ابن حماد (d. 1230) in Akhbar al-Muluk Bani Ubayd (ed. Paris, 1927, p. 57) mentions that Al-Mansur Billah in 948 after his victory over Abu Yazid was met at Kairouan by the notables mounted on fine horses and carrying drums and green flags. While green is often referred to as the dynastic colour of the Fatimids, it appears that the Fatimid caliphate did also use white, in opposition to the black used by the Abbasid Caliphate۔ "The Ismaili Shiʿite counter-caliphate founded by the Fatimids took white as its dynastic color, creating a visual contrast to the ʿAbbasid enemy … white became the Shiʿite color, in deliberate opposition ot the black of the ʿAbbasid 'establishment'۔" Jane Hathaway, A Tale of Two Factions: Myth, Memory, and Identity in Ottoman Egypt and Yemen، 2012, p. 97f.
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Peter Turchin؛ Jonathan M. Adams؛ Thomas D Hall (دسمبر 2006)۔ "East-West Orientation of Historical Empires"(PDF)۔ Journal of world-systems research۔ ج 12 شمارہ 2: 219–229۔ 2018-12-25 کو اصل سے آرکائیو کیا گیا(PDF)۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 2012-01-09آرکائیو شدہ(Date missing) بذریعہ jwsr.ucr.edu (Error: unknown archive URL)
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Peter Turchin؛ Jonathan M. Adams؛ Thomas D Hall (دسمبر 2006)۔ "East-West Orientation of Historical Empires"(PDF)۔ Journal of world-systems research۔ ج 12 شمارہ 2: 219–229۔ 2018-12-25 کو اصل سے آرکائیو کیا گیا(PDF)۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 2012-01-09آرکائیو شدہ(Date missing) بذریعہ jwsr.ucr.edu (Error: unknown archive URL)
