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بین البراعظمی ممالک کی فہرست (Urdu Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "بین البراعظمی ممالک کی فہرست" in Urdu language version.

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16google.com.au
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4cia.gov
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2worldatlas.com
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2anu.edu.au
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2europa.eu
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1sciencetrends.com
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1psu.edu
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1globalsecurity.org
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1aciar.gov.au
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1iwojima.jp
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1virtualoceania.net
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1un.org
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1traveller.com.au
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1npolar.no
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aciar.gov.au

  • Lex Thomson، John Doran، Bronwyn Clarke (2018)۔ Trees for life in Oceania: Conservation and utilisation of genetic diversity (PDF)۔ Canberra, Australia: Australian Center for International Agricultural Research۔ صفحہ: 16۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 24 جنوری 2022۔ In a number of cases, human exploitation of certain high-value tree species, including sandalwoods and other highly prized timbers, has led to their extinction—such as the sandalwood species Santalum fernandezianum, in Juan Fernández Islands; and others to the brink of extinction, such S. boninensis in Ogasawara Islands, Japan; or is an ongoing threatening factor in the examples of S. yasi in Fiji and Tonga, Gyrinops spp. in Papua New Guinea (PNG) and Intsia bijuga throughout the Pacific Islands. 

anu.edu.au

press-files.anu.edu.au

bbc.co.uk

books.google.com

  • Robert S. Ridgely، Tudor Guy (1989)۔ The Birds of South America: Volume 1: The Oscine Passerines۔ University of Texas Press۔ صفحہ: 14۔ ISBN 9780292707566۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 12 مارچ 2022۔ Finally, a few comments on the area we consider to be part of "South America" are in order. Essentially we have followed the limits established by Meyer de Schauensee (1970: xii) with a few minor modifications. Thus, all the continental inshore islands are included (e.g., Trinidad and Tobago; various small islands off the northern coast of Venezuela, the Netherlands Antilles [Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao]; and Fernando de Noronha, off the northeastern coast of Brazil), but islands more properly considered part of the West Indies (e.g. Grenada) are not. To the south, we have opted to include the Falkland Islands (or Islas Malvinas — in referring to them as the Falklands we are not making any political statement but merely recognizing that this book is being written in the English language), as their avifauna is really very similar to that of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego. However, various other islands farther out in the South Atlantic (e.g., South Georgia) are not included except incidentally (e.g., endemic South Georgia Pipit have been incorporated). Likewise, the Juan Fernández Islands far off the Chilean coast have not been included (except for incidental comments), nor have the Galápagos Islands, situated even further off the Ecuadorian coast. 

cia.gov

europa.eu

europa.eu

consilium.europa.eu

globalsecurity.org

gmanetwork.com

google.com.au

  • The Stockholm Journal of East Asian Studies: Volumes 6-8۔ Center for Pacific Asia Studies, University of Stockholm۔ 1996۔ صفحہ: 3۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 31 مارچ 2022 
  • The World and Its Peoples: Australia, New Zealand, Oceania۔ Greystone Press۔ 1966۔ صفحہ: 6۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 29 مارچ 2022 
  • John William Henderson (1971)۔ Area Handbook for Oceania۔ U.S. Government Printing Office۔ صفحہ: 5۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 11 مارچ 2022 
  • Eliot Grinnell Mears (1945)۔ Pacific Ocean Handbook۔ J. L. Delkin۔ صفحہ: 45۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 19 اپریل 2022 
  • Robert Brown (1876)۔ "Oceania: General Characteristics"۔ The countries of the world۔ Oxford University۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 فروری 2022 
  • Jules Janick (2010)۔ Horticultural Reviews, Volume 36۔ Wiley۔ صفحہ: 146۔ ISBN 9780470527221۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 فروری 2022۔ Oceania is a broadly applied term for the thousands of islands in the Pacific Ocean. They range from extremely small, uninhabited islands, to large ones, including Australia, New Zealand and New Guinea. Oceania is further grouped into three regions, Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. There a few other Pacific island groups that do not fit into these groupings, such as Galapagos. 
  • Graham Hutt (2010)۔ North Africa۔ Imray, Laurie, Norie and Wilson Limited۔ صفحہ: 265۔ ISBN 9781846238833 
  • Ian Todd (1974)۔ Island Realm: A Pacific Panorama۔ Angus & Robertson۔ صفحہ: 190۔ ISBN 9780207127618۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 02 فروری 2022۔ [we] can further define the word culture to mean language. Thus we have the French language part of Oceania, the Spanish part and the Japanese part. The Japanese culture groups of Oceania are the Bonin Islands, the Marcus Islands and the Volcano Islands. These three clusters, lying south and south-east of Japan, are inhabited either by Japanese or by people who have now completely fused with the Japanese race. Therefore they will not be taken into account in the proposed comparison of the policies of non - Oceanic cultures towards Oceanic peoples. On the eastern side of the Pacific are a number of Spanish language culture groups of islands. Two of them, the Galapagos and Easter Island, have been dealt with as separate chapters in this volume. Only one of the dozen or so Spanish culture island groups of Oceania has an Oceanic population — the Polynesians of Easter Island. The rest are either uninhabited or have a Spanish - Latin - American population consisting of people who migrated from the mainland. Therefore, the comparisons which follow refer almost exclusively to the English and French language cultures. 
  • Oceania in the 21st Century - Color۔ St. John's School, Guam, USA۔ 2010۔ ISBN 9780557445059۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 12 مارچ 2022۔ The Bonin Islands, now known as the Ogasawara Islands, are a group of subtropical islands located roughly equidistant between the Tokyo, Japan and the Northern Mariana Islands. This group of islands is nowhere near Tokyo, but it is still considered to be a part of Tokyo! The Ogasawara Islands consist of 30 subtropical islands made The Bonin Islands were said to be discovered first by Bernardo de la Torre, a Spanish explorer, who originally called the islands “Islas del Arzobispo” [,,,] 
  • Jacqueline West (2002)۔ South America, Central America and the Caribbean۔ Taylor & Francis Group۔ ISBN 9781857431384۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 12 مارچ 2022 
  • Peter Parley (1866)۔ Tales about Europe, Asia, Africa, America, & Oceania۔ Oxford University۔ صفحہ: 2۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 12 مارچ 2022۔ Oceania consists of Australasia, Polynesia and Malaysia. Australasia means South Asia. It comprises New Holland or Australia, Van Diemen's Land or Tasmania, Papua or New Guinea, Norfolk Island, New Zealand and some smaller islands. Polynesia is the term given to the various islands in the Pacific Ocean, which, as you may see on the map, are situated to the eastward of Australia, including the Philippine Islands. Malaysia is the name given to the islands of the Malay Archipelago, which are principally inhabited by the Malay race, comprising Borneo, the Sunday Isles, Celebes, Moluccas [...] 
  • Sophia S. Cornell (1859)۔ Cornell's First Steps in Geography۔ The University of Michigan۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 11 مارچ 2022 
  • Chambers's New Handy Volume American Encyclopædia: Volume 9۔ The University of Virginia۔ 1885۔ صفحہ: 657۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 13 مارچ 2022۔ the whole region has sometimes been called Oceania, and sometimes Australasia—generally, however, in modern times, to the exclusion of the islands in the Indian archipelago, to which certain writers have given the name of Malaysia [...] we have the three geographical divisions of Malaysia, Australasia and Polynesia, the last mentioned of which embraces all the groups and single islands not included under the other two. Accepting this arrangement, still the limits between Australasia and Polynesia have not been very accurately defined; indeed, scarcely any two geographers appear to be quite agreed upon the subject; neither shall we pretend to decide in the matter. The following list, however, comprises all the principal groups and single island not previously named as coming under the division of Australasia: 1. North of the equator—The Ladrone or Marian islands. the Pelew islands, the Caroline islands, the Radack and Ralick chains, the Sandwich islands, Gilbert's or Kingstnill's archipelago. and the Galapagos. 2. South of the equator—The Ellice group, the Phoenix and Union groups. the Fiji islands, the Friendly islands, the Navigator's islands. Cook's or Harvey islands, the Society islands. the Dangerous archipelago, the Marquesas islands, Pitcairn island, and Easter island. 
  • Thomas Albert Sebeok (1971)۔ Current Trends in Linguistics: Linguistics in Oceania۔ the University of Michigan۔ صفحہ: 950۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 02 فروری 2022۔ Most of this account of the influence of the Hispanic languages in Oceania has dealt with the Western Pacific, but the Eastern Pacific has not been without some share of the presence of the Portuguese and Spanish. The Eastern Pacific does not have the multitude of islands so characteristic of the Western regions of this great ocean, but there are some: Easter Island, 2000 miles off the Chilean coast, where a Polynesian tongue, Rapanui, is still spoken; the Juan Fernandez group, 400 miles west of Valparaiso; the Galapagos archipelago, 650 miles west of Ecuador; Malpelo and Cocos, 300 miles off the Colombian and Costa Rican coasts respectively; and others. Not many of these islands have extensive populations — some have been used effectively as prisons — but the official language on each is Spanish. 
  • Ian Todd (1974)۔ Island Realm: A Pacific Panorama۔ Angus & Robertson۔ صفحہ: 197۔ ISBN 9780207127618۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 02 فروری 2022۔ Mexico controls two small groups of Pacific Ocean islands — Islas Revilla Cigedo and Guadalupe — both less than 500 miles ... They have no indigenous population and are geographically part of Oceania 
  • James P. Terry (1998)۔ Climate and Environmental Change in the Pacific۔ The University of Michigan۔ صفحہ: 5۔ ISBN 9789820103580۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 11 مارچ 2022۔ The British added the Ellice, Pitcairn and portions of the Phoenix Islands; the Australians consolidated their claims to Papua; and the French consolidated their claims to Clipperton islands; Easter and adjacent islands were claimed by Chile, Cocos Island was claimed by Costa Rica, and the Galapagos claimed by Ecuador. By 1900 there were virtually no remaining islands in Oceania unclaimed by foreign powers. 

gouv.nc

cooperation-regionale.gouv.nc

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

ipdefenseforum.com

iwojima.jp

jstor.org

npolar.no

nettarkiv.npolar.no

psu.edu

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

researchgate.net

sciencetrends.com

traveller.com.au

un.org

unstats.un.org

virtualoceania.net

worldatlas.com

  • "Transcontinental Countries Of The World"۔ WorldAtlas (بزبان انگریزی)۔ 7 May 2021۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 31 مئی 2021 
  • John Misachi (25 April 2017)۔ "Which Countries Span More Than One Continent?"۔ WorldAtlas.com۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 05 فروری 2019