روسی امریکہ (Urdu Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "روسی امریکہ" in Urdu language version.

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alaska.net

archive.org

books.google.com

  • Robert Bruce Campbell (2007)۔ In Darkest Alaska: Travels and Empire Along the Inside Passage۔ ص 1۔ ISBN:978-0812240214
  • Compare: Sarah Crawford Isto (2012)۔ "Chapter One: The Russian Period 1749-1866"۔ The Fur Farms of Alaska: Two Centuries of History and a Forgotten Stampede۔ University of Alaska Press۔ ص 8۔ ISBN:978-1-60223-171-9۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 2016-01-15۔ Russian merchants along the route from Kamchatka to Kiakhta must have been elated when Vitus Bering's expedition returned in 1742 to report that the northern coast of America was nearby and that its waters teemed with fur seals and sea otters. By the following year, the first commercial vessel had already been constructed in Kamchatka and had set off for a two-year voyage to the Aleutians. [...] A rush of fur-seeking expeditions followed
  • Roger M. Carpenter (2015)۔ "Times Are Altered with Us": American Indians from First Contact to the New Republic۔ Wiley۔ ص 231–232۔ ISBN:978-1-118-73315-8۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 2016-01-15
  • Alexander Etkind (2013) [2011]۔ Internal Colonization: Russia's Imperial Experience۔ Cambridge: John Wiley & Sons۔ ص 68۔ ISBN:9780745673547۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 2019-11-23۔ Agreeing with Soloviev that the history of Russia was the history of colonization, Shchapov described the process [...]. Two methods of colonization were primary: 'fur colonization,' with hunters harvesting and depleting the habitats of fur animals and moving further and further across Siberia all the way to Alaska; and 'fishing colonization,' which supplied Russian centers with fresh- or salt-water fish and caviar.
  • Compare: Andrei Val'terovic Grinëv (2018) [2016]۔ "Russian Promyshlenniki in Alaska at the end of the Eighteenth Century"۔ Russian Colonization of Alaska: Preconditions, Discovery, and Initial Development, 1741-1799 [Predposylki rossiisoi kolonizatsii Alyaski, ee otkrytie i pervonachal'noye osnovanie]۔ ترجمہ از Richard L. Bland۔ Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press۔ ص 198۔ ISBN:9781496210852۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 2019-11-23۔ The Aleuts and other dependent Natives of the Russian colonies could never be considered slaves, or feudal serfs, or civilian workers in the usual sense of the terms. [...] Up to the 1790s the Natives were obligated to pay tribute to the royal treasury, demonstrating personal dependence on the Russian emperor. Some of the Natives, evidently making up from a twelfth to an eighth of the adult population, belonged to the so-called kayury, whose position was in fact that of slaves, since they received nothing for their labor besides scanty clothing and food. However, this was not slavery as once existed in ancient Rome or in the American South [...].
  • Sandra K. Mathews-Benham (2008)۔ "5: From the Aleutian Chain to Northern California"۔ American Indians in the Early West۔ Cultures in the American West۔ Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO۔ ص 246۔ ISBN:9781851098248۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 2019-11-23۔ [...] before he died, Shelikhov had appointed Alexandr Baranov as governor of the Russian Alaska Company, the first functional and approved Russian monopoly in Alaska.

calacademy.org

doi.org

  • David Nordlander (1995)۔ "Innokentii Veniaminov and the Expansion of Orthodoxy in Russian America"۔ Pacific Historical Review۔ ج 64 شمارہ 1: 19–35۔ DOI:10.2307/3640333
  • Sergei Kan (1985)۔ "Russian Orthodox Brotherhoods among the Tlingit: Missionary Goals and Native Response"۔ Ethnohistory۔ ج 32 شمارہ 3: 196–222۔ DOI:10.2307/481921

in2013dollars.com

kodiakisland.net

web.archive.org