Традиційна китайська медицина (Ukrainian Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Традиційна китайська медицина" in Ukrainian language version.

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  • Hong Hai Kuhn and the Two Cultures of Western and Chinese Medicine [Архівовано 4 вересня 2014 у Wayback Machine.] // Journal of Cambridge Studies, Vol 4. No.3 September 2009, p.20
    «Chinese medicine henceforth became known as „Traditional Chinese Medicine“ (TCM) to refer to the state-sanctioned practice of Chinese medicine. It was „traditional“ only in the sense of having originated from the classics of Chinese medicine and being a different system from modern Western medicine. But in fact it was a new system that reflected the social and political milieu of modern China.
    The first national textbook appeared in 1958, titled Outline of Chinese Medicine (Zhongyixue gailun 中医学概论). It was superseded by other specialized texts covering foundational theory, diagnostics, acupuncture and moxibustion, material medica, prescriptions, internal medicine, pediatrics, gynecology, skin diseases so forth. The structural similarity of these textbooks to their Western medical counterparts was obvious and deliberate. The textbooks constituted a massive systematization of medical theory and practice, the first to appear in Chinese history».

acsh.org

acupuncturetoday.com

anu.edu.au

coombs.anu.edu.au

  • Cap — Anu (PDF). Архів (PDF) оригіналу за 10 червня 2007. Процитовано 10 червня 2007.

archive.org

bmj.com

britannica.com

  • History of Medicine: China / Encyclopædia Britannica // «There were famous herbals from ancient times, but all these, to the number of about 1,000, were embodied by Li Shijen in the compilation of Bencao gangmu (the „Great Pharmacopoeia“) in the 16th century CE.»

cancer.gov

cancer.org

csicop.org

  • Beyerstein B.L., Sampson W. Traditional Medicine and Pseudoscience in China: A Report of the Second CSICOP Delegation (Part 1) [Архівовано 2009-10-04 у Wayback Machine.] // Skeptical Inquirer 20(4):18-26, 1996.
    »…Although the delegation found this «force» dismally inaccurate when the Qigong masters invoked it to diagnose illnesses, it is the same «energy» that TCM advocates say runs through acupuncture meridians to effect healing. It has always struck us as odd that proponents can accept that this mysterious energy is unable to interact with the physical matter in the sensors of measuring instruments (which could confirm its existence) while it is still able to interact with the physical matter of bodily organs to «read» their state of health and produce a cure".
    «8. For instance, no reputable scientist has ever found an anatomical basis in the circulatory, nervous, or lymphatic systems for the „meridians“ through which the health-enhancing vital energies posited by TCM are supposed to flow».

dcscience.net

doi.org

doi.org

dx.doi.org

  • Rômulo RNA, Ierecê MLR. Biodiversity, traditional medicine and public health: where do they meet? // Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. — 2007. — № 3. — DOI:doi: 10.1186 / 1746-4269-3-14.
  • Still J. Use of animal products in traditional Chinese medicine: environmental impact and health hazards // Complementary Therapies in Medicine. — 2003. — № 2. — С. 118-122. — DOI:10.1016 / S0965-2299 (03) 00055-4.
  • Zhaori, Ge-tu. Face challenges with confidence when we review the great achievements at the 60th birthday of the people′s republic : [англ.] // Chinese Medical Journal. — 2009. — Vol. 122, no. 19. — P. 2205–2208. — ISSN 0366-6999. — DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.2009.19.001. — PMID 20079110.

ethnobiomed.com

fda.gov

accessdata.fda.gov

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gramota.net

issn.org

portal.issn.org

  • Zhaori, Ge-tu. Face challenges with confidence when we review the great achievements at the 60th birthday of the people′s republic : [англ.] // Chinese Medical Journal. — 2009. — Vol. 122, no. 19. — P. 2205–2208. — ISSN 0366-6999. — DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.2009.19.001. — PMID 20079110.

kneu.edu.ua

feu.kneu.edu.ua

nbuv.gov.ua

dspace.nbuv.gov.ua

ncahf.org

  • NCAHF Position Paper on Acupuncture (1990) // The National Council Against Health Fraud, Inc.
    "NCAHF believes: 1) Acupuncture is an unproven modality of treatment; 2) Its theory and practice are based on primitive and fanciful concepts of health and disease that bear no relationship to present scientific knowledge … «
    » The life force, Ch'i, has no basis in human physiology. The 'meridians' are imaginary; their locations do not relate to internal organs, and therefore do not relate to human anatomy. Acupuncture points are also imaginary «.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

consensus.nih.gov

  • NIH Consensus Development Program (November 3–5, 1997). Acupuncture -- Consensus Development Conference Statement. National Institutes of Health. Архів оригіналу за 22 серпня 2011. Процитовано 17 липня 2007.
    «Despite considerable efforts to understand the anatomy and physiology of the „acupuncture points“, the definition and characterization of these points remains controversial. Even more elusive is the basis of some of the key traditional Eastern medical concepts such as the circulation of Qi, the meridian system, and the five phases theory, which are difficult to reconcile with contemporary biomedical information but continue to play an important role in the evaluation of patients and the formulation of treatment in acupuncture».
  • Acupuncture – Consensus Development Conference Statement. National Institutes of Health. 5 листопада 1997. Архів оригіналу за 25 серпня 2011. Процитовано 3 лютого 2007.

northwestern.edu

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ras.ru

sciencebasedmedicine.org

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

shen-nong.com

theguardian.com

ukskeptics.com

web.archive.org

  • Taylor K. CHAPTER 3 (part2): Modernizing the Old. The Creation of a 'Traditional' Chinese Medicine, 1953-6 [недоступне посилання — історія] // Chinese Medicine in Early Communist China, 1945-63. A medicine of revolution.— London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2005.
    «TCM is a medical construct distinct to Communist China. The term refers only to Chinese medicine from mid-1956 as located in mainland China. I will therefore adopt the convention of using the acronym TCM to describe only the standardized, government-created, institution-bound medicine that has existed in the PRC since 1956. This is quite distinct from the general, uncapitalized term 'traditional Chinese medicine' which refers to past forms of Chinese medicine in general. I believe that it is heuristically useful to make this distinction of TCM as a modern subset of contemporary Chinese medicine, because it allows us a certain consensus among scholars».
  • Hong Hai Kuhn and the Two Cultures of Western and Chinese Medicine [Архівовано 4 вересня 2014 у Wayback Machine.] // Journal of Cambridge Studies, Vol 4. No.3 September 2009, p.20
    «Chinese medicine henceforth became known as „Traditional Chinese Medicine“ (TCM) to refer to the state-sanctioned practice of Chinese medicine. It was „traditional“ only in the sense of having originated from the classics of Chinese medicine and being a different system from modern Western medicine. But in fact it was a new system that reflected the social and political milieu of modern China.
    The first national textbook appeared in 1958, titled Outline of Chinese Medicine (Zhongyixue gailun 中医学概论). It was superseded by other specialized texts covering foundational theory, diagnostics, acupuncture and moxibustion, material medica, prescriptions, internal medicine, pediatrics, gynecology, skin diseases so forth. The structural similarity of these textbooks to their Western medical counterparts was obvious and deliberate. The textbooks constituted a massive systematization of medical theory and practice, the first to appear in Chinese history».
  • Jackson J. P. What is acupuncture? [Архівовано 2011-08-24 у Wayback Machine.] // UKSkeptics
  • Cap — Anu (PDF). Архів (PDF) оригіналу за 10 червня 2007. Процитовано 10 червня 2007.
  • Архівована копія (PDF). Архів оригіналу (PDF) за 24 січня 2017. Процитовано 5 лютого 2015.{{cite web}}: Обслуговування CS1: Сторінки з текстом «archived copy» як значення параметру title (посилання)
  • Beyerstein B.L., Sampson W. Traditional Medicine and Pseudoscience in China: A Report of the Second CSICOP Delegation (Part 1) [Архівовано 2009-10-04 у Wayback Machine.] // Skeptical Inquirer 20(4):18-26, 1996.
    »…Although the delegation found this «force» dismally inaccurate when the Qigong masters invoked it to diagnose illnesses, it is the same «energy» that TCM advocates say runs through acupuncture meridians to effect healing. It has always struck us as odd that proponents can accept that this mysterious energy is unable to interact with the physical matter in the sensors of measuring instruments (which could confirm its existence) while it is still able to interact with the physical matter of bodily organs to «read» their state of health and produce a cure".
    «8. For instance, no reputable scientist has ever found an anatomical basis in the circulatory, nervous, or lymphatic systems for the „meridians“ through which the health-enhancing vital energies posited by TCM are supposed to flow».
  • Acupuncture – Consensus Development Conference Statement. National Institutes of Health. 5 листопада 1997. Архів оригіналу за 25 серпня 2011. Процитовано 3 лютого 2007.
  • CFR – Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. FDA US Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Архів оригіналу за 27 березня 2019. Процитовано 4 березня 2018.
  • Moxibustion, Acupuncture Today. Acupuncturetoday.com. Архів оригіналу за 11 серпня 2011. Процитовано 17 травня 2011.
  • Moxibustion. American Cancer Society. 8 березня 2011. Архів оригіналу за 9 серпня 2013. Процитовано 15 серпня 2013.
  • Colquhoun D, Novella SP (June 2013). Acupuncture is theatrical placebo (PDF). Anesthesia and Analgesia. 116 (6): 1360—3. doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e31828f2d5e. PMID 23709076. S2CID 207135491. Архів (PDF) оригіналу за 20 листопада 2018. Процитовано 3 червня 2020.
  • U.S. National Institute of Health (11 травня 2006). Complementary and Alternative Medicine: Questions and Answers About Acupuncture. National Cancer Institute. Архів оригіналу за 4 березня 2018. Процитовано 4 березня 2018.
  • Jha A (10 вересня 2012). Acupuncture useful, but overall of little benefit, study shows. The Guardian. Архів оригіналу за 4 січня 2017. Процитовано 18 грудня 2016.

webcitation.org

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worldwildlife.org

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