اصل الانواع (Urdu Wikipedia)
Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "اصل الانواع" in Urdu language version.
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archive.org
- Bowler 2003 Peter J. Bowler (2003)، Evolution: The History of an Idea (3rd ایڈیشن)، University of California Press، ISBN 0-520-23693-9
- Bowler 2003 Peter J. Bowler (2003)، Evolution: The History of an Idea (3rd ایڈیشن)، University of California Press، ISBN 0-520-23693-9
- Bowler 2003 Peter J. Bowler (2003)، Evolution: The History of an Idea (3rd ایڈیشن)، University of California Press، ISBN 0-520-23693-9
- Desmond 1989 Adrian Desmond (1989)، The Politics of Evolution: Morphology, Medicine, and Reform in Radical London، Chicago: University of Chicago Press، ISBN 0-226-14374-0
- Bowler 2003 Peter J. Bowler (2003)، Evolution: The History of an Idea (3rd ایڈیشن)، University of California Press، ISBN 0-520-23693-9
- Bowler 2003 Peter J. Bowler (2003)، Evolution: The History of an Idea (3rd ایڈیشن)، University of California Press، ISBN 0-520-23693-9
- Bowler 2003 Peter J. Bowler (2003)، Evolution: The History of an Idea (3rd ایڈیشن)، University of California Press، ISBN 0-520-23693-9
- Herbert 1980 Sandra Herbert، مدیر (1980)، "The Red Notebook of Charles Darwin"، Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Historical Series، 7: 1–164 Also available here [1]
- Bowler 2003 Peter J. Bowler (2003)، Evolution: The History of an Idea (3rd ایڈیشن)، University of California Press، ISBN 0-520-23693-9
- Bowler 2003 Peter J. Bowler (2003)، Evolution: The History of an Idea (3rd ایڈیشن)، University of California Press، ISBN 0-520-23693-9
- Quammen 2006 David Quammen (2006)، The Reluctant Mr. Darwin، New York: Atlas Books، ISBN 0-393-05981-2
- Quammen 2006 David Quammen (2006)، The Reluctant Mr. Darwin، New York: Atlas Books، ISBN 0-393-05981-2
- Quammen 2006 David Quammen (2006)، The Reluctant Mr. Darwin، New York: Atlas Books، ISBN 0-393-05981-2
- Quammen 2006 David Quammen (2006)، The Reluctant Mr. Darwin، New York: Atlas Books، ISBN 0-393-05981-2
- Bowler 2003 Peter J. Bowler (2003)، Evolution: The History of an Idea (3rd ایڈیشن)، University of California Press، ISBN 0-520-23693-9
- Desmond & Moore 2009. Adrian Desmond، James Moore (2009)، Darwin's sacred cause : race, slavery and the quest for human origins، London: Allen Lane، ISBN 978-1-84614-035-8
- A. Hunter Dupree (1988)۔ Asa Gray, American Botanist, Friend of Darwin۔ Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press۔ صفحہ: 267۔ ISBN 978-0-801-83741-8
- Darwin & Costa 2009 Charles Darwin، James T. Costa (2009)، The Annotated Origin: A Facsimile of the First Edition of On the Origin of Species Annotated by James T. Costa، Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London, England: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press، ISBN 978-0-674-03281-1
- Darwin & Costa 2009 Charles Darwin، James T. Costa (2009)، The Annotated Origin: A Facsimile of the First Edition of On the Origin of Species Annotated by James T. Costa، Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London, England: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press، ISBN 978-0-674-03281-1
- Quammen 2006 David Quammen (2006)، The Reluctant Mr. Darwin، New York: Atlas Books، ISBN 0-393-05981-2
- Darwin & Costa 2009 Charles Darwin، James T. Costa (2009)، The Annotated Origin: A Facsimile of the First Edition of On the Origin of Species Annotated by James T. Costa، Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London, England: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press، ISBN 978-0-674-03281-1
- Quammen 2006 David Quammen (2006)، The Reluctant Mr. Darwin، New York: Atlas Books، ISBN 0-393-05981-2
- Quammen 2006 David Quammen (2006)، The Reluctant Mr. Darwin، New York: Atlas Books، ISBN 0-393-05981-2
- Bowler 2003 Peter J. Bowler (2003)، Evolution: The History of an Idea (3rd ایڈیشن)، University of California Press، ISBN 0-520-23693-9
- Michod, Richard E. (1995)۔ Eros and evolution: a natural philosophy of sex۔ Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co۔ ISBN 0-201-44232-9
- Darwin & Costa 2009
Darwin 1859, Quote: "We are profoundly ignorant of the causes producing slight and unimportant variations; and we are immediately made conscious of this by reflecting on the differences in the breeds of our domesticated animals in different countries" Charles Darwin، James T. Costa (2009)، The Annotated Origin: A Facsimile of the First Edition of On the Origin of Species Annotated by James T. Costa، Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London, England: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press، ISBN 978-0-674-03281-1 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011 - Darwin & Costa 2009
Darwin 1874, Quote: "… I gave, however, a tolerably clear sketch of this principle in the first edition of the 'Origin of Species,' and I there stated that it was applicable to man." Charles Darwin، James T. Costa (2009)، The Annotated Origin: A Facsimile of the First Edition of On the Origin of Species Annotated by James T. Costa، Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London, England: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press، ISBN 978-0-674-03281-1 Charles Darwin (1874)، The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex (2nd ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 08 جنوری 2017 - Bowler 2003 Peter J. Bowler (2003)، Evolution: The History of an Idea (3rd ایڈیشن)، University of California Press، ISBN 0-520-23693-9
- Darwin & Costa 2009 Charles Darwin، James T. Costa (2009)، The Annotated Origin: A Facsimile of the First Edition of On the Origin of Species Annotated by James T. Costa، Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London, England: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press، ISBN 978-0-674-03281-1
- Quammen 2006 David Quammen (2006)، The Reluctant Mr. Darwin، New York: Atlas Books، ISBN 0-393-05981-2
- Bowler 2003 Peter J. Bowler (2003)، Evolution: The History of an Idea (3rd ایڈیشن)، University of California Press، ISBN 0-520-23693-9
- Quammen 2006 David Quammen (2006)، The Reluctant Mr. Darwin، New York: Atlas Books، ISBN 0-393-05981-2
- Darwin & Costa 2009 Charles Darwin، James T. Costa (2009)، The Annotated Origin: A Facsimile of the First Edition of On the Origin of Species Annotated by James T. Costa، Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London, England: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press، ISBN 978-0-674-03281-1
- Quammen 2006 David Quammen (2006)، The Reluctant Mr. Darwin، New York: Atlas Books، ISBN 0-393-05981-2
- Darwin & Costa 2009 Charles Darwin، James T. Costa (2009)، The Annotated Origin: A Facsimile of the First Edition of On the Origin of Species Annotated by James T. Costa، Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London, England: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press، ISBN 978-0-674-03281-1
- Browne 2007, quoting Darwin, C. R. Notebook C (February to July 1838) pp. 196–197 "Man in his arrogance thinks himself a great work worthy the interposition of a deity, more humble & I believe truer to consider him created from animals." Janet Browne (2007)، Darwin's Origin of Species: A Biography، Grove Press، ISBN 978-0-87113-953-5
- Desmond & Moore 1991
Desmond & Moore 2009 Adrian Desmond، James Moore (1991)، Darwin، London: Michael Joseph, Penguin Group، ISBN 0-7181-3430-3 Adrian Desmond، James Moore (2009)، Darwin's sacred cause : race, slavery and the quest for human origins، London: Allen Lane، ISBN 978-1-84614-035-8 - Desmond & Moore 2009, quotes "our acquiring the instinct one notion of beauty & negroes another" from Darwin, C. R. Notebook M : [Metaphysics on morals and speculations on expression (1838)]. CUL-DAR125.- Transcribed by Kees Rookmaaker, edited by Paul Barrett. (Darwin Online, p. 32 Adrian Desmond، James Moore (2009)، Darwin's sacred cause : race, slavery and the quest for human origins، London: Allen Lane، ISBN 978-1-84614-035-8
- Desmond & Moore 2009 Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 213 Chapter Vi On Natural Selection first draft, completed on 31 March 1857, [The outline of this original form of the chapter appears in the original table of contents] "63 [pencil addition] Theory applied to Races of Man." Adrian Desmond، James Moore (2009)، Darwin's sacred cause : race, slavery and the quest for human origins، London: Allen Lane، ISBN 978-1-84614-035-8
- Bowler 2003 Peter J. Bowler (2003)، Evolution: The History of an Idea (3rd ایڈیشن)، University of California Press، ISBN 0-520-23693-9
- Darwin & Costa 2009 Charles Darwin، James T. Costa (2009)، The Annotated Origin: A Facsimile of the First Edition of On the Origin of Species Annotated by James T. Costa، Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London, England: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press، ISBN 978-0-674-03281-1
- Radick 2013
Huxley & Kettlewell 1965 Gregory Radick (2013)۔ "Darwin and Humans"۔ $1 میں Michael Ruse۔ The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Darwin and Evolutionary Thought۔ Cambridge University Press۔ صفحہ: 173–181 Julian Huxley، H.B.D. Kettlewell (1965)۔ Charles Darwin and His World۔ New York: the Viking Press - Bowler 2003 Peter J. Bowler (2003)، Evolution: The History of an Idea (3rd ایڈیشن)، University of California Press، ISBN 0-520-23693-9
- Bowler 2003 Peter J. Bowler (2003)، Evolution: The History of an Idea (3rd ایڈیشن)، University of California Press، ISBN 0-520-23693-9
- Bowler 2003 Peter J. Bowler (2003)، Evolution: The History of an Idea (3rd ایڈیشن)، University of California Press، ISBN 0-520-23693-9
- Bowler 2003 Peter J. Bowler (2003)، Evolution: The History of an Idea (3rd ایڈیشن)، University of California Press، ISBN 0-520-23693-9
- Bowler 2003 Peter J. Bowler (2003)، Evolution: The History of an Idea (3rd ایڈیشن)، University of California Press، ISBN 0-520-23693-9
- Bowler 2003 Peter J. Bowler (2003)، Evolution: The History of an Idea (3rd ایڈیشن)، University of California Press، ISBN 0-520-23693-9
- Bowler 2003 Peter J. Bowler (2003)، Evolution: The History of an Idea (3rd ایڈیشن)، University of California Press، ISBN 0-520-23693-9
- Bowler 2003 Peter J. Bowler (2003)، Evolution: The History of an Idea (3rd ایڈیشن)، University of California Press، ISBN 0-520-23693-9
- Bowler 2003 Peter J. Bowler (2003)، Evolution: The History of an Idea (3rd ایڈیشن)، University of California Press، ISBN 0-520-23693-9
- Bowler 2003 Peter J. Bowler (2003)، Evolution: The History of an Idea (3rd ایڈیشن)، University of California Press، ISBN 0-520-23693-9
- Bowler 2003 Peter J. Bowler (2003)، Evolution: The History of an Idea (3rd ایڈیشن)، University of California Press، ISBN 0-520-23693-9
- Bowler 2003 Peter J. Bowler (2003)، Evolution: The History of an Idea (3rd ایڈیشن)، University of California Press، ISBN 0-520-23693-9
- Bowler 2003 Peter J. Bowler (2003)، Evolution: The History of an Idea (3rd ایڈیشن)، University of California Press، ISBN 0-520-23693-9
- Quammen 2006 David Quammen (2006)، The Reluctant Mr. Darwin، New York: Atlas Books، ISBN 0-393-05981-2
- Bowler 2003 Peter J. Bowler (2003)، Evolution: The History of an Idea (3rd ایڈیشن)، University of California Press، ISBN 0-520-23693-9
- Bowler 2003 Peter J. Bowler (2003)، Evolution: The History of an Idea (3rd ایڈیشن)، University of California Press، ISBN 0-520-23693-9
- Bowler 2003 Peter J. Bowler (2003)، Evolution: The History of an Idea (3rd ایڈیشن)، University of California Press، ISBN 0-520-23693-9
- Quammen 2006 David Quammen (2006)، The Reluctant Mr. Darwin، New York: Atlas Books، ISBN 0-393-05981-2
- Bowler 2003 Peter J. Bowler (2003)، Evolution: The History of an Idea (3rd ایڈیشن)، University of California Press، ISBN 0-520-23693-9
- Kreeft 2001 Peter Kreeft (2001)، Catholic Christianity، San Francisco: Ignatius Press، ISBN 0-89870-798-6
- Darwin & Costa 2009 Charles Darwin، James T. Costa (2009)، The Annotated Origin: A Facsimile of the First Edition of On the Origin of Species Annotated by James T. Costa، Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London, England: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press، ISBN 978-0-674-03281-1
- Quammen 2006 David Quammen (2006)، The Reluctant Mr. Darwin، New York: Atlas Books، ISBN 0-393-05981-2
asa3.org
- Miles 2001 Sara Joan Miles (2001)، "Charles Darwin and Asa Gray Discuss Teleology and Design"، Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith، 53، صفحہ: 196–201، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 22 نومبر 2008
books.google.com
- Robert Bernasconi، Tommy Lee Lott (2000)۔ The Idea of Race۔ Hackett Publishing۔ صفحہ: 54۔ ISBN 0-87220-458-8۔
The full title [of the book] employs the term 'race' only in the broad biological use of the word, which refers to varieties throughout organic life; however, speculation about the implications of his views specifically for the question of the human races began almost as soon as the book was published.
- Sober 2011, Quote: "There nonetheless are a few cases in which Darwin does discuss selection processes in which groups are the units, and these will be the focus of the present chapter. But even here it does not matter whether the groups are from different 'races' or from the same race. It is nests of honeybees that compete with each other, and human tribes that compete with other human tribes. For Darwin, the question of group selection had nothing special to do with 'race.' Still, writing in the heyday of empire, Darwin saw European nations outcompeting the nations, kingdoms, and tribes that occupy the rest of the globe. In this one very salient example, Darwin did see races struggling with each other. In any event, the word race in Darwin’s subtitle needs to be understood very broadly; it encompasses competition among individuals, competition among groups in the same 'race,' and competition from groups from different 'races.' This is a much broader meaning than the word 'race' tends to have today." Elliott Sober (2011)، Did Darwin Write the Origin Backwards?: Philosophical Essays on Darwin's Theory، Amherst: Prometheus Books، ISBN 978-1-61614-278-0
- "This survival of the fittest, which I have here sought to express in mechanical terms, is that which Mr. Darwin has called 'natural selection', or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life." Spencer 1864 Herbert Spencer (1864)، The Principles of Biology, Vol. 1، London: Williams and Norgate
- Joseph Carroll (2003)۔ On the Origin of Species / Charles Darwin۔ Broadview Press۔ صفحہ: 51–52۔ ISBN 1-55111-337-6۔
Following Darwin's lead, most commentators cite this one passage as the only reference to man in the Origin, but they thus overlook, as did Darwin himself, two sentences that are, in their own quiet way, even more effective.
cam.ac.uk
cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk
- "Darwin Manuscripts (Digitised notes on Origin)"۔ Cambridge Digital Library۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 24 نومبر 2014
clarku.edu
aleph0.clarku.edu
darwin-online.org.uk
- Darwin 1859, p. iii Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Freeman 1977 Richard B. Freeman (1977)، "On the Origin of Species"، The Works of Charles Darwin: An Annotated Bibliographical Handlist (2nd ایڈیشن)، Folkestone, England: Dawson، ISBN 0-7129-0740-8
- The book's full original title was On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. In the 1872 sixth edition "On" was omitted, so the full title is The origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. This edition is usually known as The Origin of Species. The 6th is Darwin's final edition; there were minor modifications in the text of certain subsequent issues. See Freeman, R. B. "The works of Charles Darwin: an annotated bibliographical handlist." In Van Wyhe, John, ed. Darwin Online: On the Origin of Species, 2002.
- Darwin 1872 Charles Darwin (1872)، The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (6th ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 09 جنوری 2009
- Darwin 1845 Charles Darwin (1845)، Journal of Researches into the Natural History and Geology of the Countries Visited During the Voyage of HMS Beagle Round the World, Under the Command of Captain Fitz Roy, R.N. (2nd ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 22 اپریل 2009
- Herbert 1980 Sandra Herbert، مدیر (1980)، "The Red Notebook of Charles Darwin"، Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Historical Series، 7: 1–164 Also available here [1]
- van Wyhe 2009 John van Wyhe (2009)، Charles Darwin: Gentleman Naturalist: A Biographical Sketch، The Complete Works of Charles Darwin Online، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 06 جون 2009
- van Wyhe 2007 John van Wyhe (2007)، "Mind the gap: Did Darwin Avoid Publishing his Theory for Many Years?"، Notes and Records of the Royal Society، 61 (2): 177–205، doi:10.1098/rsnr.2006.0171، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 05 جنوری 2009
- Darwin 1958 Charles Darwin (1958)، مدیر: Nora Barlow، The Autobiography of Charles Darwin 1809–1882. With the Original Omissions Restored. Edited and with Appendix and Notes by his Granddaughter Nora Barlow، London: Collins، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 09 جنوری 2009
- van Wyhe 2007 John van Wyhe (2007)، "Mind the gap: Did Darwin Avoid Publishing his Theory for Many Years?"، Notes and Records of the Royal Society، 61 (2): 177–205، doi:10.1098/rsnr.2006.0171، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 05 جنوری 2009
- Darwin 1958 Charles Darwin (1958)، مدیر: Nora Barlow، The Autobiography of Charles Darwin 1809–1882. With the Original Omissions Restored. Edited and with Appendix and Notes by his Granddaughter Nora Barlow، London: Collins، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 09 جنوری 2009
- Darwin 1958 Charles Darwin (1958)، مدیر: Nora Barlow، The Autobiography of Charles Darwin 1809–1882. With the Original Omissions Restored. Edited and with Appendix and Notes by his Granddaughter Nora Barlow، London: Collins، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 09 جنوری 2009
- van Wyhe 2007 John van Wyhe (2007)، "Mind the gap: Did Darwin Avoid Publishing his Theory for Many Years?"، Notes and Records of the Royal Society، 61 (2): 177–205، doi:10.1098/rsnr.2006.0171، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 05 جنوری 2009
- Darwin 1859. Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 2006 Charles Darwin (2006)، "Journal"، $1 میں John van Wyhe، Darwin's personal 'Journal' (1809–1881)، Darwin Online، CUL-DAR158.1–76، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 07 ستمبر 2010
- "Letter 2437 — Darwin, C. R. to Lyell, Charles, 28 March (1859)"۔ Darwin Correspondence Project۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 16 جنوری 2017۔
Would you advise me to tell Murray that my Book is not more un-orthodox, than the subject makes inevitable. That I do not discuss origin of man.— That I do not bring in any discussions about Genesis &c, & only give facts, & such conclusions from them, as seem to me fair.
Darwin, C. R. proposed title page for Origin of species draft. (1859) APS-B-D25.L[.38] Transcribed by Kees Rookmaaker, edited by John van Wyhe - Darwin, C. R. [early draft title of Origin] On the mutability of species [& other notes] CUL-DAR205.1.70 Transcribed by Kees Rookmaaker, edited by John van Wyhe
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- the three instances of the phrase "races of man" are found on Darwin 1859. Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1958 Charles Darwin (1958)، مدیر: Nora Barlow، The Autobiography of Charles Darwin 1809–1882. With the Original Omissions Restored. Edited and with Appendix and Notes by his Granddaughter Nora Barlow، London: Collins، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 09 جنوری 2009
- Darwin 1861 Charles Darwin (1861)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (3rd ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 09 جنوری 2009
- "Freeman Bibliographic Database"
- Freeman 1977 Richard B. Freeman (1977)، "On the Origin of Species"، The Works of Charles Darwin: An Annotated Bibliographical Handlist (2nd ایڈیشن)، Folkestone, England: Dawson، ISBN 0-7129-0740-8
- Freeman 1977 Richard B. Freeman (1977)، "On the Origin of Species"، The Works of Charles Darwin: An Annotated Bibliographical Handlist (2nd ایڈیشن)، Folkestone, England: Dawson، ISBN 0-7129-0740-8
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- van Wyhe 2007 John van Wyhe (2007)، "Mind the gap: Did Darwin Avoid Publishing his Theory for Many Years?"، Notes and Records of the Royal Society، 61 (2): 177–205، doi:10.1098/rsnr.2006.0171، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 05 جنوری 2009
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1861 Charles Darwin (1861)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (3rd ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 09 جنوری 2009
- Darwin 1866 Charles Darwin (1866)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (4th ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 22 فروری 2009
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1869 Charles Darwin (1869)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (5th ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 22 فروری 2009
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin & Costa 2009
Darwin 1859, Quote: "We are profoundly ignorant of the causes producing slight and unimportant variations; and we are immediately made conscious of this by reflecting on the differences in the breeds of our domesticated animals in different countries" Charles Darwin، James T. Costa (2009)، The Annotated Origin: A Facsimile of the First Edition of On the Origin of Species Annotated by James T. Costa، Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London, England: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press، ISBN 978-0-674-03281-1 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011 - Darwin & Costa 2009
Darwin 1874, Quote: "… I gave, however, a tolerably clear sketch of this principle in the first edition of the 'Origin of Species,' and I there stated that it was applicable to man." Charles Darwin، James T. Costa (2009)، The Annotated Origin: A Facsimile of the First Edition of On the Origin of Species Annotated by James T. Costa، Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London, England: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press، ISBN 978-0-674-03281-1 Charles Darwin (1874)، The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex (2nd ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 08 جنوری 2017 - Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1872 Charles Darwin (1872)، The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (6th ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 09 جنوری 2009
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Quote: "When the views entertained in this volume on the origin of species, or when analogous views are generally admitted, we can dimly foresee that there will be a considerable revolution in natural history. ..." Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859
Darwin 1871, Quote: "… this implies that man must be included with other organic beings in any general conclusion respecting his manner of appearance on this earth." Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011 Charles Darwin (1871)، The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex (1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 29 اپریل 2009 - Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1860 Charles Darwin (1860)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (2nd ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 09 جنوری 2009
- Darwin 1871 Charles Darwin (1871)، The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex (1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 29 اپریل 2009
- Crawford 1859 J. Crawford (1859)، "(Review of) On the Origin of Species"، Examiner: 722–723. Published anonymously.
- Browne 2007, quoting Darwin, C. R. Notebook C (February to July 1838) pp. 196–197 "Man in his arrogance thinks himself a great work worthy the interposition of a deity, more humble & I believe truer to consider him created from animals." Janet Browne (2007)، Darwin's Origin of Species: A Biography، Grove Press، ISBN 978-0-87113-953-5
- Darwin 1871 Charles Darwin (1871)، The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex (1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 29 اپریل 2009
- Darwin 1859, Quote: "There is no exception to the rule that every organic being naturally increases at so high a rate, that if not destroyed, the earth would soon be covered by the progeny of a single pair. Even slow-breeding man has doubled in twenty-five years, and at this rate, in a few thousand years, there would literally not be standing room for his progeny." Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- van Wyhe 2008
Darwin 1859, Quote: "What can be more curious than that the hand of a man, formed for grasping, that of a mole for digging, the leg of the horse, the paddle of the porpoise, and the wing of the bat, should all be constructed on the same pattern, and should include the same bones, in the same relative positions?"
Darwin 1859, Quote: "The framework of bones being the same in the hand of a man, wing of a bat, fin of the porpoise, and leg of the horse … at once explain themselves on the theory of descent with slow and slight successive modifications." John van Wyhe (2008)، Darwin: The Story of the Man and His Theories of Evolution، London: Andre Deutsch، ISBN 978-0-233-00251-4 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011 - Darwin, C. R. Notebook C, CUL-DAR122.- Transcribed by Kees Rookmaaker. (Darwin Online), notes from de Beer, Gavin ed. 1960. Darwin's notebooks on transmutation of species. Part II. Second notebook [C] (February to July 1838). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Historical Series 2, No. 3 (May): pp. 79
- Desmond & Moore 2009, quotes "our acquiring the instinct one notion of beauty & negroes another" from Darwin, C. R. Notebook M : [Metaphysics on morals and speculations on expression (1838)]. CUL-DAR125.- Transcribed by Kees Rookmaaker, edited by Paul Barrett. (Darwin Online, p. 32 Adrian Desmond، James Moore (2009)، Darwin's sacred cause : race, slavery and the quest for human origins، London: Allen Lane، ISBN 978-1-84614-035-8
- Desmond & Moore 2009 Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 213 Chapter Vi On Natural Selection first draft, completed on 31 March 1857, [The outline of this original form of the chapter appears in the original table of contents] "63 [pencil addition] Theory applied to Races of Man." Adrian Desmond، James Moore (2009)، Darwin's sacred cause : race, slavery and the quest for human origins، London: Allen Lane، ISBN 978-1-84614-035-8
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1871, Quote: "During many years I collected notes on the origin or descent of man, without any intention of publishing on the subject, but rather with the determination not to publish, as I thought that I should thus only add to the prejudices against my views." Charles Darwin (1871)، The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex (1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 29 اپریل 2009
- See also Darwin 1958, Quote: "My Descent of Man was published in Feb. 1871. As soon as I had become, in the year 1837 or 1838, convinced that species were mutable productions, I could not avoid the belief that man must come under the same law. Accordingly I collected notes on the subject for my own satisfaction, and not for a long time with any intention of publishing. Although in the Origin of Species, the derivation of any particular species is never discussed, yet I thought it best, in order that no honourable man should accuse me of concealing my views, to add that by the work in question 'light would be thrown on the origin of man and his history.' It would have been useless and injurious to the success of the book to have paraded without giving any evidence my conviction with respect to his origin." Charles Darwin (1958)، مدیر: Nora Barlow، The Autobiography of Charles Darwin 1809–1882. With the Original Omissions Restored. Edited and with Appendix and Notes by his Granddaughter Nora Barlow، London: Collins، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 09 جنوری 2009
- Darwin 1871, Quote: "During many years it has seemed to me highly probable that sexual selection has played an important part in differentiating the races of man; but in my 'Origin of Species' (first edition, p. 199) I contented myself by merely alluding to this belief." Charles Darwin (1871)، The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex (1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 29 اپریل 2009
- "review of] On the origin of species, by means of natural selection; or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. By Charles Darwin, M. A., F.R.S. London, 1860. Quarterly Review 108: 225–264."۔ darwin-online.org.uk۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 24 مارچ 2019
- Leifchild 1859 Leifchild (1859)، "Review of 'Origin'"، Athenaeum (No. 1673, 19 November 1859)، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 22 نومبر 2008
- Huxley 1860 Thomas Henry Huxley (1860)، "Darwin on the Origin of Species"، Westminster Review، 17 (April 1860): 541–570. Published anonymously.
- Barlow 1963 Nora Barlow، مدیر (1963)، "Darwin's Ornithological Notes"، Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Historical Series، 2 (7)، صفحہ: 201–278، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 10 جون 2009
darwinproject.ac.uk
- "Darwin in letters, 1856–1857: the 'Big Book'"۔ Darwin Correspondence Project۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 21 مارچ 2016
"Letter 1870 – Darwin, C. R., to Hooker, J.D., 9 May (1856)"۔ Darwin Correspondence Project۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 21 مارچ 2016 - "Darwin in letters, 1858–1859: Origin"۔ Darwin Correspondence Project۔ 2 June 2015۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 17 جنوری 2017
- "Letter 2303 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., 5 July (1858)"۔ Darwin Correspondence Project۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 07 ستمبر 2010
- "Letter 2432 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., 15 March (1859)"۔ Darwin Correspondence Project۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 07 ستمبر 2010۔
It [geographical distribution] was nearly all written from memory
- "Letter 2339 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., 12 (October 1858)"۔ Darwin Correspondence Project۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 17 جنوری 2017۔
See letter to T. C. Eyton, 4 October (1858), in which CD first mentioned the possibility that his 'abstract' would form a small volume.
- "Letter 2437 — Darwin, C. R. to Lyell, Charles, 28 March (1859)"۔ Darwin Correspondence Project۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 16 جنوری 2017۔
Would you advise me to tell Murray that my Book is not more un-orthodox, than the subject makes inevitable. That I do not discuss origin of man.— That I do not bring in any discussions about Genesis &c, & only give facts, & such conclusions from them, as seem to me fair.
Darwin, C. R. proposed title page for Origin of species draft. (1859) APS-B-D25.L[.38] Transcribed by Kees Rookmaaker, edited by John van Wyhe - "Letter 2439 — Darwin, C. R. to Lyell, Charles, 30 March (1859)"۔ Darwin Correspondence Project۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 16 جنوری 2017
- "Letter 2441 — Darwin, C. R. to Murray, John (b), 31 March (1859)"۔ Darwin Correspondence Project۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 16 جنوری 2017
- "Letter 2443 — Murray, John (b) to Darwin, C. R., 1 April 1859"۔ Darwin Correspondence Project۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 16 جنوری 2017
- "Letter 2445 — Darwin, C. R. to Murray, John (b), 2 April (1859)"۔ Darwin Correspondence Project۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 16 جنوری 2017
- "Charles Darwin and his publisher"۔ Darwin Correspondence Project۔ 2010۔ 07 اکتوبر 2010 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 07 ستمبر 2010
- "Letter 2447 — Darwin, C. R. to Murray, John (b), 5 April (1859)"۔ Darwin Correspondence Project۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 16 جنوری 2017
- "Letter 2457A — Elwin, Whitwell, to Murray, John (b), 3 May 1859"۔ Darwin Correspondence Project۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 16 جنوری 2017
- "Letter 2459 — Darwin, C. R. to Murray, John (b), 6 May (1859)"۔ Darwin Correspondence Project۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 16 جنوری 2017
- "Letter 2448 — Darwin, C. R. to Murray, John (b), 10 September (1859)"۔ Darwin Correspondence Project۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 16 جنوری 2017
- "Letter 2192 – Darwin, C. R. to Wallace, A. R., 22 December 1857"۔ Darwin Correspondence Project
- "Letter 2647 – Darwin, C. R. to Charles Lyell, 10 January (1860)"۔ Darwin Correspondence Project۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 18 ستمبر 2017
- Darwin in letters, 1860: Answering critics
doi.org
- van Wyhe 2007 John van Wyhe (2007)، "Mind the gap: Did Darwin Avoid Publishing his Theory for Many Years?"، Notes and Records of the Royal Society، 61 (2): 177–205، doi:10.1098/rsnr.2006.0171، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 05 جنوری 2009
- van Wyhe 2007 John van Wyhe (2007)، "Mind the gap: Did Darwin Avoid Publishing his Theory for Many Years?"، Notes and Records of the Royal Society، 61 (2): 177–205، doi:10.1098/rsnr.2006.0171، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 05 جنوری 2009
- van Wyhe 2007 John van Wyhe (2007)، "Mind the gap: Did Darwin Avoid Publishing his Theory for Many Years?"، Notes and Records of the Royal Society، 61 (2): 177–205، doi:10.1098/rsnr.2006.0171، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 05 جنوری 2009
- van Wyhe 2007 John van Wyhe (2007)، "Mind the gap: Did Darwin Avoid Publishing his Theory for Many Years?"، Notes and Records of the Royal Society، 61 (2): 177–205، doi:10.1098/rsnr.2006.0171، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 05 جنوری 2009
- Schopf 2000 J. William Schopf (2000)، "Solution to Darwin's dilemma: Discovery of the missing Precambrian record of life"، Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA، 97 (13): 6947–6953، Bibcode:2000PNAS...97.6947S، PMC 34368
، PMID 10860955، doi:10.1073/pnas.97.13.6947 - Rhodes 1987 Frank H. T. Rhodes (June 1987)، "Darwinian Gradualism and Its Limits: The development of Darwin's Views on the Rate and Pattern of Evolutionary Change"، Journal of the History of Biology، Humanities, Social Sciences and Law، Springer Netherlands (شائع 6 November 2004)، 20 (2)، صفحہ: 139–157، doi:10.1007/BF00138435
- Lucas 1979 John R. Lucas (1979)، "Wilberforce and Huxley: A Legendary Encounter"، The Historical Journal، 22 (2)، صفحہ: 313–330، PMID 11617072، doi:10.1017/S0018246X00016848، 10 اپریل 2011 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 22 نومبر 2008
gutenberg.org
- Hodge 1874 Charles Hodge (1874)، What is Darwinism?، Scribner Armstrong، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 14 جنوری 2007
harvard.edu
adsabs.harvard.edu
- Schopf 2000 J. William Schopf (2000)، "Solution to Darwin's dilemma: Discovery of the missing Precambrian record of life"، Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA، 97 (13): 6947–6953، Bibcode:2000PNAS...97.6947S، PMC 34368، PMID 10860955، doi:10.1073/pnas.97.13.6947
livescience.com
- "Darwin's 'Origin of Species' Voted Most Influential Academic Book"۔ Tia Ghose۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 02 فروری 2017
ncse.com
- "Defining Evolution"۔ National Center for Science Education۔ 24 August 2000۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 27 جون 2016
nih.gov
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Schopf 2000 J. William Schopf (2000)، "Solution to Darwin's dilemma: Discovery of the missing Precambrian record of life"، Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA، 97 (13): 6947–6953، Bibcode:2000PNAS...97.6947S، PMC 34368، PMID 10860955، doi:10.1073/pnas.97.13.6947
- Lucas 1979 John R. Lucas (1979)، "Wilberforce and Huxley: A Legendary Encounter"، The Historical Journal، 22 (2)، صفحہ: 313–330، PMID 11617072، doi:10.1017/S0018246X00016848، 10 اپریل 2011 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 22 نومبر 2008
ning.com
api.ning.com
- Ch. Darwin, Het ontstaan der soorten van dieren en planten door middel van de natuurkeus of het bewaard blijven van bevoorregte rassen in de strijd des levens, transl. by T.C. Winkler (Haarlem 1860) Source: Teyler, Winkler, Darwin آرکائیو شدہ (Date missing) بذریعہ api.ning.com (Error: unknown archive URL) Lecture by Marijn van Hoorn آرکائیو شدہ (Date missing) بذریعہ teylersmuseum.ning.com (Error: unknown archive URL) MA at the Congress of the European Botanical and Horticultural Libraries Group, Prague, 23 April 2009
teylersmuseum.ning.com
- Ch. Darwin, Het ontstaan der soorten van dieren en planten door middel van de natuurkeus of het bewaard blijven van bevoorregte rassen in de strijd des levens, transl. by T.C. Winkler (Haarlem 1860) Source: Teyler, Winkler, Darwin آرکائیو شدہ (Date missing) بذریعہ api.ning.com (Error: unknown archive URL) Lecture by Marijn van Hoorn آرکائیو شدہ (Date missing) بذریعہ teylersmuseum.ning.com (Error: unknown archive URL) MA at the Congress of the European Botanical and Horticultural Libraries Group, Prague, 23 April 2009
nytimes.com
graphics8.nytimes.com
- Darwin 1859, p. iii Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859. Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- the three instances of the phrase "races of man" are found on Darwin 1859. Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin & Costa 2009
Darwin 1859, Quote: "We are profoundly ignorant of the causes producing slight and unimportant variations; and we are immediately made conscious of this by reflecting on the differences in the breeds of our domesticated animals in different countries" Charles Darwin، James T. Costa (2009)، The Annotated Origin: A Facsimile of the First Edition of On the Origin of Species Annotated by James T. Costa، Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London, England: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press، ISBN 978-0-674-03281-1 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011 - Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859 Quote: "When the views entertained in this volume on the origin of species, or when analogous views are generally admitted, we can dimly foresee that there will be a considerable revolution in natural history. ..." Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859
Darwin 1871, Quote: "… this implies that man must be included with other organic beings in any general conclusion respecting his manner of appearance on this earth." Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011 Charles Darwin (1871)، The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex (1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 29 اپریل 2009 - Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- Darwin 1859, Quote: "There is no exception to the rule that every organic being naturally increases at so high a rate, that if not destroyed, the earth would soon be covered by the progeny of a single pair. Even slow-breeding man has doubled in twenty-five years, and at this rate, in a few thousand years, there would literally not be standing room for his progeny." Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
- van Wyhe 2008
Darwin 1859, Quote: "What can be more curious than that the hand of a man, formed for grasping, that of a mole for digging, the leg of the horse, the paddle of the porpoise, and the wing of the bat, should all be constructed on the same pattern, and should include the same bones, in the same relative positions?"
Darwin 1859, Quote: "The framework of bones being the same in the hand of a man, wing of a bat, fin of the porpoise, and leg of the horse … at once explain themselves on the theory of descent with slow and slight successive modifications." John van Wyhe (2008)، Darwin: The Story of the Man and His Theories of Evolution، London: Andre Deutsch، ISBN 978-0-233-00251-4 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011 - Darwin 1859 Charles Darwin (1859)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (Full image view 1st ایڈیشن)، London: John Murray، صفحہ: 502، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2011
ox.ac.uk
users.ox.ac.uk
- Lucas 1979 John R. Lucas (1979)، "Wilberforce and Huxley: A Legendary Encounter"، The Historical Journal، 22 (2)، صفحہ: 313–330، PMID 11617072، doi:10.1017/S0018246X00016848، 10 اپریل 2011 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 22 نومبر 2008
publicradio.org
speakingoffaith.publicradio.org
- Moore 2006 James Moore (2006)، Evolution and Wonder – Understanding Charles Darwin، Speaking of Faith (Radio Program)، American Public Media، 22 دسمبر 2008 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 22 نومبر 2008
- Moore 2006 James Moore (2006)، Evolution and Wonder – Understanding Charles Darwin، Speaking of Faith (Radio Program)، American Public Media، 22 دسمبر 2008 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 22 نومبر 2008
religion-online.org
- Phipps 1983 William E. Phipps (1983)، "Darwin, the Scientific Creationist"، Christian Century (14–21 September 1983): 809–811، 08 جنوری 2007 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 11 جنوری 2007
theguardian.com
- Richard Dawkins (8 February 2003)۔ "An early flowering of genetics, Books"۔ The Guardian۔ UK۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 24 اکتوبر 2010
- "On the Origin of Species voted most influential academic book in history"۔ Alison Flood۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 02 فروری 2017
vqronline.org
- Eldredge 2006 Niles Eldredge (2006)، "Confessions of a Darwinist"، The Virginia Quarterly Review (Spring 2006)، صفحہ: 32–53، 24 دسمبر 2013 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 04 نومبر 2008
web.archive.org
- Eldredge 2006 Niles Eldredge (2006)، "Confessions of a Darwinist"، The Virginia Quarterly Review (Spring 2006)، صفحہ: 32–53، 24 دسمبر 2013 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 04 نومبر 2008
- "Charles Darwin and his publisher"۔ Darwin Correspondence Project۔ 2010۔ 07 اکتوبر 2010 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 07 ستمبر 2010
- Phipps 1983 William E. Phipps (1983)، "Darwin, the Scientific Creationist"، Christian Century (14–21 September 1983): 809–811، 08 جنوری 2007 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 11 جنوری 2007
- Lucas 1979 John R. Lucas (1979)، "Wilberforce and Huxley: A Legendary Encounter"، The Historical Journal، 22 (2)، صفحہ: 313–330، PMID 11617072، doi:10.1017/S0018246X00016848، 10 اپریل 2011 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 22 نومبر 2008
- Moore 2006 James Moore (2006)، Evolution and Wonder – Understanding Charles Darwin، Speaking of Faith (Radio Program)، American Public Media، 22 دسمبر 2008 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 22 نومبر 2008
- Moore 2006 James Moore (2006)، Evolution and Wonder – Understanding Charles Darwin، Speaking of Faith (Radio Program)، American Public Media، 22 دسمبر 2008 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 22 نومبر 2008
wikisource.org
ur.wikisource.org
- Mivart 1871 St. George Jackson Mivart (1871)، On the Genesis of Species، New York: Appleton
worldcat.org
- Richards 2017. Evelleen Richards (2017)، Darwin and the making of sexual selection، The University of Chicago Press، ISBN 978-0-226-43706-4، OCLC 956947766