Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "تاریخ فلسطین" in Urdu language version.
The name Judea no longer referred only to.۔.۔
[Judaea under the republic]۔ The state of things in northern Syria was organised by the generals of the republic, Pompeius and his immediate successors, on such a footing, that the larger powers that were beginning to be formed there were again reduced, and the whole land was broken up into single city-domains and petty lordships. The Jews were most severely affected by this course ; not merely were they obliged to give up all the possessions which they had hitherto gained, particularly the whole coast (iv. 142)، but Gabinius had even broken up the empire formerly subsisting into five independent self-administering districts, and withdrawn from the high priest Hyrcanus his secular privileges (iv. 158)۔ Thus, as the protecting power was restored on the one hand, so was the pure theocracy on the other. (Image of p. 174 at Google Books)
[Judaea under the republic]۔ The state of things in northern Syria was organised by the generals of the republic, Pompeius and his immediate successors, on such a footing, that the larger powers that were beginning to be formed there were again reduced, and the whole land was broken up into single city-domains and petty lordships. The Jews were most severely affected by this course ; not merely were they obliged to give up all the possessions which they had hitherto gained, particularly the whole coast (iv. 142)، but Gabinius had even broken up the empire formerly subsisting into five independent self-administering districts, and withdrawn from the high priest Hyrcanus his secular privileges (iv. 158)۔ Thus, as the protecting power was restored on the one hand, so was the pure theocracy on the other. (Image of p. 174 at Google Books)
[Under the early Roman Emperors]۔ The local communities lived under a variety of governments. The Greco-Macedonian colonies kept their own magistrates under whom were a senate and a popular assembly. The ancient Greek city-state remained the organization type. The Phoenician city-states likewise retained their traditional oligarchical systems, to which a Greek colouring had been by this time added.
Pompey and his successors restored the 'freedom' of the subject cities, but not all of them managed to survive as city states after the first century BC. Those that did included Dora (Tel Dor)، Gaba (Tel Shush)، Samaria (refounded by Herod as Sebaste)۔ Strato's Tower (refounded by Herod as Caesarea)، Gaza, Anthedon (Blakhiyeh) and Raphia (Tel Rafah)۔
The Hasmonaean state had been seriously diminished: it now included only Judaea, Samaria (except for the city of Samaria itself)، southern Galilee, and eastern Idumaea. Lands that had been appropriated were awarded to other kingdoms, and many city-states were added to the province of Syria in particular. These included not only all the cities situated beyond the Jordan and Lake Tiberias (Hippos, Gadara, Pella, Gerasa, Dion)، but also cities of the southern Levant, along the coast as well as inland (Scythopolis, Samaria, Iamnia, Gaza, Joppa, Dora)۔ (note 67.) With this reorganization, Pompey, inaugurated a policy of client states in Judaea like the one already in place in much of Anatolia. […] Pompey restored damaged and destroyed cities everywhere. Above all, he guaranteed the independence of cities formerly occupied by Hasmonaeans, on the coast (Gaza, Anthedon)، in Idumaea and Samaria (Samaria it-self, Adora, Marisa)، as well as in the Transjordan region, where Gadara, Pella, Gerasa, and Dion in particular were liberated and integrated into a district originally comprising ten cities that seem to have been linked geographically and administratively rather than politically.
They are the Hellenistic towns of Perea (except Scythopolis)، once subjugated by Alexander Jannaeus, and later liberated again by Pompey
The immediate trigger of the 1948 War was the نومبر 1947 UN partition resolution. The Zionist movement, except for its fringes, accepted the proposal.
۔.۔they officially accepted the partition plan, but invested all their efforts towards improving its terms and maximally expanding their boundaries while reducing the number of Arabs in them.
