observing higher fixation index (FST) values between"
Juras, Anna; Krzewińska, Maja; Nikitin, Alexey G.; Ehler, Edvard; Chyleński, Maciej; Łukasik, Sylwia; Krenz-Niedbała, Marta; Sinika, Vitaly; Piontek, Janusz; Ivanova, Svetlana; Dabert, Miroslawa (7 Mart 2017). "Diverse origin of mitochondrial lineages in Iron Age Black Sea Scythians". Scientific Reports (İngilizce). 7 (1): 43950. doi:10.1038/srep43950. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 5339713 $2. PMID 28266657. 21 Şubat 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 6 Mart 2023. KB1 bakım: PMC biçimi (link) "Mitochondrial lineages in the studied populations consist of an overlapping mix of haplogroups of east and west Eurasian descent, which does not clarify their ultimate origins."
Ricaut, Francois-X; Keyser-Tracqui, C; Bourgeois, J; Crubezy, E; Ludes, B (2004). "Genetic Analysis of a Scytho-Siberian Skeleton and Its Implications for Ancient Central Asian Migrations". Human Biology (İngilizce). 76 (1): 109-125. doi:10.1353/hub.2004.0025. ISSN 1534-6617. 17 Ekim 2022 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 6 Mart 2023. "Besides, none of the five Scytho-Siberian mtDNA sequences previously published belong to haplogroup N1a, with which the Kizil skeleton is affiliated. This indicates that 2500 years ago the Scytho-Siberian population in Altai was of mixed Eurasian origin. The fact that the Kizil skeleton belongs to haplogroup N1a attests to the presence in Altai 2500 years ago of an individual linked by maternal lineage to a European population."
Dmitrii G. Tikhonov, Gokce Y. A. Peler, Victor M. Dyakonov and Gurkan, Cemal (8 Ocak 2019). "On The Genetic Continuity of the Iron Age Pazyryk Culture: Geographic Distributions of the Paternal and Maternal Lineages from the Ak-Alakha-1 Burial". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS. 19 (01). doi:10.31901/24566330.2019/19.01.709. 6 Mart 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 6 Mart 2023.
Chiasson, Charles (2001). "Scythian Androgyny and Environmental Determinism in Herodotus and the Hippocratic πϵρὶ ἀϵ́ρων ὑδάτων τóπων". Syllecta Classica (İngilizce). 12 (1). ss. 33-73. doi:10.1353/syl.2001.0007. ISSN 2160-5157.
Oral, Ebru (Mart 2015). "İskit sanatı ve Anadolu'daki yayılımı". doi:10.16992/ASOS.592. 31 Ocak 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 31 Ocak 2023.
Clisson, I. (2002). "Genetic analysis of human remains from a double inhumation in a frozen kurgan in Kazakhstan (Berel site, early 3rd century BC)". International Journal of Legal Medicine. Cilt 116. ss. 304-308. doi:10.1007/s00414-002-0295-x. PMID 12376844.
Ricaut F. (2004). "Genetic Analysis of a Scytho-Siberian Skeleton and Its Implications for Ancient Central Asian Migrations". Human Biology. 76 (1). ss. 109-125. doi:10.1353/hub.2004.0025. PMID 15222683.
Ricaut, F. (2004). "Genetic Analysis and Ethnic Affinities From Two Scytho-Siberian Skeletons". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. Cilt 123. ss. 351-360. doi:10.1002/ajpa.10323. PMID 15022363.
Keyser, C; Bouakaze, C; Crubézy, E (Eylül 2009). "Ancient DNA provides new insights into the history of south Siberian Kurgan people". Human Genetics. 126 (3). ss. 395-410. doi:10.1007/s00439-009-0683-0. PMID 19449030. ^{[ölü/kırık bağlantı]}
Wolfgang Haak (11 Haziran 2015). "Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe". Nature. Cilt 522. ss. 207-211. doi:10.1038/nature14317. PMC 5048219 $2. PMID 25731166. 30 Nisan 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 29 Şubat 2016.
Morten E. Allentoft (11 Haziran 2015). "Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia". Nature. Cilt 522. ss. 167-172. doi:10.1038/nature14507. 30 Nisan 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 29 Şubat 2016.
Bakınız: "Ossetians". Encarta. Microsoft Corporation. 2008. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. (1991). "The New Encyclopaedia Britannica: Marcopædia". Encyclopædia Britannica. 22. s. 625. ISBN 9780852295298. Minahan, James (1998). Miniature Empires: A Historical Dictionary of the Newly Independent States. New York City, NY: Routledge. s. 211. ISBN 978-1-57958-133-6. 6 Nisan 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 20 Kasım 2019. Nasidze, I; Quinque, D; Dupanloup, I (Kasım 2004). "Genetic evidence concerning the origins of South and North Ossetians". Ann. Hum. Genet. 68 (6). ss. 588-99. doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2004.00131.x. PMID 15598217. Victor Shnirelman, "The Politics of a Name: Between Consolidation and Separation in the Northern Caucasus", Acta slavica iaponica: Journal of Slavic Research Center, Hokkaido University, Vol. 23, Hokkaido University, 2006, p. 47. 30 Ağustos 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Ossetian phenomenon inherited from their Scythian-Alan ancestors... Mitford W., The History of Greece. syf. 419

google.ca

books.google.ca

Ustinova, Yulia (1999). The Supreme Gods of the Bosporan Kingdom: Celestial Aphrodite and the Most High God (İngilizce). Brill. s. 78. ISBN 978-90-04-11231-5. 25 Şubat 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 19 Nisan 2020.

google.com.tr

books.google.com.tr

Kristiansen, Kristian (2000). Europe Before History (İngilizce). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-78436-8. 6 Mart 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 6 Mart 2023. I suggest we should accept a general definition by which we link pastoral nomadic cultures from the Caucasus and westwards to the Cimmerian, using the concept in the sense of an archaeological culture, rather than as a specific historical people, accidentally referred to at various times in history, and in several places, none of which was their original homeland.
Bakınız: "İskitler". AnaBritannica. AnaBritannica Yayıncılık. 1994. "Scythian | People, History, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica (İngilizce). 28 Kasım 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 20 Kasım 2019. Херрманн, Unesco, Эрик Жüрчер, History of Humanity: From the seventh century BC to the seventh century AD, Routledge, 1996, ISBN 9789231028120, p. 181. 13 Mart 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Scythians were Iranian peoples Andrew Bell-Fialkoff, Andrew Villen Bell, The role of migration in the history of the Eurasian steppe: sedentary civilization vs. "barbarian" and nomad, Vol. 1: Role Migrant History Eurasian Step, Palgrave Macmillan, 2000, ISBN 978-0-312-21207-0, p. 379. 13 Mart 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Eastern-Iranian nomadic peoples Paul Robert Magocsi, A history of Ukraine, University of Toronto Press, 1996, ISBN 978-0-8020-7820-9, p. 28. 13 Mart 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. a branch of Iranian people Mykhaĭlo Hrushevsʹkyĭ, Andrzej Poppe, Marta Skorupsky, Uliana M. Pasicznyk, Frank E. Sysyn, History of Ukraine-Rus': From prehistory to the eleventh century, Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press, 1997, ISBN 978-1-895571-22-6, p. 83. 13 Mart 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Scythians were an Iranian people Hermann Parzinger: Die Skythen (Almanca). Beck Yayınevi, Münih 2004. ISBN 3-406-50842-1 Scythian mummy shown in Germany 1 Mart 2010 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi., BBC News

google.de

books.google.de

Memiş, Ekrem (1987). İskit'lerin tarihi. Selçuk Üniversitesi. 7 Şubat 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 16 Aralık 2019.

hokudai.ac.jp

src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp

Bakınız: "Ossetians". Encarta. Microsoft Corporation. 2008. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. (1991). "The New Encyclopaedia Britannica: Marcopædia". Encyclopædia Britannica. 22. s. 625. ISBN 9780852295298. Minahan, James (1998). Miniature Empires: A Historical Dictionary of the Newly Independent States. New York City, NY: Routledge. s. 211. ISBN 978-1-57958-133-6. 6 Nisan 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 20 Kasım 2019. Nasidze, I; Quinque, D; Dupanloup, I (Kasım 2004). "Genetic evidence concerning the origins of South and North Ossetians". Ann. Hum. Genet. 68 (6). ss. 588-99. doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2004.00131.x. PMID 15598217. Victor Shnirelman, "The Politics of a Name: Between Consolidation and Separation in the Northern Caucasus", Acta slavica iaponica: Journal of Slavic Research Center, Hokkaido University, Vol. 23, Hokkaido University, 2006, p. 47. 30 Ağustos 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Ossetian phenomenon inherited from their Scythian-Alan ancestors... Mitford W., The History of Greece. syf. 419

iranica.com

R. Grousset, „The empire of the Steppes“, Rutgers University Press, 1989, S. 19 ff.; E. Jacbonson, „The Art of Scythians“, Brill Academic Publishers, 1995, S. 63, ISBN 90-04-09856-9; J. P. Mallory, „In Search of the Indo-Europeans: Language Archeology and Myth“, Thames and Hudson, 1998, Kap. 2, S. 51-53; V. Abaev/H. W. Bailey, „ALANS“ 17 Mayıs 2008 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi., Encyclopaedia Iranica, online ed., 2009; D. Sinor, „Inner Asia: History — Civilization — Languages“, Routledge, 1997, S. 82, ISBN 0-7007-0896-0

jhu.edu

muse.jhu.edu

Ricaut, Francois-X; Keyser-Tracqui, C; Bourgeois, J; Crubezy, E; Ludes, B (2004). "Genetic Analysis of a Scytho-Siberian Skeleton and Its Implications for Ancient Central Asian Migrations". Human Biology (İngilizce). 76 (1): 109-125. doi:10.1353/hub.2004.0025. ISSN 1534-6617. 17 Ekim 2022 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 6 Mart 2023. "Besides, none of the five Scytho-Siberian mtDNA sequences previously published belong to haplogroup N1a, with which the Kizil skeleton is affiliated. This indicates that 2500 years ago the Scytho-Siberian population in Altai was of mixed Eurasian origin. The fact that the Kizil skeleton belongs to haplogroup N1a attests to the presence in Altai 2500 years ago of an individual linked by maternal lineage to a European population."

kafkas.edu.tr

fef.kafkas.edu.tr

Balaban, Ayhan. İskit, Hun ve Göktürklerde Sosyal ve Ekonomik Hayat. T.C. Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Eski Çağ Tarihi Bilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi. 2006. URL:http://fef.kafkas.edu.tr/sosyb/tde/halk_bilimi/makaleler/kultur_med/kultur_med%20(20).pdf 13 Ekim 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.. Erişim tarihi: 11.12.2011. (Archived by WebCite® at)

krepublishers.com

Dmitrii G. Tikhonov, Gokce Y. A. Peler, Victor M. Dyakonov and Gurkan, Cemal (8 Ocak 2019). "On The Genetic Continuity of the Iron Age Pazyryk Culture: Geographic Distributions of the Paternal and Maternal Lineages from the Ak-Alakha-1 Burial". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS. 19 (01). doi:10.31901/24566330.2019/19.01.709. 6 Mart 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 6 Mart 2023.

kroraina.com

For ethnogenesis, see Walter Pohl, "Conceptions of Ethnicity in Early Medieval Studies" Debating the Middle Ages: Issues and Readings, ed. Lester K. Little and Barbara H. Rosenwein, (Blackwell), 1998, pp 13-24) (On-line text^{[ölü/kırık bağlantı]}).

nature.com

Unterländer, Martina; Palstra, Friso; Lazaridis, Iosif; Pilipenko, Aleksandr; Hofmanová, Zuzana; Groß, Melanie; Sell, Christian; Blöcher, Jens; Kirsanow, Karola; Rohland, Nadin; Rieger, Benjamin (3 Mart 2017). "Ancestry and demography and descendants of Iron Age nomads of the Eurasian Steppe". Nature Communications (İngilizce). 8 (1): 14615. doi:10.1038/ncomms14615. ISSN 2041-1723. 21 Mayıs 2017 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 6 Mart 2023. "On the other hand, evidence supporting an east Eurasian origin includes the kurgan Arzhan 1 in Tuva, which is considered the earliest Scythian kurgan. Dating of additional burial sites situated in east and west Eurasia confirmed eastern kurgans as older than their western counterparts."
Damgaard, Peter de Barros; Marchi, Nina; Rasmussen, Simon; Peyrot, Michaël; Renaud, Gabriel; Korneliussen, Thorfinn; Moreno-Mayar, J. Víctor; Pedersen, Mikkel Winther; Goldberg, Amy; Usmanova, Emma; Baimukhanov, Nurbol (Mayıs 2018). "137 ancient human genomes from across the Eurasian steppes". Nature (İngilizce). 557 (7705): 369-374. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0094-2. ISSN 0028-0836. 31 Mayıs 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 6 Mart 2023. "Lastly, the high genetic differentiation between western and eastern Scythians is emphasized by observing higher fixation index (FST) values between"
Juras, Anna; Krzewińska, Maja; Nikitin, Alexey G.; Ehler, Edvard; Chyleński, Maciej; Łukasik, Sylwia; Krenz-Niedbała, Marta; Sinika, Vitaly; Piontek, Janusz; Ivanova, Svetlana; Dabert, Miroslawa (7 Mart 2017). "Diverse origin of mitochondrial lineages in Iron Age Black Sea Scythians". Scientific Reports (İngilizce). 7 (1): 43950. doi:10.1038/srep43950. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 5339713 $2. PMID 28266657. 21 Şubat 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 6 Mart 2023. KB1 bakım: PMC biçimi (link) "Mitochondrial lineages in the studied populations consist of an overlapping mix of haplogroups of east and west Eurasian descent, which does not clarify their ultimate origins."
Wolfgang Haak (11 Haziran 2015). "Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe". Nature. Cilt 522. ss. 207-211. doi:10.1038/nature14317. PMC 5048219 $2. PMID 25731166. 30 Nisan 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 29 Şubat 2016.
Morten E. Allentoft (11 Haziran 2015). "Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia". Nature. Cilt 522. ss. 167-172. doi:10.1038/nature14507. 30 Nisan 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 29 Şubat 2016.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Juras, Anna; Krzewińska, Maja; Nikitin, Alexey G.; Ehler, Edvard; Chyleński, Maciej; Łukasik, Sylwia; Krenz-Niedbała, Marta; Sinika, Vitaly; Piontek, Janusz; Ivanova, Svetlana; Dabert, Miroslawa (7 Mart 2017). "Diverse origin of mitochondrial lineages in Iron Age Black Sea Scythians". Scientific Reports (İngilizce). 7 (1): 43950. doi:10.1038/srep43950. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 5339713 $2. PMID 28266657. 21 Şubat 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 6 Mart 2023. KB1 bakım: PMC biçimi (link) "Mitochondrial lineages in the studied populations consist of an overlapping mix of haplogroups of east and west Eurasian descent, which does not clarify their ultimate origins."
Clisson, I. (2002). "Genetic analysis of human remains from a double inhumation in a frozen kurgan in Kazakhstan (Berel site, early 3rd century BC)". International Journal of Legal Medicine. Cilt 116. ss. 304-308. doi:10.1007/s00414-002-0295-x. PMID 12376844.
Ricaut F. (2004). "Genetic Analysis of a Scytho-Siberian Skeleton and Its Implications for Ancient Central Asian Migrations". Human Biology. 76 (1). ss. 109-125. doi:10.1353/hub.2004.0025. PMID 15222683.
Ricaut, F. (2004). "Genetic Analysis and Ethnic Affinities From Two Scytho-Siberian Skeletons". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. Cilt 123. ss. 351-360. doi:10.1002/ajpa.10323. PMID 15022363.
Keyser, C; Bouakaze, C; Crubézy, E (Eylül 2009). "Ancient DNA provides new insights into the history of south Siberian Kurgan people". Human Genetics. 126 (3). ss. 395-410. doi:10.1007/s00439-009-0683-0. PMID 19449030. ^{[ölü/kırık bağlantı]}
Wolfgang Haak (11 Haziran 2015). "Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe". Nature. Cilt 522. ss. 207-211. doi:10.1038/nature14317. PMC 5048219 $2. PMID 25731166. 30 Nisan 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 29 Şubat 2016.
Bakınız: "Ossetians". Encarta. Microsoft Corporation. 2008. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. (1991). "The New Encyclopaedia Britannica: Marcopædia". Encyclopædia Britannica. 22. s. 625. ISBN 9780852295298. Minahan, James (1998). Miniature Empires: A Historical Dictionary of the Newly Independent States. New York City, NY: Routledge. s. 211. ISBN 978-1-57958-133-6. 6 Nisan 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 20 Kasım 2019. Nasidze, I; Quinque, D; Dupanloup, I (Kasım 2004). "Genetic evidence concerning the origins of South and North Ossetians". Ann. Hum. Genet. 68 (6). ss. 588-99. doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2004.00131.x. PMID 15598217. Victor Shnirelman, "The Politics of a Name: Between Consolidation and Separation in the Northern Caucasus", Acta slavica iaponica: Journal of Slavic Research Center, Hokkaido University, Vol. 23, Hokkaido University, 2006, p. 47. 30 Ağustos 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Ossetian phenomenon inherited from their Scythian-Alan ancestors... Mitford W., The History of Greece. syf. 419

rice.edu

ruf.rice.edu

Andrzej Wasko. Sarmatism or the Enlightenment 20 Haziran 2009 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. 2009-06-20 at the Wayback Machine 3 Mart 2019 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.: The Dilemma of Polish Culture. Sarmatian Review 11 Haziran 2019 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. XVII.2.

scotsman.com

"Arşivlenmiş kopya". 6 Mart 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Mart 2019.

springer.com

link.springer.com

Mary, Laura; Zvénigorosky, Vincent; Kovalev, Alexey; Gonzalez, Angéla; Fausser, Jean-Luc; Jagorel, Florence; Kilunovskaya, Marina; Semenov, Vladimir; Crubézy, Eric; Ludes, Bertrand; Keyser, Christine (Nisan 2019). "Genetic kinship and admixture in Iron Age Scytho-Siberians". Human Genetics (İngilizce). 138 (4): 411-423. doi:10.1007/s00439-019-02002-y. ISSN 0340-6717. ""European and Asian Scythians have a different Y‑chromosomal gene pool to date, few Y-chromosomal lineages have been reported for Scythian or Scytho-Siberian individuals (fewer than twenty Y-haplogroups published). In the present work, the combined use of STRs and SNPs allowed us to obtain Y-haplogroups for 16 Scytho-Siberian male individuals. More than half of them were carriers of the R1a-M513 haplogroup (n = 9/16) including two individuals belonging to the R1a1a1b2-Z93 haplogroup or one of its subclades.", "Scythians suggest that these 2 groups had a completely different paternal lineage makeup with nearly no gene flow from male carriers between them."

springerlink.com

Keyser, C; Bouakaze, C; Crubézy, E (Eylül 2009). "Ancient DNA provides new insights into the history of south Siberian Kurgan people". Human Genetics. 126 (3). ss. 395-410. doi:10.1007/s00439-009-0683-0. PMID 19449030. ^{[ölü/kırık bağlantı]}

theoi.com

Callimachus 1921, Hymn IV. To Delos. 291 11 Haziran 2019 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. "The first to bring thee these offerings fro the fair-haired Arimaspi..."

tufts.edu

perseus.tufts.edu

Pliny 1855, Book VI, Chap. 24 7 Ocak 2020 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. ". These people, they said, exceeded the ordinary human height, had flaxen hair, and blue eyes..."

ulukayin.org

"Kanlı Ant Ritüelleri Ve Kan Kardeşliği". 8 Kasım 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 23 Kasım 2021.

web.archive.org

Unterländer, Martina; Palstra, Friso; Lazaridis, Iosif; Pilipenko, Aleksandr; Hofmanová, Zuzana; Groß, Melanie; Sell, Christian; Blöcher, Jens; Kirsanow, Karola; Rohland, Nadin; Rieger, Benjamin (3 Mart 2017). "Ancestry and demography and descendants of Iron Age nomads of the Eurasian Steppe". Nature Communications (İngilizce). 8 (1): 14615. doi:10.1038/ncomms14615. ISSN 2041-1723. 21 Mayıs 2017 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 6 Mart 2023. "On the other hand, evidence supporting an east Eurasian origin includes the kurgan Arzhan 1 in Tuva, which is considered the earliest Scythian kurgan. Dating of additional burial sites situated in east and west Eurasia confirmed eastern kurgans as older than their western counterparts."
Damgaard, Peter de Barros; Marchi, Nina; Rasmussen, Simon; Peyrot, Michaël; Renaud, Gabriel; Korneliussen, Thorfinn; Moreno-Mayar, J. Víctor; Pedersen, Mikkel Winther; Goldberg, Amy; Usmanova, Emma; Baimukhanov, Nurbol (Mayıs 2018). "137 ancient human genomes from across the Eurasian steppes". Nature (İngilizce). 557 (7705): 369-374. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0094-2. ISSN 0028-0836. 31 Mayıs 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 6 Mart 2023. "Lastly, the high genetic differentiation between western and eastern Scythians is emphasized by observing higher fixation index (FST) values between"
Juras, Anna; Krzewińska, Maja; Nikitin, Alexey G.; Ehler, Edvard; Chyleński, Maciej; Łukasik, Sylwia; Krenz-Niedbała, Marta; Sinika, Vitaly; Piontek, Janusz; Ivanova, Svetlana; Dabert, Miroslawa (7 Mart 2017). "Diverse origin of mitochondrial lineages in Iron Age Black Sea Scythians". Scientific Reports (İngilizce). 7 (1): 43950. doi:10.1038/srep43950. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 5339713 $2. PMID 28266657. 21 Şubat 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 6 Mart 2023. KB1 bakım: PMC biçimi (link) "Mitochondrial lineages in the studied populations consist of an overlapping mix of haplogroups of east and west Eurasian descent, which does not clarify their ultimate origins."
Ricaut, Francois-X; Keyser-Tracqui, C; Bourgeois, J; Crubezy, E; Ludes, B (2004). "Genetic Analysis of a Scytho-Siberian Skeleton and Its Implications for Ancient Central Asian Migrations". Human Biology (İngilizce). 76 (1): 109-125. doi:10.1353/hub.2004.0025. ISSN 1534-6617. 17 Ekim 2022 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 6 Mart 2023. "Besides, none of the five Scytho-Siberian mtDNA sequences previously published belong to haplogroup N1a, with which the Kizil skeleton is affiliated. This indicates that 2500 years ago the Scytho-Siberian population in Altai was of mixed Eurasian origin. The fact that the Kizil skeleton belongs to haplogroup N1a attests to the presence in Altai 2500 years ago of an individual linked by maternal lineage to a European population."
Dmitrii G. Tikhonov, Gokce Y. A. Peler, Victor M. Dyakonov and Gurkan, Cemal (8 Ocak 2019). "On The Genetic Continuity of the Iron Age Pazyryk Culture: Geographic Distributions of the Paternal and Maternal Lineages from the Ak-Alakha-1 Burial". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS. 19 (01). doi:10.31901/24566330.2019/19.01.709. 6 Mart 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 6 Mart 2023.
Kristiansen, Kristian (2000). Europe Before History (İngilizce). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-78436-8. 6 Mart 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 6 Mart 2023. I suggest we should accept a general definition by which we link pastoral nomadic cultures from the Caucasus and westwards to the Cimmerian, using the concept in the sense of an archaeological culture, rather than as a specific historical people, accidentally referred to at various times in history, and in several places, none of which was their original homeland.
Balaban, Ayhan. İskit, Hun ve Göktürklerde Sosyal ve Ekonomik Hayat. T.C. Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Eski Çağ Tarihi Bilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi. 2006. URL:http://fef.kafkas.edu.tr/sosyb/tde/halk_bilimi/makaleler/kultur_med/kultur_med%20(20).pdf 13 Ekim 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.. Erişim tarihi: 11.12.2011. (Archived by WebCite® at)
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"Colossians 3:11 NIV - Here there is no Gentile or Jew". Bible Gateway. 18 Kasım 2018 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 30 Haziran 2012.
Antony Karasulas, Edited by Ruth Sheppard Mounted archers of the Steppe 600 BC-AD 1300, Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2004 19 Eylül 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. ISBN 1-84176-809-X
Ustinova, Yulia (1999). The Supreme Gods of the Bosporan Kingdom: Celestial Aphrodite and the Most High God (İngilizce). Brill. s. 78. ISBN 978-90-04-11231-5. 25 Şubat 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 19 Nisan 2020.
Hart, Rachel. "(N)either Men (n)or Women? The Failure of Western Binary Systems". Society for Classical Studies. 6 Mayıs 2017 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 28 Ocak 2020.
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R. Grousset, „The empire of the Steppes“, Rutgers University Press, 1989, S. 19 ff.; E. Jacbonson, „The Art of Scythians“, Brill Academic Publishers, 1995, S. 63, ISBN 90-04-09856-9; J. P. Mallory, „In Search of the Indo-Europeans: Language Archeology and Myth“, Thames and Hudson, 1998, Kap. 2, S. 51-53; V. Abaev/H. W. Bailey, „ALANS“ 17 Mayıs 2008 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi., Encyclopaedia Iranica, online ed., 2009; D. Sinor, „Inner Asia: History — Civilization — Languages“, Routledge, 1997, S. 82, ISBN 0-7007-0896-0
Hippocrates 1886, 20 6 Eylül 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. "The Scythians are a ruddy race because of the cold, not through any fierceness in the sun's heat. It is the cold that burns their white skin and turns it ruddy."
Callimachus 1921, Hymn IV. To Delos. 291 11 Haziran 2019 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. "The first to bring thee these offerings fro the fair-haired Arimaspi..."
Pliny 1855, Book VI, Chap. 24 7 Ocak 2020 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. ". These people, they said, exceeded the ordinary human height, had flaxen hair, and blue eyes..."
Wolfgang Haak (11 Haziran 2015). "Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe". Nature. Cilt 522. ss. 207-211. doi:10.1038/nature14317. PMC 5048219 $2. PMID 25731166. 30 Nisan 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 29 Şubat 2016.
Morten E. Allentoft (11 Haziran 2015). "Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia". Nature. Cilt 522. ss. 167-172. doi:10.1038/nature14507. 30 Nisan 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 29 Şubat 2016.
Bakınız: "Ossetians". Encarta. Microsoft Corporation. 2008. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. (1991). "The New Encyclopaedia Britannica: Marcopædia". Encyclopædia Britannica. 22. s. 625. ISBN 9780852295298. Minahan, James (1998). Miniature Empires: A Historical Dictionary of the Newly Independent States. New York City, NY: Routledge. s. 211. ISBN 978-1-57958-133-6. 6 Nisan 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 20 Kasım 2019. Nasidze, I; Quinque, D; Dupanloup, I (Kasım 2004). "Genetic evidence concerning the origins of South and North Ossetians". Ann. Hum. Genet. 68 (6). ss. 588-99. doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2004.00131.x. PMID 15598217. Victor Shnirelman, "The Politics of a Name: Between Consolidation and Separation in the Northern Caucasus", Acta slavica iaponica: Journal of Slavic Research Center, Hokkaido University, Vol. 23, Hokkaido University, 2006, p. 47. 30 Ağustos 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Ossetian phenomenon inherited from their Scythian-Alan ancestors... Mitford W., The History of Greece. syf. 419
Andrzej Wasko. Sarmatism or the Enlightenment 20 Haziran 2009 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. 2009-06-20 at the Wayback Machine 3 Mart 2019 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.: The Dilemma of Polish Culture. Sarmatian Review 11 Haziran 2019 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. XVII.2.
Kresin, O. Sarmatism Ukrainian. Ukrainian History
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Bakınız: "İskitler". AnaBritannica. AnaBritannica Yayıncılık. 1994. "Scythian | People, History, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica (İngilizce). 28 Kasım 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 20 Kasım 2019. Херрманн, Unesco, Эрик Жüрчер, History of Humanity: From the seventh century BC to the seventh century AD, Routledge, 1996, ISBN 9789231028120, p. 181. 13 Mart 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Scythians were Iranian peoples Andrew Bell-Fialkoff, Andrew Villen Bell, The role of migration in the history of the Eurasian steppe: sedentary civilization vs. "barbarian" and nomad, Vol. 1: Role Migrant History Eurasian Step, Palgrave Macmillan, 2000, ISBN 978-0-312-21207-0, p. 379. 13 Mart 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Eastern-Iranian nomadic peoples Paul Robert Magocsi, A history of Ukraine, University of Toronto Press, 1996, ISBN 978-0-8020-7820-9, p. 28. 13 Mart 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. a branch of Iranian people Mykhaĭlo Hrushevsʹkyĭ, Andrzej Poppe, Marta Skorupsky, Uliana M. Pasicznyk, Frank E. Sysyn, History of Ukraine-Rus': From prehistory to the eleventh century, Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press, 1997, ISBN 978-1-895571-22-6, p. 83. 13 Mart 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Scythians were an Iranian people Hermann Parzinger: Die Skythen (Almanca). Beck Yayınevi, Münih 2004. ISBN 3-406-50842-1 Scythian mummy shown in Germany 1 Mart 2010 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi., BBC News
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wikipedia.org

de.wikipedia.org

Hambly, Gavin. "History of Central Asia: Early Western Peoples". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 9 Ekim 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 4 Ekim 2019.
Szemerényi, Oswald (1980). Four old Iranian ethnic names: Scythian – Skudra – Sogdian – Saka (PDF). Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. ISBN 0520068645.

en.wikipedia.org

Andrzej Wasko. Sarmatism or the Enlightenment 20 Haziran 2009 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. 2009-06-20 at the Wayback Machine 3 Mart 2019 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.: The Dilemma of Polish Culture. Sarmatian Review 11 Haziran 2019 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. XVII.2.
"Arşivlenmiş kopya". 10 Ağustos 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 17 Ekim 2020.

wikisource.org

en.wikisource.org

Herodotus 1910, 4.5-4.7
Herodotus 1910, 4.20
Clement 1885, Book 3. Chapter III "Of the nations, the Celts and Scythians wear their hair long, but do not deck themselves. The bushy hair of the barbarian has something fearful in it; and its auburn (ξανθόν) colour threatens war..."
Marcellinus 1862, Book XXI, II, 21 "Nearly all the Alani are men of great stature and beauty; their hair is somewhat yellow, their eyes are terribly fierce"

el.wikisource.org

Hippocrates 1886, 20 6 Eylül 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. "The Scythians are a ruddy race because of the cold, not through any fierceness in the sun's heat. It is the cold that burns their white skin and turns it ruddy."

worldcat.org

Unterländer, Martina; Palstra, Friso; Lazaridis, Iosif; Pilipenko, Aleksandr; Hofmanová, Zuzana; Groß, Melanie; Sell, Christian; Blöcher, Jens; Kirsanow, Karola; Rohland, Nadin; Rieger, Benjamin (3 Mart 2017). "Ancestry and demography and descendants of Iron Age nomads of the Eurasian Steppe". Nature Communications (İngilizce). 8 (1): 14615. doi:10.1038/ncomms14615. ISSN 2041-1723. 21 Mayıs 2017 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 6 Mart 2023. "On the other hand, evidence supporting an east Eurasian origin includes the kurgan Arzhan 1 in Tuva, which is considered the earliest Scythian kurgan. Dating of additional burial sites situated in east and west Eurasia confirmed eastern kurgans as older than their western counterparts."
Mary, Laura; Zvénigorosky, Vincent; Kovalev, Alexey; Gonzalez, Angéla; Fausser, Jean-Luc; Jagorel, Florence; Kilunovskaya, Marina; Semenov, Vladimir; Crubézy, Eric; Ludes, Bertrand; Keyser, Christine (Nisan 2019). "Genetic kinship and admixture in Iron Age Scytho-Siberians". Human Genetics (İngilizce). 138 (4): 411-423. doi:10.1007/s00439-019-02002-y. ISSN 0340-6717. ""European and Asian Scythians have a different Y‑chromosomal gene pool to date, few Y-chromosomal lineages have been reported for Scythian or Scytho-Siberian individuals (fewer than twenty Y-haplogroups published). In the present work, the combined use of STRs and SNPs allowed us to obtain Y-haplogroups for 16 Scytho-Siberian male individuals. More than half of them were carriers of the R1a-M513 haplogroup (n = 9/16) including two individuals belonging to the R1a1a1b2-Z93 haplogroup or one of its subclades.", "Scythians suggest that these 2 groups had a completely different paternal lineage makeup with nearly no gene flow from male carriers between them."
Damgaard, Peter de Barros; Marchi, Nina; Rasmussen, Simon; Peyrot, Michaël; Renaud, Gabriel; Korneliussen, Thorfinn; Moreno-Mayar, J. Víctor; Pedersen, Mikkel Winther; Goldberg, Amy; Usmanova, Emma; Baimukhanov, Nurbol (Mayıs 2018). "137 ancient human genomes from across the Eurasian steppes". Nature (İngilizce). 557 (7705): 369-374. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0094-2. ISSN 0028-0836. 31 Mayıs 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 6 Mart 2023. "Lastly, the high genetic differentiation between western and eastern Scythians is emphasized by observing higher fixation index (FST) values between"
Juras, Anna; Krzewińska, Maja; Nikitin, Alexey G.; Ehler, Edvard; Chyleński, Maciej; Łukasik, Sylwia; Krenz-Niedbała, Marta; Sinika, Vitaly; Piontek, Janusz; Ivanova, Svetlana; Dabert, Miroslawa (7 Mart 2017). "Diverse origin of mitochondrial lineages in Iron Age Black Sea Scythians". Scientific Reports (İngilizce). 7 (1): 43950. doi:10.1038/srep43950. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 5339713 $2. PMID 28266657. 21 Şubat 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 6 Mart 2023. KB1 bakım: PMC biçimi (link) "Mitochondrial lineages in the studied populations consist of an overlapping mix of haplogroups of east and west Eurasian descent, which does not clarify their ultimate origins."
Ricaut, Francois-X; Keyser-Tracqui, C; Bourgeois, J; Crubezy, E; Ludes, B (2004). "Genetic Analysis of a Scytho-Siberian Skeleton and Its Implications for Ancient Central Asian Migrations". Human Biology (İngilizce). 76 (1): 109-125. doi:10.1353/hub.2004.0025. ISSN 1534-6617. 17 Ekim 2022 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 6 Mart 2023. "Besides, none of the five Scytho-Siberian mtDNA sequences previously published belong to haplogroup N1a, with which the Kizil skeleton is affiliated. This indicates that 2500 years ago the Scytho-Siberian population in Altai was of mixed Eurasian origin. The fact that the Kizil skeleton belongs to haplogroup N1a attests to the presence in Altai 2500 years ago of an individual linked by maternal lineage to a European population."
Chiasson, Charles (2001). "Scythian Androgyny and Environmental Determinism in Herodotus and the Hippocratic πϵρὶ ἀϵ́ρων ὑδάτων τóπων". Syllecta Classica (İngilizce). 12 (1). ss. 33-73. doi:10.1353/syl.2001.0007. ISSN 2160-5157.