فہرست نسل کشی بلحاظ اموات (Urdu Wikipedia)
Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "فہرست نسل کشی بلحاظ اموات" in Urdu language version.
refsWebsite
Global rank
Urdu rank
3rd place
3rd place
1st place
1st place
6th place
4th place
5th place
16th place
8,241st place
4,671st place
low place
low place
12th place
88th place
1,308th place
2,883rd place
low place
low place
741st place
1,514th place
268th place
147th place
7th place
43rd place
low place
low place
17th place
20th place
121st place
192nd place
low place
low place
231st place
107th place
6,150th place
2,151st place
7,048th place
low place
71st place
90th place
1,194th place
343rd place
548th place
1,381st place
2,365th place
1,942nd place
low place
low place
low place
low place
low place
low place
low place
low place
18th place
160th place
443rd place
303rd place
1,523rd place
405th place
low place
low place
low place
low place
179th place
139th place
low place
low place
2,932nd place
1,176th place
305th place
226th place
9,872nd place
2,923rd place
low place
low place
low place
low place
49th place
145th place
666th place
2,518th place
low place
low place
5,419th place
low place
low place
low place
6,929th place
low place
low place
low place
1,201st place
1,187th place
1,067th place
575th place
27th place
106th place
11th place
2,494th place
low place
low place
low place
low place
low place
low place
low place
low place
low place
low place
low place
low place
low place
low place
low place
low place
low place
low place
low place
low place
1,146th place
5,568th place
14th place
46th place
low place
low place
low place
low place
low place
4,637th place
6,465th place
3,662nd place
2,579th place
4,665th place
low place
low place
low place
low place
36th place
165th place
5,076th place
5,450th place
low place
low place
low place
low place
low place
low place
108th place
876th place
1,507th place
325th place
2,293rd place
1,797th place
8,570th place
low place
254th place
474th place
129th place
902nd place
139th place
565th place
7,670th place
low place
1,367th place
445th place
283rd place
281st place
1,133rd place
739th place
30th place
175th place
1,195th place
417th place
1,698th place
4,290th place
low place
low place
1,473rd place
866th place
low place
low place
abc.net.au
- James Bennett (14 دسمبر 2017)۔ "Rohingya death toll likely above 10,000, MSF says amid exodus"۔ ABC۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 25 اگست 2018
academia.edu
- Jordana Leavesley۔ "Melos and Carthage: Genocide in the Ancient World" (بزبان انگریزی)
- Ray Gibbons۔ "The Partial Case for Queensland Genocide"
aljazeera.com
- "Indonesia's killing fields"۔ الجزیرہ۔ 2012-12-21۔ 14 فروری 2015 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 24 جنوری 2016
- "Investigating genocide in Somaliland"۔ Al Jazeera۔ فروری 2014۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 16 اپریل 2018
- "Investigating genocide in Somaliland"۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ اپریل 16, 2018
american.edu
www1.american.edu
- "Between اکتوبر 2002 and جنوری 2003, two the rebel groups, the MLC and RCD-N in the East of the Congo launched a premeditated, systematic genocide against the local tribes and Pygmies nicknamed operation "Effacer le Tableau" ("erase the board")۔ During their offensive against the civilian population of the Ituri region, the rebel groups left more than 60,000 dead and over 100,000 displaced. The rebels even engaged in slavery and cannibalism. Human Rights Reports state that this was due to the fact that rebel groups, often far away from their bases of supply and desperate for food, enslaved the Pygmies on captured farms to grow provisions for their militias or when times get really tough simply slaughter them like animals and devour their flesh which some believe gives them magical powers. 11. Fatality Level of Dispute (military and civilian fatalities): 70,000 estimated" see: Raja Seshadri (7 نومبر 2005)۔ "Pygmies in the Congo Basin and Conflict"۔ Case Study 163۔ The Inventory of Conflict & Environment, American University۔ 4 مارچ 2016 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 21 جولائی 2012
amnesty.org
- "بنگلہ دیش: Indigenous Peoples engulfed in Chittagong Hill Tracts land conflict"۔ www.amnesty.org (بزبان انگریزی)۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 04 اکتوبر 2018
angelfire.com
- "Massacres in the CHT"۔ Angelfire۔ The sum of all dead listed in each massacre of the article"hundreds" or "thousands" will be assumed to equal anywhere from 100 to 900 or 1,000 to 9,000۔ 01 نومبر 2019 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ
aph.gov.au
- "Foreign Affairs: Ukrainian Famine (No. 680)" (PDF)۔ Journals of the Senate۔ 114: 2652–53۔ 30 اکتوبر 2003۔ 29 دسمبر 2004 میں اصل (PDF) سے آرکائیو شدہ
apnews.com
- "UN official says Rohingya crisis has 'hallmarks of genocide'"۔ Associated Press۔ Associated Press۔ 1 فروری 2018۔ 13 جون 2021 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 25 اگست 2018
apnewsarchive.com
- 1,000 deaths per day in اپریل, May and جون along Turkish border a - "Iraqi Deaths from the Gulf War as of اپریل 1992," Greenpeace, Washington, D.C. See also "Aftermath of War: The Persian Gulf War Refugee Crisis," Staff Report to the Senate Judiciary Committee's Subcommittee on Immigration and Refugee Affairs, مئی 20, 1991. The figure of nearly 1,000 deaths per day is also given in "Kurdistan in the Time of Saddam Hussein," Staff Report to the U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, نومبر 1991, p.14. "hundreds" (100 to 900?) died per day along Iranian border b - Kurdish Refugees Straggle Into Iran, Followed By Tragedy، Associated Press, Apr 13, 1991 1,100 to 1,900 (a + b) deaths per day from at least اپریل 13th (b) up to between مئی 1st and مئی 31st (a ); which suggests 44 to 74 days: 1,100(44)= 48,400 1,900(74)= 140,600 Routine calculations Routine calculations do not count as original research, provided there is consensus among editors that the result of the calculation is obvious, correct, and a meaningful reflection of the sources. Basic arithmetic, such as adding numbers, converting units, or calculating a person's age are some examples of routine calculations. See also Category:Conversion templates.
archive.org
- Michael Berenbaum (2006)۔ The World Must Know: The History of the Holocaust as Told in the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (2nd ایڈیشن)۔ Washington, DC: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum۔ ISBN 978-0-8018-8358-3
- Timothy Snyder (2012)۔ Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin۔ Hachette UK۔ صفحہ: 90۔ ISBN 978-0-465-03297-6
- John Arch Getty, Roberta Thompson Manning، مدیر (1993)۔ Stalinist Terror: New Perspectives۔ Cambridge University Press۔ صفحہ: 265۔ ISBN 978-0-521-44670-9
- Paul Ginsborg (2014)۔ Family Politics: Domestic Life, Devastation and Survival, 1900–1950۔ Yale University Press۔ صفحہ: 100۔ ISBN 978-0-300-21105-4
- Paul Ginsborg (2014)۔ Family Politics: Domestic Life, Devastation and Survival, 1900–1950۔ Yale University Press۔ صفحہ: 100۔ ISBN 978-0-300-21105-4
- Kisangani Ezimet (2000)۔ "The Massacre of Refugees in Congo: A Case of UN Peacekeeping Failure and International Law"۔ The Journal of Modern African Studies۔ Cambridge University Press۔ 38 (2): 163–202۔ JSTOR 161648۔ doi:10.1017/S0022278X0000330X
- Kisangani N. F. Emizet (جولائی 2000)۔ "The Massacre of Refugees in Congo: A Case of UN Peacekeeping Failure and International Law"۔ The Journal of Modern African Studies۔ 38 (2): 163–202۔ JSTOR 161648۔ doi:10.1017/S0022278X0000330X
- William L. Cleveland (2000)۔ A History of the Modern Middle East (2nd ایڈیشن)۔ Boulder, CO: Westview۔ صفحہ: 119۔ ISBN 0-8133-3489-6
- William L. Cleveland (2000)۔ A History of the Modern Middle East (2nd ایڈیشن)۔ Boulder, CO: Westview۔ صفحہ: 119۔ ISBN 0-8133-3489-6
- Michael Ellman (جون 2007)۔ "Stalin and the Soviet Famine of 1932–33 Revisited"۔ Europe-Asia Studies۔ 59 (4): 663–693۔ JSTOR 20451381۔ doi:10.1080/09668130701291899۔ ایک خلاصہ لکھیں (PDF)
- Simon Sebag Montefiore (2003)۔ Stalin. The Court of the Red Tsar۔ New York: Vintage Books۔ صفحہ: 229۔ ISBN 1-4000-7678-1
- Nekrich, Aleksandr (1978)۔ The Punished Peoples
- Christopher Duggan (2007)۔ The Force of Destiny: A History of Italy Since 1796۔ New York: Houghton Mifflin۔ صفحہ: 497
- Mikolaj Terles (1993)۔ Ethnic cleansing of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia, 1942–1946 (ZZWRP)۔ صفحہ: 61۔ ISBN 0-9698020-0-5
- Buckley, Cynthia J.، Ruble, Blair A.، Hofmann, Erin Trouth (2008)۔ Migration, Homeland, and Belonging in Eurasia۔ Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Press۔ صفحہ: 207۔ ISBN 978-0-8018-9075-8
- Edward Allworth (1998)۔ The Tatars of Crimea: Return to the Homeland: Studies and Documents۔ Durham: Duke University Press۔ صفحہ: 6۔ ISBN 978-0-8223-1994-8۔ LCCN 97019110۔ OCLC 610947243
- Max I. Dimont (2004)۔ Jews, God, and History۔ Signet Classic۔ صفحہ: 247۔ ISBN 0-451-52940-5
- Other 1960s–1980s estimates of Jews killed:
- Hannah Vogt (1967)۔ "The Jews: A Chronicle for Christian Conscience"۔ Association Press۔ صفحہ: 72۔
In 1648, under the leadership of Chmielnicki, they ravaged the land with fire and sword. Their hatred of the Jews was boundless and they rarely attempted to persuade the unfortunate to convert. These persecutions were characterized by hitherto-unknown atrocities. Children were torn apart or thrown into the fire before the eyes of their mothers, women were burned alive, men were skinned and mutilated. People must have thought hell had let loose all the tormenting monsters that medieval painters had portrayed dragging the condemned to eternal punishment. The roads were choked with thousands of refugees trying to escape the murderous hordes. The famous rabbis of the Talmud schools died by the hundreds as martyrs for their faith. The total number of the dead was estimated at about one hundred thousand.
- Nicolas Werth، Karel Bartošek، Jean-Louis Panné، Jean-Louis Margolin، Andrzej Paczkowski، Stéphane Courtois (1999)۔ The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression۔ Harvard University Press۔ صفحہ: 98۔ ISBN 0-674-07608-7
- Orlando Figes (1998)۔ A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution: 1891–1924۔ پینگوئن (ادارہ)۔ ISBN 0-14-024364-X
- Donald Rayfield (2004)۔ Stalin and His Hangmen: The Tyrant and Those Who Killed for Him۔ Random House۔ ISBN 0-375-50632-2
- Mikhail Heller، Aleksandr Nekrich (1986)۔ Utopia in Power: The History of the Soviet Union from 1917 to the Present
- Geoff Hill (2005) [2003]۔ The Battle for Zimbabwe: The Final Countdown۔ Johannesburg: Struik Publishers۔ صفحہ: 77۔ ISBN 978-1-86872-652-3
- Henry Chadwick، G. R. Evans (1987)۔ Atlas of the Christian church۔ London: Macmillan۔ صفحہ: 113۔ ISBN 978-0-333-44157-2
- Hannah Vogt (1967)۔ "The Jews: A Chronicle for Christian Conscience"۔ Association Press۔ صفحہ: 72۔
archive.today
- "South Korea recognizes Kurdish genocide"۔ 13 جون 2013۔ 26 اپریل 2015 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 26 اپریل 2015
arlindo-correia.org
- Joshua Rubenstein۔ "The Devils' Playground"۔ نیو یارک ٹائمز۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 26 اپریل 2011۔
Rubenstein is the Northeast regional director of Amnesty International USA and a co-editor of The Unknown Black Book: The Holocaust in the German-Occupied Soviet Territories.
Almost all victims of the NKVD shootings were men, wrote Michał Jasiński, most with families. Their wives and children were dealt with by the NKVD Order No. 00486۔ The women were generally sentenced to deportation to Kazakhstan for an average of 5 to 10 years. Orphaned children without relatives willing to take them were put in orphanages to be brought up as Soviet, with no knowledge of their origins. All possessions of the accused were confiscated. The parents of the executed men – as well as their in-laws – were left with nothing to live on, which usually sealed their fate as well. Statistical extrapolation, wrote Jasiński, increases the number of Polish victims in 1937–1938 to around 200–250,000 depending on size of their families.
bbc.co.uk
news.bbc.co.uk
- "Brazilian Indians 'win land case'"۔ BBC News۔ 11 دسمبر 2008۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 24 مارچ 2011
- "Brazilian Indians 'win land case'"۔ BBC News۔ 11 دسمبر 2008۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 24 مارچ 2011
- "Germany admits Namibia genocide"۔ BBC۔ اگست 14, 2004۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 20 فروری 2016
bbc.co.uk
bbc.com
- Mark Dummett (2011-12-16)۔ "How one newspaper report changed world history"۔ BBC News (بزبان انگریزی)۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 04 اگست 2020
- Mark Dummett (2011-12-16)۔ "How one newspaper report changed world history"۔ BBC News (بزبان انگریزی)۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 04 اگست 2020
- Mark Dummett (2011-12-16)۔ "How one newspaper report changed world history"۔ BBC News (بزبان انگریزی)۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 04 اگست 2020
- "Turkey accuses France of genocide in colonial Algeria"۔ BBC News
- BBC (24 اپریل 2018)۔ "Myanmar Rohingya: What you need to know about the crisis"۔ BBC۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 25 اگست 2018
books.google.com
- Robert Davies، Stephen Wheatcroft (2004)۔ The Industrialisation of Soviet Russia Volume 5: The Years of Hunger: Soviet Agriculture 1931–1933۔ Palgrave Macmillan UK۔ صفحہ: xiv۔ ISBN 978-0-230-27397-9
- John Man (2004)۔ Genghis Khan: Life, Death, and Resurrection۔ New York City: St. Martin's Press۔ صفحہ: 116–117۔ ISBN 978-0-312-36624-7
- Frederick W. Mote (2003)۔ Imperial China 900-1800۔ Harvard University Press۔ صفحہ: 256–7۔ ISBN 978-0-674-01212-7
- "Doeke Eisma"۔ Chinggis Qan and the Conquest of Eurasia: A Biography۔ صفحہ: 100
- Dieter Kuhn (2011-10-15)۔ The Age of Confucian Rule: The Song Transformation of China۔ صفحہ: 50۔ ISBN 978-0-674-06202-3
- Robert Cribb (2004)۔ مدیر: Samuel Totten۔ The Indonesian Genocide of 1965–1966۔ Teaching about Genocide: Approaches, and Resources۔ Information Age Publishing۔ صفحہ: 133–143۔ ISBN 1-59311-074-X
- Mark Aarons (2007)۔ "International Humanitarian Law"۔ $1 میں David A. Blumenthal، Timothy L. H. McCormack۔ Justice Betrayed: Post-1945 Responses to Genocide۔ The Legacy of Nuremberg: Civilising Influence or Institutionalised Vengeance?۔ Martinus Nijhoff Publishers۔ صفحہ: 80۔ ISBN 978-9004156913۔ ایک خلاصہ لکھیں
- Robert Gellately، Ben Kiernan (جولائی 2003)۔ The Specter of Genocide: Mass Murder in Historical Perspective۔ کیمبرج یونیورسٹی پریس۔ صفحہ: 290–291۔ ISBN 978-0-521-52750-7۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 19 اکتوبر 2015
- Ben Kiernan (2007)۔ Blood and Soil: A World History of Genocide and Extermination from Sparta to Darfur۔ صفحہ: 374۔ ISBN 978-0-300-10098-3
- Jean-Pierre Peyroulou، Bouchène Abderahman، Ouanassa Siari Tengour، Sylvie Thenault (2014)۔ Histoire de l'Algérie à la période coloniale, 1830–1962 [History of Algeria during the colonial period, from 1830 to 1962]۔ ISBN 9782707182319
- Ben Kiernan (2007)۔ Blood and Soil: A World History of Genocide and Extermination from Sparta to Darfur۔ صفحہ: 364–365۔ ISBN 978-0-300-10098-3
- Jean-Baptiste Rivoire (2011-12-08)۔ The crime of Tibhirine: Revelations about those responsible۔ ISBN 9782707170729
- Raphael Lemkin (2012)۔ مدیر: Steven Leonard Jacobs۔ Lemkin on Genocide۔ Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield۔ صفحہ: 71۔ ISBN 978-0-7391-4526-5
- Kurt Jonassohn، Karin Solveig Björnson (1998)۔ Genocide and Gross Human Rights Violations: In Comparative Perspective۔ Piscataway, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers۔ صفحہ: 50۔ ISBN 978-1-4128-2445-3
- Colin Martin Tatz، Winton Higgins (2016)۔ The Magnitude of Genocide۔ ABC-CLIO۔ صفحہ: 214۔ ISBN 978-1-4408-3161-4
- John M. Robertson (1902)۔ A Short History of Christianity۔ London, UK: Watts & Co.۔ صفحہ: 254
- genocidal or near-genocidal:
- Brendam O'Leary، John McGarry (24 نومبر 1995)۔ مدیر: Albert Breton۔ Regulating nations and ethnic communities۔ Cambridge University Press۔ صفحہ: 248۔ ISBN 978-0-521-48098-7۔
Oliver Cromwell offered the Irish Catholics a choice between genocide and forced mass population transfer. They could go 'To Hell or to Connaught!'
- Robert Carrol، Stephen Prickett (1997)۔ The Bible: Authorized King James Version with Apocrypha۔ Oxford University Press۔ صفحہ: 337۔ ISBN 978-0-19-283525-3
- Michael Angold (2006)، مدیر: Anthony O'Mahony، Cambridge History of Christianity، 5. Eastern Christianity، Cambridge University Press، صفحہ: 512، ISBN 978-0-521-81113-2۔
- P. A. J. Attema، E. Bolhuis (دسمبر 2010)۔ Palaeohistoria 51/52 (2009/2010)۔ ISBN 9789077922736
- Ben Kiernan (2007)۔ Blood and Soil: A World History of Genocide and Extermination from Sparta to Darfur۔ Yale University Press۔ ISBN 978-0-300-10098-3
- William D. Rubinstein (2014-07-10)۔ Genocide۔ Routledge۔ ISBN 978-1-317-86996-2
- Michael Mann (2005)۔ The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic Cleansing۔ Cambridge University Press۔ ISBN 978-0-521-53854-1
- Donald L. Niewyk، Francis R. Nicosia (2000)۔ The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust۔ Columbia University Press۔ صفحہ: 47۔ ISBN 978-0-231-50590-1۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 5 جولائی 2016
- Donald L. Niewyk، Francis R. Nicosia (2000)۔ The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust۔ Columbia University Press۔ صفحہ: 47۔ ISBN 978-0-231-50590-1۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 5 جولائی 2016
- Donald L. Niewyk، Francis R. Nicosia (2000)۔ The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust۔ Columbia University Press۔ صفحہ: 47۔ ISBN 978-0-231-50590-1۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 5 جولائی 2016
- Wendy Z. Goldman (2011)۔ Inventing the Enemy: Denunciation and Terror in Stalin's Russia۔ New York: Cambridge University Press۔ صفحہ: 217۔ ISBN 978-0-521-19196-8
- Sheena Chestnut Greitens (2016-08-16)۔ Dictators and their Secret Police: Coercive Institutions and State Violence۔ صفحہ: 289۔ ISBN 978-1-316-71256-6
- Michael Mann (2006)۔ The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic Cleansing۔ Cambridge University Press۔ صفحہ: 309۔ ISBN 978-0-521-53854-1
- Ali Abdullatif Ahmida (23 مارچ 2011)۔ Making of Modern Libya, The: State Formation, Colonization, and Resistance, Second Edition (بزبان انگریزی)۔ SUNY Press۔ صفحہ: 146۔ ISBN 978-1-4384-2893-2
- Samuel Totten، Paul Robert Bartrop (2008)۔ Dictionary of Genocide: A-L۔ ABC-CLIO۔ صفحہ: 259۔ ISBN 978-0-313-34642-2
- Tom Cooper، Albert Grandolini (جنوری 19, 2015)۔ Libyan Air Wars: Part 1: 1973–1985۔ Helion and Company۔ صفحہ: 5۔ ISBN 978-1-910777-51-0
- Chris Mullin (2010-10-01)۔ A View From The Foothills: The Diaries of Chris Mullin۔ Profile Books۔ ISBN 978-1-84765-186-0
- Chris Mburu، United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights، United Nations Development Programme Somalia Country Office (2002-01-01)۔ Past human rights abuses in Somalia: report of a preliminary study conducted for the United Nations (OHCHR/UNDP-Somalia)
- Douglas C. Peifer (2009-05-01)۔ Stopping Mass Killings in Africa: Genocide, Airpower, and Intervention۔ DIANE Publishing۔ ISBN 978-1-4379-1281-4
- Scott Straus (2015-03-24)۔ Making and Unmaking Nations: The Origins and Dynamics of Genocide in Contemporary Africa۔ Cornell University Press۔ ISBN 978-0-8014-5567-4
- Adam Jones (2017-01-22)۔ Genocide, war crimes and the West: history and complicity۔ Zed Books۔ ISBN 978-1-84277-191-4
- Amare Tekle (1994-01-01)۔ Eritrea and Ethiopia: From Conflict to Cooperation۔ The Red Sea Press۔ ISBN 978-0-932415-97-4
- Robert M. Press (1999-01-01)۔ The New Africa: Dispatches from a Changing Continent۔ University Press of Florida۔ ISBN 978-0-8130-1704-4
- Anna Lindley (2013-01-15)۔ The Early Morning Phonecall: Somali Refugees' Remittances (بزبان انگریزی)۔ Berghahn Books۔ ISBN 978-1-78238-328-4
- Ian Law (2010-01-01)۔ Racism and Ethnicity: Global Debates, Dilemmas, Directions۔ Longman۔ ISBN 978-1-4058-5912-7
- Scott Straus (2015-03-24)۔ Making and Unmaking Nations: The Origins and Dynamics of Genocide in Contemporary Africa (بزبان انگریزی)۔ Cornell University Press۔ ISBN 978-0-8014-5567-4
- Samuel Totten، William S. Parsons (1997)۔ Century of genocide: critical essays and eyewitness accounts۔ Routledge۔ صفحہ: 430۔ ISBN 978-0-203-89043-1۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 11 جنوری 2011
- Enver Redžić (2005)۔ Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Second World War۔ New York: Tylor and Francis۔ صفحہ: 84۔ ISBN 978-0-7146-5625-0
- Samuel Totten، William S. Parsons، Israel W. Charny (2004)۔ Century of Genocide: Critical Essays and Eyewitness Accounts۔ Psychology Press۔ صفحہ: 331۔ ISBN 978-0-415-94430-4
- Samuel Totten، William S. Parsons، Israel W. Charny (2004)۔ Century of Genocide: Critical Essays and Eyewitness Accounts۔ Psychology Press۔ صفحہ: 331۔ ISBN 978-0-415-94430-4
- Harnik Deol (2000)۔ Religion and nationalism in بھارت: the case of the Punjab۔ Psychology Press۔ صفحہ: 108–109۔ ISBN 978-0-415-20108-7۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 22 جولائی 2011
- Edward Paulino (2016-02-16)۔ Dividing Hispaniola: The Dominican Republic's Border Campaign against Haiti, 1930–1961۔ ISBN 978-0-8229-8103-9
- Michele Wucker (2014-04-08)۔ Why the Cocks Fight: Dominicans, Haitians, and the Struggle for Hispaniola۔ ISBN 978-1-4668-6788-8
- Peter Holquist (1917-03-08)۔ Making War, Forging Revolution: Russia's Continuum of Crisis, 1914–1921 – Peter Holquist – Google Boeken۔ ISBN 978-0-674-00907-3۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2014
- Marie–Janine Calic (2012)۔ "Ethnic Cleansing and War Crimes, 1991–1995"۔ $1 میں Charles W. Ingrao، Thomas A. Emmert۔ Confronting the Yugoslav Controversies: A Scholars' Initiative۔ West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press۔ صفحہ: 139–40۔ ISBN 978-1-55753-617-4 Footnotes in source identify numbers as جون 2012۔
- Marie–Janine Calic (2012)۔ "Ethnic Cleansing and War Crimes, 1991–1995"۔ $1 میں Charles W. Ingrao، Thomas A. Emmert۔ Confronting the Yugoslav Controversies: A Scholars' Initiative۔ West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press۔ صفحہ: 139–40۔ ISBN 978-1-55753-617-4 Footnotes in source identify numbers as جون 2012۔
- Robins, Nicholas A. and Adam Jones. "Introduction: Subaltern Genocide in Theory and Practice." In: Robins, Nicholas A. and Adam Jones (editors)۔ Genocides by the Oppressed: Subaltern Genocide in Theory and Practice۔ Indiana University Press، 2009. آئی ایس بی این 0253220777، 9780253220776. p. 3: "The Great Rebellion and the Haitian slave uprising are two examples of what we refer to as "subaltern genocide": cases in which subaltern actors—those objectively oppressed and disempowered—adopt genocidal strategies to vanquish their[…]" -- Also stated in Jones, Adam. Chapter 11: "Subaltern genocide: Genocides by the oppressed." In: The Scourge of Genocide: Essays and Reflections۔ Routledge, جون 26, 2013. آئی ایس بی این 1135047154، 9781135047153. p. 169۔
- Saint Bartholomew's Day, Massacre of (2008) Encyclopædia Britannica Deluxe Edition, Chicago; Hardouin de Péréfixe de Beaumont، Catholic Archbishop of Paris a century later, put the number at 100,000, but "This last number is probably exaggerated, if we reckon only those who perished by a violent death. But if we add those who died from wretchedness, hunger, sorrow, abandoned old men, women without shelter, children without bread,—all the miserable whose life was shortened by this great catastrophe, we shall see that the estimate of Péréfixe is still below the reality." G. D. Félice (1851)۔ History of the Protestants of France۔ New York: Edward Walker, p. 217.
- Brendam O'Leary، John McGarry (24 نومبر 1995)۔ مدیر: Albert Breton۔ Regulating nations and ethnic communities۔ Cambridge University Press۔ صفحہ: 248۔ ISBN 978-0-521-48098-7۔
brill.com
- Mark Aarons (2007)۔ "International Humanitarian Law"۔ $1 میں David A. Blumenthal، Timothy L. H. McCormack۔ Justice Betrayed: Post-1945 Responses to Genocide۔ The Legacy of Nuremberg: Civilising Influence or Institutionalised Vengeance?۔ Martinus Nijhoff Publishers۔ صفحہ: 80۔ ISBN 978-9004156913۔ ایک خلاصہ لکھیں
cambridge.org
- Robert Gellately، Ben Kiernan (جولائی 2003)۔ The Specter of Genocide: Mass Murder in Historical Perspective۔ کیمبرج یونیورسٹی پریس۔ صفحہ: 290–291۔ ISBN 978-0-521-52750-7۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 19 اکتوبر 2015
cavr-timorleste.org
- "Conflict-related Deaths in Timor Leste, 1954–1999. The Findings of the CAVR Report Chega!" (PDF)
- "Chega! The CAVR Report"۔ 13 مئی, 2012 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ
- Precise estimates of the death toll are difficult to determine. The 2005 report of the UN's Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor (CAVR) reports an estimated minimum number of conflict-related deaths of 102,800 (+/− 12,000)۔ Of these, the report says that approximately 18,600 (+/− 1,000) were either killed or disappeared, and that approximately 84,000 (+/− 11,000) died from hunger or illness in excess of what would have been expected due to peacetime mortality. These figures represent a minimum conservative estimate that CAVR says is its scientifically-based principal finding. The report did not provide an upper bound, however, CAVR speculated that the total number of deaths due to conflict-related hunger and illness could have been as high as 183,000. The truth commission held Indonesian forces responsible for about 70% of the violent killings.
*This estimates comes from taking the minimum killed violently applying the 70% violent death responsibility given to Indonesian military combined with the minimum starved.
"Conflict-related Deaths in Timor Leste, 1954–1999. The Findings of the CAVR Report" (PDF)
"The CAVR Report"۔ 13 مئی 2012 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ - Precise estimates of the death toll are difficult to determine. The 2005 report of the UN's Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor (CAVR) reports an estimated minimum number of conflict-related deaths of 102,800 (+/− 12,000)۔ Of these, the report says that approximately 18,600 (+/− 1,000) were either killed or disappeared, and that approximately 84,000 (+/− 11,000) died from hunger or illness in excess of what would have been expected due to peacetime mortality. These figures represent a minimum conservative estimate that CAVR says is its scientifically-based principal finding. The report did not provide an upper bound, however, CAVR speculated that the total number of deaths due to conflict-related hunger and illness could have been as high as 183,000. The truth commission held Indonesian forces responsible for about 70% of the violent killings:*This estimates comes from taking the maximum killed violently applying the 70% violent death responsibility given to Indonesian military combined with the maximum starved.
"Conflict-related Deaths in Timor Leste, 1954–1999. The Findings of the CAVR Report"۔ cavr-timorleste.org۔ مئی 13, 2012 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ اپریل 16, 2018 - Precise estimates of the death toll are difficult to determine. The 2005 report of the UN's Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor (CAVR) reports an estimated minimum number of conflict-related deaths of 102,800 (+/− 12,000)۔ Of these, the report says that approximately 18,600 (+/− 1,000) were either killed or disappeared, and that approximately 84,000 (+/− 11,000) died from hunger or illness in excess of what would have been expected due to peacetime mortality. These figures represent a minimum conservative estimate that CAVR says is its scientifically-based principal finding. The report did not provide an upper bound, however, CAVR speculated that the total number of deaths due to conflict-related hunger and illness could have been as high as 183,000. The truth commission held Indonesian forces responsible for about 70% of the violent killings:*This estimates comes from taking the maximum killed violently applying the 70% violent death responsibility given to Indonesian military combined with the maximum starved.
"Conflict-related Deaths in Timor Leste, 1954–1999. The Findings of the CAVR Report"۔ cavr-timorleste.org۔ مئی 13, 2012 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ اپریل 16, 2018 - Precise estimates of the death toll are difficult to determine. The 2005 report of the UN's Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor (CAVR) reports an estimated minimum number of conflict-related deaths of 102,800 (+/− 12,000)۔ Of these, the report says that approximately 18,600 (+/− 1,000) were either killed or disappeared, and that approximately 84,000 (+/− 11,000) died from hunger or illness in excess of what would have been expected due to peacetime mortality. These figures represent a minimum conservative estimate that CAVR says is its scientifically-based principal finding. The report did not provide an upper bound, however, CAVR speculated that the total number of deaths due to conflict-related hunger and illness could have been as high as 183,000. The truth commission held Indonesian forces responsible for about 70% of the violent killings:*This estimates comes from taking the maximum killed violently applying the 70% violent death responsibility given to Indonesian military combined with the maximum starved.
"Conflict-related Deaths in Timor Leste, 1954–1999. The Findings of the CAVR Report"۔ cavr-timorleste.org۔ مئی 13, 2012 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ اپریل 16, 2018
cbc.ca
- Amber Hildebrandt (2012-08-14)۔ "Russia's Sochi Olympics awakens Circassian anger"۔ CBC News۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 15 اگست 2012
- "Canadians have a right to be 'concerned' about 1984 Sikh massacre, Harjit Sajjan says"
cbsnews.com
- Sources estimating 100,000 Jews killed:
- "Judaism Timeline 1618–1770"۔ CBS News۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 13 مئی 2007۔
Bogdan Chmelnitzki leads Cossack uprising against Polish rule; 100,000 Jews are killed and hundreds of Jewish communities are destroyed.
- "Judaism Timeline 1618–1770"۔ CBS News۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 13 مئی 2007۔
cfr.org
- Micah Zenko۔ "Remembering the Iraqi Uprising Twenty-Five Years Ago"۔ Council on Foreign Relations
- Camilla Siazon (8 مئی 2018)۔ "The Rohingya Crisis and the Meaning of Genocide"۔ Council on Foreign Relations۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 25 اگست 2018
civil.ge
- "Georgia Recognizes 'Circassian Genocide'"۔ Civil Georgia۔ 2011-05-20۔ 18 ستمبر 2012 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 18 ستمبر 2012
cnn.com
- Azeem Ibrahim (23 اکتوبر 2017)۔ "There's only one conclusion on the Rohingya in Myanmar: It's genocide"۔ Cable News Network۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 25 اگست 2018
combatgenocide.org
congreso.gov.ec
- "Aprueba resolución: Congreso se solidariza con pueblo Ucraniano" [Resolution passed: Congress is in solidarity with Ukrainian people]۔ National Congress of Ecuador (بزبان ہسپانوی)۔ 30 اکتوبر 2007۔ 2 نومبر 2007 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 31 اکتوبر 2007
countrystudies.us
- "Civil War"۔ countrystudies.us۔ Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress۔ 1991۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ نومبر 21, 2019۔
The estimated number of deaths ranged as high as 30,000, although the figure was probably closer to 8,000 to 10,000.
- "Civil War"۔ countrystudies.us۔ Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress۔ 1991۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ نومبر 21, 2019۔
The estimated number of deaths ranged as high as 30,000, although the figure was probably closer to 8,000 to 10,000.
crisisgroup.org
- "Sri Lanka's dead and missing: the need for an accounting"۔ Crisis Group (بزبان انگریزی)۔ 2012-02-27۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 09 جون 2020
- "Sri Lanka's dead and missing: the need for an accounting"۔ Crisis Group (بزبان انگریزی)۔ 2012-02-27۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 09 جون 2020
d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net
- Somaliland: Time for African Union Leadership (PDF)۔ International Crisis Group۔ 2006۔ صفحہ: 5۔ 02 فروری 2017 میں اصل (PDF) سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 26 ستمبر 2020
dccam.org
d.dccam.org
- "Documentation Center of Cambodia (DC-Cam)"۔ www.d.dccam.org۔ 18 اگست 2018 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 26 ستمبر 2020
demoscope.ru
- Viktor N. Zemskov (2013)۔ "The Extent of human losses USSR in the Great Patriotic War"
doi.org
- Brent Bezo، Stefania Maggi (2015)۔ "Living in "survival mode:" Intergenerational transmission of trauma from the Holodomor genocide of 1932–1933 in Ukraine"۔ Social Science & Medicine۔ 134: 87–94۔ PMID 25931287۔ doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.04.009
- Mark B. Tauger (2001)۔ "Natural Disaster and Human Actions in the Soviet Famine of 1931–1933"۔ The Carl Beck Papers in Russian and East European Studies (1506): 1–65۔ ISSN 2163-839X۔ doi:10.5195/CBP.2001.89
- Kristen R. Ghodsee (2014)۔ "A Tale of "Two Totalitarianisms": The Crisis of Capitalism and the Historical Memory of Communism" (PDF)۔ History of the Present۔ 4 (2): 115–142۔ JSTOR 10.5406/historypresent.4.2.0115۔ doi:10.5406/historypresent.4.2.0115
- Jess Melvin (2017)۔ "Mechanics of Mass Murder: A Case for Understanding the Indonesian Killings as Genocide"۔ Journal of Genocide Research۔ 19 (4): 487–511۔ doi:10.1080/14623528.2017.1393942
- Bertrand Taithe (2010-12-15)۔ "La famine de 1866–1868 : anatomie d'une catastrophe et construction médiatique d'un événement" [The 1866–1868 Famine in Algeria: Construction and Media Coverage Of a Disaster]۔ Revue d'Histoire du Xixe Siècle. Société d'Histoire de la Révolution de 1848 et des Révolutions du Xixe Siècle (41): 113–127۔ doi:10.4000/rh19.4051
- Stephan Schwartzman، Ana Valéria Araújo، Paulo Pankararú (1996)۔ "Brazil: The Legal Battle Over Indigenous Land Rights"۔ NACLA Report on the Americas۔ 29 (5): 36–43۔ doi:10.1080/10714839.1996.11725759۔ 20 اپریل 2010 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 24 مارچ 2011
- Kisangani Ezimet (2000)۔ "The Massacre of Refugees in Congo: A Case of UN Peacekeeping Failure and International Law"۔ The Journal of Modern African Studies۔ Cambridge University Press۔ 38 (2): 163–202۔ JSTOR 161648۔ doi:10.1017/S0022278X0000330X
- Kisangani N. F. Emizet (جولائی 2000)۔ "The Massacre of Refugees in Congo: A Case of UN Peacekeeping Failure and International Law"۔ The Journal of Modern African Studies۔ 38 (2): 163–202۔ JSTOR 161648۔ doi:10.1017/S0022278X0000330X
- Ben Kiernan (2004-08-01)۔ "The First Genocide: Carthage, 146 BC"۔ Diogenes (بزبان انگریزی)۔ 51 (3): 27–39۔ ISSN 0392-1921۔ doi:10.1177/0392192104043648
- Michael Ellman (جون 2007)۔ "Stalin and the Soviet Famine of 1932–33 Revisited"۔ Europe-Asia Studies۔ 59 (4): 663–693۔ JSTOR 20451381۔ doi:10.1080/09668130701291899۔ ایک خلاصہ لکھیں (PDF)
- Mohamed Haji Ingiriis (2016-07-02)۔ ""We Swallowed the State as the State Swallowed Us": The Genesis, Genealogies, and Geographies of Genocides in Somalia"۔ African Security۔ 9 (3): 237–58۔ ISSN 1939-2206۔ doi:10.1080/19392206.2016.1208475
- Shaul Stampfer (2003)۔ "What Actually Happened to the Jews of Ukraine in 1648?"۔ Jewish History۔ 17 (2): 165–178۔ doi:10.1023/A:1022308423637
- Alison Palmer (1998)۔ "Colonial and modern genocide: explanations and categories"۔ Ethnic and Racial Studies۔ 21: 89–115۔ doi:10.1080/014198798330115
- Peter Holquist (1997)۔ ""Conduct merciless mass terror": decossackization on the Don, 1919"۔ Cahiers du Monde Russe : Russie, Empire Russe, Union Soviétique, États Indépendants۔ 38: 138۔ doi:10.3406/cmr.1997.2486
- A.B. Akinyemi (اکتوبر 1972)۔ "The British Press and the Nigerian Civil War"۔ African Affairs۔ 71 (285): 408–426۔ JSTOR 720847۔ doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a096282
economist.com
- R.C. (23 مئی 2018)۔ "The Rohingya crisis bears all the hallmarks of a genocide"۔ The Economist۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 25 اگست 2018
education-resources.co.nz
- "Tommy Solomon"۔ 23 جنوری 2016 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ
escholarship.org
- Rocco Bowman (2014)۔ "Bounded Empires: Ecological and Geographic Implications in Sino- Tangut Relations, 960- 1127" (PDF)۔ The Undergraduate Historical Journal at UC Merced۔ 2: 11
euromaidanpress.com
- "Russians won't admit expulsion of Circassians was genocide — but Ukrainians should"۔ Euromaiden Press۔ 2016-05-21
genocidebangladesh.org
- Quoting from "بنگلہ دیش Genocide Archive"۔ 08 مارچ 2010 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 31 اکتوبر 2016 :[بہتر ماخذ درکار]
globalizacja.org
- "Konferencja "Rozstrzelać Polaków – Ludobójstwo Polaków w Związku Sowieckim"" [Conference on Genocide of Poles in the Soviet Union, Warsaw] (بزبان پولش)۔ Instytut Globalizacji oraz Press Club Polska in cooperation with Memorial Society۔ 03 مارچ 2016 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 28 اپریل 2011
globalsecurity.org
- "Genocide of Poles During World War II"۔ www.globalsecurity.org۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 06 دسمبر 2018
gov.krd
uk.gov.krd
- "Genocide Against the Kurds in Iraq: Iraq and International Recognition Over Time"۔ uk.gov.krd۔ 20 اکتوبر 2020 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 23 مئی 2017
harvard.edu
scholar.harvard.edu
- Kristen R. Ghodsee (2014)۔ "A Tale of "Two Totalitarianisms": The Crisis of Capitalism and the Historical Memory of Communism" (PDF)۔ History of the Present۔ 4 (2): 115–142۔ JSTOR 10.5406/historypresent.4.2.0115۔ doi:10.5406/historypresent.4.2.0115
hawaii.edu
- R. J. Rummel (1990)۔ Lethal Politics: Soviet Genocide and Mass Murder Since 1917۔ Transaction Publishers۔ ISBN 1-56000-887-3۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 مارچ 2014
- "Soviet Transit, Camp, and Deportation Death Rates"۔ hawaii.edu۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 29 مئی 2019
- Rudolph J. Rummel۔ "Chapter 14 The Horde of Centi-kilo Murderers Estimates, Calculations, and Sources"۔ Statistics of Democide۔ Rows 1313, 1314
- Routine calculations do not count as original research, provided there is consensus among editors that the result of the calculation is obvious, correct, and a meaningful reflection of the sources. Basic arithmetic, such as adding numbers, converting units, or calculating a person's age are some examples of routine calculations. See also Category:Conversion templates.
https://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.TAB14.1C.GIF row 1313 and 1314
1,000,000 and 10,000 to 2,000,000 and 100,000 Kurds were displaced and killed respectively between 1963 and 1987; 250,000 of them in 1977 and 1978. If deaths are proportional to the displacement then 2,500 to 12,500 Kurds would have died during this period depending on the scale of overall displacement and deaths used.
helsinki.org.ua
- "Columbia declares Holodomor an act of genocide"۔ Ukrainian Helsinki Human Rights Union۔ 25 دسمبر 2007۔ 19 فروری 2009 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 26 مارچ 2008
herodote.net
hindustantimes.com
- "Ontario's resolution on '84 riots 'unreal'، says Jaitley"
- "1984 riots were 'Sikh genocide': Akal Takht – Hindustan Times"۔ Hindustan Times۔ 14 جولائی 2010۔ 17 جولائی 2010 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 17 جولائی 2010
historyton.pl
- "Rozstrzelać Polaków. Ludobójstwo Polaków w Związku Sowieckim (To Execute the Poles. Genocide of Poles in the Soviet Union)"۔ Historyton۔ اکتوبر 3, 2011 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ اپریل 28, 2011
holodomoreducation.org
- "International Recognition of the Holodomor"۔ Holodomoreducation.org۔ 28 نومبر 2006۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 24 جولائی 2016
hrw.org
- GENOCIDE IN IRAQ Human Rights Watch, 1993
- 34 page۔ ""Punished Peoples" of the Soviet Union: The Continuing Legacy of Stalin's Deportations" (PDF)۔ Human Rights Watch 1991
- 34 page۔ ""Punished Peoples" of the Soviet Union: The Continuing Legacy of Stalin's Deportations" (PDF)۔ Human Rights Watch 1991
- 34 page۔ ""Punished Peoples" of the Soviet Union: The Continuing Legacy of Stalin's Deportations" (PDF)۔ Human Rights Watch 1991
- 34 page۔ ""Punished Peoples" of the Soviet Union: The Continuing Legacy of Stalin's Deportations" (PDF)۔ Human Rights Watch 1991
huffingtonpost.co.uk
- "Historic Debate Secures Parliamentary Recognition of the Kurdish Genocide"۔ Huffingtonpost.co.uk۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 31 اگست 2013
icty.org
- Jan Zwierzchowski، Ewa Tabeau (1 فروری 2010)۔ "The 1992–95 War in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Census-Based Multiple System Estimation of Casualties' Undercount" (PDF)۔ Conference Paper for the International Research Workshop on 'The Global Costs of Conflict'۔ The Households in Conflict Network (HiCN) and The German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin) 1–2 فروری 2010, Berlin: 15
imdb.com
- Carthage: The Roman Holocaust (TV Movie 2004)، اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 13 اگست 2017
independent.co.uk
- Anne Penketh (2004-07-07)۔ "Extermination of the pygmies"۔ The Independent۔ 21 دسمبر 2018 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 21 دسمبر 2018
indiatimes.com
timesofindia.indiatimes.com
- "AAP govt to pay Rs 120cr to kin of 1984 riot victims"
- PTI (22 اپریل 2015)۔ "California assembly describes 1984 riots as 'genocide'"۔ The Times of بھارت۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 10 مارچ 2019
articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com
- Yudhvir Rana (16 جولائی 2010)۔ "Sikh clergy: 1984 riots 'genocide'"۔ The Times of بھارت۔ 11 اگست 2011 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 4 نومبر 2010
jstor.org
- Kristen R. Ghodsee (2014)۔ "A Tale of "Two Totalitarianisms": The Crisis of Capitalism and the Historical Memory of Communism" (PDF)۔ History of the Present۔ 4 (2): 115–142۔ JSTOR 10.5406/historypresent.4.2.0115۔ doi:10.5406/historypresent.4.2.0115
- Kisangani Ezimet (2000)۔ "The Massacre of Refugees in Congo: A Case of UN Peacekeeping Failure and International Law"۔ The Journal of Modern African Studies۔ Cambridge University Press۔ 38 (2): 163–202۔ JSTOR 161648۔ doi:10.1017/S0022278X0000330X
- Kisangani N. F. Emizet (جولائی 2000)۔ "The Massacre of Refugees in Congo: A Case of UN Peacekeeping Failure and International Law"۔ The Journal of Modern African Studies۔ 38 (2): 163–202۔ JSTOR 161648۔ doi:10.1017/S0022278X0000330X
- Michael Ellman (جون 2007)۔ "Stalin and the Soviet Famine of 1932–33 Revisited"۔ Europe-Asia Studies۔ 59 (4): 663–693۔ JSTOR 20451381۔ doi:10.1080/09668130701291899۔ ایک خلاصہ لکھیں (PDF)
- A.B. Akinyemi (اکتوبر 1972)۔ "The British Press and the Nigerian Civil War"۔ African Affairs۔ 71 (285): 408–426۔ JSTOR 720847۔ doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a096282
justicefornorthcaucasus.info
- Niko Javakhishvili (2012-12-20)۔ "Coverage of The tragedy public Thought (later half of the 19th century)"۔ Tbilisi State University۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 01 جون 2015
kurdistanmemoryprogramme.com
- "The Tragedy of the Missing Barzanis"۔ Kurdistan Memory Programme۔ 19 نومبر 2019 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ
lenta.ru
- "Грузия признала геноцид черкесов в царской России // Сайт "Лента۔Ру""۔ lenta.ru (بزبان روسی)۔ 2011-05-20
loc.gov
lccn.loc.gov
- Edward Allworth (1998)۔ The Tatars of Crimea: Return to the Homeland: Studies and Documents۔ Durham: Duke University Press۔ صفحہ: 6۔ ISBN 978-0-8223-1994-8۔ LCCN 97019110۔ OCLC 610947243
maastrichtuniversity.nl
- "The Indonesian Politicide of 1965–66: How Could it Have Happened?"۔ Maastricht University
murihiku.com
- "Historical Timeline of the Auckland Islands"۔ 10 فروری 2012 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ
nationalreview.com
- Dave Kopel، Paul Gallant، Joanne D. Eisen (2003-04-11)۔ "A Moriori Lesson: a brief history of pacifism"۔ National Review
nativeweb.org
saiic.nativeweb.org
- Beto Borges، Gilles Combrisson۔ "Indigenous Rights in Brazil: Stagnation to Political Impasse"۔ South and Meso American Indian Rights Center۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 24 مارچ 2011
naukowa.pl
- "Sommer, Tomasz. Book description (Opis)" [Genocide of Poles in the Soviet Union]۔ Rozstrzelać Polaków. Ludobójstwo Polaków w Związku Sowieckim w latach 1937–1938. Dokumenty z Centrali (بزبان پولش)۔ Księgarnia Prawnicza, لوبلین۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 28 اپریل 2011
necrometrics.com
- "Atrocity statistics from the Roman Era"۔ necrometrics.com۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 13 اگست 2017
- "Atrocity statistics from the Roman Era"۔ necrometrics.com۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 13 اگست 2017
- "Atrocity statistics from the Roman Era"۔ necrometrics.com۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 13 اگست 2017
- "Atrocity statistics from the Roman Era"۔ necrometrics.com۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 13 اگست 2017
- "Atrocity statistics from the Roman Era"۔ necrometrics.com۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 13 اگست 2017
- "Atrocity statistics from the Roman Era"۔ necrometrics.com۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 13 اگست 2017
- John Wright (1982)۔ A History of Modern Libya
nih.gov
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Brent Bezo، Stefania Maggi (2015)۔ "Living in "survival mode:" Intergenerational transmission of trauma from the Holodomor genocide of 1932–1933 in Ukraine"۔ Social Science & Medicine۔ 134: 87–94۔ PMID 25931287۔ doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.04.009
- Colin Tatz (2006)۔ مدیران: Roger Maaka، Chris Andersen۔ "Confronting Australian Genocide"۔ The Indigenous Experience: Global Perspectives۔ Canadian Scholars Press۔ 25: 16–36۔ ISBN 978-1-55130-300-0۔ PMID 19514155
nytimes.com
nytimes.com
- "Georgia Says Russia Committed Genocide in 19th Century"۔ نیو یارک ٹائمز۔ مئی 21, 2011
- Ellen Barry (20 مئی, 2011)۔ "Georgia Says Russia Committed Genocide in 19th Century"۔ The New York Times
query.nytimes.com
- "Fifty Thousand Orphans made So by the 80,kish Massacres of Armenians"، نیو یارک ٹائمز، دسمبر 18, 1896،
The number of Armenian children under twelve years of age made orphans by the massacres of 1895 is estimated by the missionaries at 50.000
۔
oc-media.org
- Kazbek Chanturiya (23 فروری 2017)۔ "After 73 years, the memory of Stalin's deportation of Chechens and Ingush still haunts the survivors"۔ OC Media۔ 27 نومبر 2019 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 27 نومبر 2019
ohchr.org
- Report of the Mapping Exercise Documenting the Most Serious Violations of Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law Committed Within the Territory of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Between مارچ 1993 and جون 2003. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. 2010. https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/CD/DRC_MAPPING_REPORT_FINAL_EN.pdf.
- Filip Reyntjens (2009)۔ The Great African War : Congo and Regional Geopolitics, 1996–2006 (PDF)۔ New York: Cambridge University Press
oneindia.com
- Punjab militancy: There have been 12,000 deaths۔ One بھارت۔
openedition.org
journals.openedition.org
- Bertrand Taithe (2010-12-15)۔ "La famine de 1866–1868 : anatomie d'une catastrophe et construction médiatique d'un événement" [The 1866–1868 Famine in Algeria: Construction and Media Coverage Of a Disaster]۔ Revue d'Histoire du Xixe Siècle. Société d'Histoire de la Révolution de 1848 et des Révolutions du Xixe Siècle (41): 113–127۔ doi:10.4000/rh19.4051
opiniojuris.org
- "Emerging Voices: Sri Lanka's Tamils Need Genocide Recognition and Innovative Justice Mechanisms"۔ Opinio Juris (بزبان انگریزی)۔ 2019-08-15۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 09 جون 2020
oxfordbibliographies.com
- Simon Payaslian۔ "20th Century Genocides"۔ Oxford bibliographies
palgrave.com
- Katharine McGregor، Jess Melvin، Annie Pohlman، مدیران (2018)۔ The Indonesian Genocide of 1965: Causes, Dynamics and Legacies (Palgrave Studies in the History of Genocide)۔ Palgrave Macmillan۔ ISBN 978-3-319-71454-7
passiontounderstand.blogspot.com
- "GENOCIDES from 1915 to 2006"۔ 14 اپریل 2019 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ
paulbogdanor.com
- Michael Ellman (جون 2007)۔ "Stalin and the Soviet Famine of 1932–33 Revisited"۔ Europe-Asia Studies۔ 59 (4): 663–693۔ JSTOR 20451381۔ doi:10.1080/09668130701291899۔ ایک خلاصہ لکھیں (PDF)
- Michael Ellman, Stalin and the Soviet Famine of 1932–33 Revisited آرکائیو شدہ (Date missing) بذریعہ paulbogdanor.com (Error: unknown archive URL) پی ڈی ایف file page 686
pbs.org
- Dave Jones۔ "The Crimes of Saddam Hussein
1983 The Missing Barzanis"۔ Frontline World۔ PBS - "The Crimes of Saddam Hussein – 1988 The Anfal Campaign"۔ PBS Frontline۔ جنوری 24, 2006۔ فروری 6, 2006 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ نومبر 15, 2019
- "California Genocide"۔ PBS۔ 08 جولائی 2007 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 08 جنوری 2007
persee.fr
- Peter Holquist۔ Conduct merciless mass terror": decossackization on the Don, 1919۔ 04 دسمبر 2009 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ
peyamner.com
- "South Korea recognizes Kurdish genocide"۔ 13 جون 2013۔ 26 اپریل 2015 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 26 اپریل 2015
pitt.edu
carlbeckpapers.pitt.edu
- Mark B. Tauger (2001)۔ "Natural Disaster and Human Actions in the Soviet Famine of 1931–1933"۔ The Carl Beck Papers in Russian and East European Studies (1506): 1–65۔ ISSN 2163-839X۔ doi:10.5195/CBP.2001.89
polishclub.org
- Prof Iwo Cyprian Pogonowski (22 مارچ 2011)۔ "Rozkaz N.K.W.D.: No. 00485 z dnia 11-VIII-1937, a Polacy"۔ Polish Club Online۔ 18 اگست 2020 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ اپریل 28, 2011۔
See also, Tomasz Sommer: Ludobójstwo Polaków w Związku Sowieckim (Genocide of Poles in the Soviet Union)، article published by The Polish Review vol. LV, No. 4, 2010.
pravdareport.com
- "Is Swedish neutrality over?"۔ Pravda۔ 11 دسمبر 2012۔ 18 دسمبر 2019 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 24 اپریل 2019
preventgenocide.org
- "UN Whitaker Report on Genocide, 1985"۔ Prevent Genocide International۔
paragraphs 14 to 24, pages 5 to 10
- "UN Whitaker Report on Genocide, 1985"۔ Prevent Genocide International۔
paragraphs 14 to 24, pages 5 to 10
- "UN Whitaker Report on Genocide, 1985"۔ Prevent Genocide International۔
paragraphs 14 to 24, pages 5 to 10
- "UN Whitaker Report on Genocide, 1985, paragraphs 14 to 24 pages 5 to 10»۔"۔ preventgenocideinternational۔ 13 جون 2019 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ
princeton.edu
press.princeton.edu
- Geoffrey B. Robinson (2018)۔ The Killing Season: A History of the Indonesian Massacres, 1965–66۔ مطبع جامعہ پرنسٹن۔ ISBN 978-1-4008-8886-3
- Geoffrey B. Robinson (2018)۔ The Killing Season: A History of the Indonesian Massacres, 1965–66۔ مطبع جامعہ پرنسٹن۔ صفحہ: 3۔ ISBN 978-1-4008-8886-3
- Geoffrey B. Robinson (2018)۔ The Killing Season: A History of the Indonesian Massacres, 1965–66۔ مطبع جامعہ پرنسٹن۔ صفحہ: 4۔ ISBN 978-1-4008-8886-3۔
And while there is still no consensus on the matter, some scholars have described the Indonesian violence as genocide.
psu.edu
citeseerx.ist.psu.edu
- http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.1023.4008&rep=rep1&type=pdf Victims of State:Genocide, Politicides and Group Repression Since 1945 Page 26 Babara Haff & Ted Robert Gurr
questia.com
- Stephan Schwartzman، Ana Valéria Araújo، Paulo Pankararú (1996)۔ "Brazil: The Legal Battle Over Indigenous Land Rights"۔ NACLA Report on the Americas۔ 29 (5): 36–43۔ doi:10.1080/10714839.1996.11725759۔ 20 اپریل 2010 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 24 مارچ 2011
qut.edu.au
lr.law.qut.edu.au
- Hannah Baldry، Alisa McKeon، Scott McDougal۔ "Queensland's Frontier Killing Times – Facing Up to Genocide"۔ QUT Law Review۔ 15 (1): 92–113۔ ISSN 2201-7275
regioesercito.it
- "Detailed description of some fights" (بزبان الإيطالية)۔ Regioesercito
reuters.com
- "145th Anniversary of the Circassian Genocide and the Sochi Olympics Issue"۔ Reuters۔ 22 مئی, 2009۔ جولائی 2, 2012 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ نومبر 28, 2009
rfa.org
- BenarNews (23 اگست 2017)۔ "Southeast Asia's Newest Rebel Group Calls بنگلہ دیش 'Great Neighbor'"۔ Radio Free Asia۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 25 اگست 2018
rferl.org
- Paul Goble (2005-07-15)۔ "Circassians demand Russian apology for 19th century genocide"۔ Radio Free Europe۔ 8 (23)۔ Radio Liberty
routledge.com
- Jess Melvin (2018)۔ The Army and the Indonesian Genocide: Mechanics of Mass Murder۔ روٹلیج۔ صفحہ: 1۔ ISBN 978-1-138-57469-4
rp.pl
- Prof. Marek Jan Chodakiewicz (2011-01-15)۔ "Nieopłakane ludobójstwo (Genocide Not Mourned)"۔ Rzeczpospolita۔ 04 اکتوبر 2012 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ اپریل 28, 2011
sahistory.org.za
savechechnya.org
- "Press-Release: فروری 23, World Chechnya Day"۔ Save Chechnya Campaign۔ 27 فروری 2013 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 27 فروری 2013
scienceshumaines.com
- Nicolas Journet۔ "Pour en finir avec la repentance coloniale"۔ Sciences Humaines
sciencespo.fr
- Werth, Nicolas (20 مئی 2010)۔ "The NKVD Mass Secret National Operations (اگست 1937 – نومبر 1938)" (PDF)۔ Online Encyclopedia of Mass Violence۔ MassViolence.org۔ صفحہ: 4 of 10۔ ISSN 1961-9898۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 11 دسمبر 2017 [مردہ ربط]
- Werth, Nicolas (2010-05-20)۔ "The NKVD Mass Secret National Operations (اگست 1937 – نومبر 1938)" (PDF)۔ Online Encyclopedia of Mass Violence۔ MassViolence.org۔ صفحہ: 4 of 10۔ ISSN 1961-9898۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 11 دسمبر 2017[مردہ ربط]
se.pl
m.se.pl
- Franciszek Tyszka۔ "Tomasz Sommer: Ludobójstwo Polaków z lat 1937–38 to zbrodnia większa niż Katyń (Genocide of Poles in the years 1937–38, a Crime Greater than Katyn)"۔ Super Express۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ اپریل 28, 2011
semanticscholar.org
- Ben Kiernan (2004-08-01)۔ "The First Genocide: Carthage, 146 BC"۔ Diogenes (بزبان انگریزی)۔ 51 (3): 27–39۔ ISSN 0392-1921۔ doi:10.1177/0392192104043648
senat.pl
ww2.senat.pl
- "Sprawozdanie – Komisji Ustawodawczej oraz Komisji Spraw Zagranicznych – o projekcie uchwały w sprawie rocznicy Wielkiego Głodu na Ukrainie" [Report of the Legislative Committee and Foreign Affairs Committee – on the project resolution concerning the anniversary of the Great Famine in Ukraine] (PDF)۔ Senate of the Republic of Poland (بزبان پولش)۔ 14 مارچ 2006۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 24 جولائی 2016
- "Sprawozdanie – Komisji Ustawodawczej oraz Komisji Spraw Zagranicznych – o projekcie uchwały w sprawie rocznicy Wielkiego Głodu na Ukrainie" [Report of the Legislative Committee and Foreign Affairs Committee – on the project resolution concerning the anniversary of the Great Famine in Ukraine] (PDF)۔ Senate of the Republic of Poland (بزبان پولش)۔ 14 مارچ 2006۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 24 جولائی 2016
- "Sprawozdanie – Komisji Ustawodawczej oraz Komisji Spraw Zagranicznych – o projekcie uchwały w sprawie rocznicy Wielkiego Głodu na Ukrainie" [Report of the Legislative Committee and Foreign Affairs Committee – on the project resolution concerning the anniversary of the Great Famine in Ukraine] (PDF)۔ Senate of the Republic of Poland (بزبان پولش)۔ 14 مارچ 2006۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 24 جولائی 2016
- "Sprawozdanie – Komisji Ustawodawczej oraz Komisji Spraw Zagranicznych – o projekcie uchwały w sprawie rocznicy Wielkiego Głodu na Ukrainie" [Report of the Legislative Committee and Foreign Affairs Committee – on the project resolution concerning the anniversary of the Great Famine in Ukraine] (PDF)۔ Senate of the Republic of Poland (بزبان پولش)۔ 14 مارچ 2006۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 24 جولائی 2016
- "Sprawozdanie – Komisji Ustawodawczej oraz Komisji Spraw Zagranicznych – o projekcie uchwały w sprawie rocznicy Wielkiego Głodu na Ukrainie" [Report of the Legislative Committee and Foreign Affairs Committee – on the project resolution concerning the anniversary of the Great Famine in Ukraine] (PDF)۔ Senate of the Republic of Poland (بزبان پولش)۔ 14 مارچ 2006۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 24 جولائی 2016
- "Sprawozdanie – Komisji Ustawodawczej oraz Komisji Spraw Zagranicznych – o projekcie uchwały w sprawie rocznicy Wielkiego Głodu na Ukrainie" [Report of the Legislative Committee and Foreign Affairs Committee – on the project resolution concerning the anniversary of the Great Famine in Ukraine] (PDF)۔ Senate of the Republic of Poland (بزبان پولش)۔ 14 مارچ 2006۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 24 جولائی 2016
- "Sprawozdanie – Komisji Ustawodawczej oraz Komisji Spraw Zagranicznych – o projekcie uchwały w sprawie rocznicy Wielkiego Głodu na Ukrainie" [Report of the Legislative Committee and Foreign Affairs Committee – on the project resolution concerning the anniversary of the Great Famine in Ukraine] (PDF)۔ Senate of the Republic of Poland (بزبان پولش)۔ 14 مارچ 2006۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 24 جولائی 2016
sencanada.ca
- "Journals of the Senate No.72, 2nd Session, 37th Parliament" (PDF)۔ 19 جون 2003: 994–995۔ 09 اکتوبر 2020 میں اصل (PDF) سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 24 جولائی 2016
shadowsgovernment.com
- C.C. Stewart (1986)۔ "Islam" (PDF)۔ The Cambridge History of Africa, Volume 7: c. 1905 – c. 1940۔ Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press۔ صفحہ: 196
socioambiental.org
pib.socioambiental.org
- "Indigenous Lands – Introduction – About Lands"۔ Povos Indígenas no Brasil۔ Instituo Socioambiental (ISA)۔ 27 جنوری 2011 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 24 مارچ 2011
srce.hr
hrcak.srce.hr
- Vladimir Geiger (2012)۔ "Human Losses of the Croats in World War II and the Immediate Post-War Period Caused by the Chetniks (Yugoslav Army in the Fatherland) and the Partisans (People's Liberation Army and the Partisan Detachments of Yugoslavia/Yugoslav Army) and the Communist Authorities: Numerical Indicators"۔ Revue für Kroatische Geschichte = Revue d'Histoire Croate۔ VIII (1): 77–121
ssrn.com
stanford.edu
aparc.fsi.stanford.edu
- John Roosa۔ "The 1965–66 Politicide in Indonesia: Toward Knowing Who Did What to Whom and Why"۔ Stanford۔ 14 دسمبر 2018 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 26 ستمبر 2020
state.gov
- "2008 Human Rights Report: Brazil"۔ United States Department of State: Bureau for Democracy, Human Rights and Labor۔ 25 فروری 2009۔ 26 فروری 2009 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 24 مارچ 2011
tass.ru
- "Senate recognizes Volhynia massacre to be genocide"۔ 28 مارچ 2019 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 26 ستمبر 2020
teara.govt.nz
- Denise Davis، Māui Solomon (28 Oct 2008)۔ "Moriori: The impact of new arrivals"۔ Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of نیوزی لینڈ۔ NZ Ministry for Culture and Heritage۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 07 فروری 2009
telegraph.co.uk
- Richard Spencer (2014-10-14)۔ "Isil carried out massacres and mass sexual enslavement of Yazidis, UN confirms"۔ Daily Telegraph (بزبان انگریزی)۔ ISSN 0307-1235۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 13 اکتوبر 2019
theguardian.com
- Angelique Chrisafis۔ "Turkey accuses France of genocide in Algeria"۔ The Guardian
- "Julius Caesar battlefield unearthed in southern Netherlands"۔ دی گارڈین۔ 11 دسمبر 2015
- Timothy Snyder (2010-10-05)۔ "The fatal fact of the Nazi-Soviet pact"۔ the Guardian۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 06 اگست 2018
- "German minister says sorry for genocide in Namibia"۔ The Guardian۔ اگست 16, 2004۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 20 فروری 2016
- Stuart Doran (19 مئی 2015)۔ "Zimbabwe: new documents claim to prove Mugabe ordered Gukurahundi killings" – www.theguardian.com سے
thenews.pl
- "Polish MPs adopt resolution calling 1940s massacre genocide"۔ Radio Poland۔ 19 نومبر 2020 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 26 ستمبر 2020
thewire.in
- Gaurav Vivek Bhatnagar۔ "What Delhi HC Order On 1984 Anti-Sikh Pogrom Says About 2002 Gujarat Riots"۔ The Wire
time.com
- YENNI KWOK (2015-09-30)۔ "The Memory of Savage Anticommunist Killings Still Haunts Indonesia, 50 Years On"۔ Time
- Yenni Kwok (20 جولائی 2016)۔ "Indonesia's Mass Killings of 1965 Were Crimes Against Humanity, International Judges Say"۔ ٹائم (رسالہ)۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 25 دسمبر 2018۔
The tribunal concludes that those acts were intended to annihilate a section of the population and could be categorized as genocide.
- Yenni Kwok (20 جولائی 2016)۔ "Indonesia's Mass Killings of 1965 Were Crimes Against Humanity, International Judges Say"۔ ٹائم (رسالہ)۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 25 دسمبر 2018۔
The tribunal concludes that those acts were intended to annihilate a section of the population and could be categorized as genocide.
- Yenni Kwok (20 جولائی 2016)۔ "Indonesia's Mass Killings of 1965 Were Crimes Against Humanity, International Judges Say"۔ ٹائم (رسالہ)۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 25 دسمبر 2018۔
The tribunal concludes that those acts were intended to annihilate a section of the population and could be categorized as genocide.
- Laignee Barron (8 مارچ 2018)۔ "More Than 43,000 Rohingya Parents مئی Be Missing. Experts Fear They Are Dead"۔ Time۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 25 اگست 2018
uccla.ca
- Raphael Lemkin Papers, The New York Public Library, Manuscripts and Archives Division, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundation, Raphael Lemkin ZL-273. Reel 3. Published in L.Y. Luciuk (ed)، Holodomor: Reflections on the Great Famine of 1932–1933 in Soviet Ukraine (Kingston: The Kashtan Press, 2008)۔ Available online آرکائیو شدہ 2012-03-02 بذریعہ وے بیک مشین
uclouvain.be
dial.uclouvain.be
- Debarati Guha-Sapir، Olivier Degomme (2005)۔ "Darfur: counting the deaths (2)۔ What are the trends?"۔ Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters
un.org
digitallibrary.un.org
- Petrie, Charles (2012)۔ "Report of the Secretary-General's Internal Review Panel on United Nations Action in Sri Lanka"۔ United Nations Digital Library System (بزبان انگریزی)
un.org
- Geraldine Boezio۔ "Four years after Da'esh's attacks on the Sinjar region of Iraq, survivors of sexual violence still await justice – United Nations Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict" (بزبان انگریزی)۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 13 اکتوبر 2019
unpo.org
- "Circassia: Adygs Ask European Parliament to Recognize Genocide"۔ unpo.org۔ 27 ستمبر 2007 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 16 اپریل 2018
- "UNPO: Chechnya: European Parliament recognises the genocide of the Chechen People in 1944"۔ unpo.org
ushmm.org
encyclopedia.ushmm.org
- "Documenting Numbers of Victims of the Holocaust and Nazi Persecution"۔ Holocaust Encyclopedia (بزبان انگریزی)۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 06 دسمبر 2018
v-brazil.com
washington.edu
jsis.artsci.washington.edu
- Daniel Chirot۔ Why Some Wars Become Genocidal and Others Don't (PDF)۔ Jackson School of International Studies, University of Washington۔ اگست 17, 2008 میں اصل (PDF) سے آرکائیو شدہ
web.archive.org
- "Foreign Affairs: Ukrainian Famine (No. 680)" (PDF)۔ Journals of the Senate۔ 114: 2652–53۔ 30 اکتوبر 2003۔ 29 دسمبر 2004 میں اصل (PDF) سے آرکائیو شدہ
- "Journals of the Senate No.72, 2nd Session, 37th Parliament" (PDF)۔ 19 جون 2003: 994–995۔ 09 اکتوبر 2020 میں اصل (PDF) سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 24 جولائی 2016
- "Columbia declares Holodomor an act of genocide"۔ Ukrainian Helsinki Human Rights Union۔ 25 دسمبر 2007۔ 19 فروری 2009 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 26 مارچ 2008
- "Aprueba resolución: Congreso se solidariza con pueblo Ucraniano" [Resolution passed: Congress is in solidarity with Ukrainian people]۔ National Congress of Ecuador (بزبان ہسپانوی)۔ 30 اکتوبر 2007۔ 2 نومبر 2007 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 31 اکتوبر 2007
- Raphael Lemkin Papers, The New York Public Library, Manuscripts and Archives Division, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundation, Raphael Lemkin ZL-273. Reel 3. Published in L.Y. Luciuk (ed)، Holodomor: Reflections on the Great Famine of 1932–1933 in Soviet Ukraine (Kingston: The Kashtan Press, 2008)۔ Available online آرکائیو شدہ 2012-03-02 بذریعہ وے بیک مشین
- "Documentation Center of Cambodia (DC-Cam)"۔ www.d.dccam.org۔ 18 اگست 2018 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 26 ستمبر 2020
- "GENOCIDES from 1915 to 2006"۔ 14 اپریل 2019 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ
- Quoting from "بنگلہ دیش Genocide Archive"۔ 08 مارچ 2010 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 31 اکتوبر 2016 :[بہتر ماخذ درکار]
- John Roosa۔ "The 1965–66 Politicide in Indonesia: Toward Knowing Who Did What to Whom and Why"۔ Stanford۔ 14 دسمبر 2018 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 26 ستمبر 2020
- "Indonesia's killing fields"۔ الجزیرہ۔ 2012-12-21۔ 14 فروری 2015 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 24 جنوری 2016
- "Circassia: Adygs Ask European Parliament to Recognize Genocide"۔ unpo.org۔ 27 ستمبر 2007 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 16 اپریل 2018
- "Georgia Recognizes 'Circassian Genocide'"۔ Civil Georgia۔ 2011-05-20۔ 18 ستمبر 2012 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 18 ستمبر 2012
- "145th Anniversary of the Circassian Genocide and the Sochi Olympics Issue"۔ Reuters۔ 22 مئی, 2009۔ جولائی 2, 2012 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ نومبر 28, 2009
- "VII"۔ Federal Constitution of Brazil۔ Article 231۔ 01 جنوری 2011 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 26 ستمبر 2020
- "2008 Human Rights Report: Brazil"۔ United States Department of State: Bureau for Democracy, Human Rights and Labor۔ 25 فروری 2009۔ 26 فروری 2009 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 24 مارچ 2011
- "Indigenous Lands – Introduction – About Lands"۔ Povos Indígenas no Brasil۔ Instituo Socioambiental (ISA)۔ 27 جنوری 2011 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 24 مارچ 2011
- Stephan Schwartzman، Ana Valéria Araújo، Paulo Pankararú (1996)۔ "Brazil: The Legal Battle Over Indigenous Land Rights"۔ NACLA Report on the Americas۔ 29 (5): 36–43۔ doi:10.1080/10714839.1996.11725759۔ 20 اپریل 2010 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 24 مارچ 2011
- Daniel Chirot۔ Why Some Wars Become Genocidal and Others Don't (PDF)۔ Jackson School of International Studies, University of Washington۔ اگست 17, 2008 میں اصل (PDF) سے آرکائیو شدہ
- Prof. Marek Jan Chodakiewicz (2011-01-15)۔ "Nieopłakane ludobójstwo (Genocide Not Mourned)"۔ Rzeczpospolita۔ 04 اکتوبر 2012 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ اپریل 28, 2011
- "Rozstrzelać Polaków. Ludobójstwo Polaków w Związku Sowieckim (To Execute the Poles. Genocide of Poles in the Soviet Union)"۔ Historyton۔ اکتوبر 3, 2011 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ اپریل 28, 2011
- Prof Iwo Cyprian Pogonowski (22 مارچ 2011)۔ "Rozkaz N.K.W.D.: No. 00485 z dnia 11-VIII-1937, a Polacy"۔ Polish Club Online۔ 18 اگست 2020 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ اپریل 28, 2011۔
See also, Tomasz Sommer: Ludobójstwo Polaków w Związku Sowieckim (Genocide of Poles in the Soviet Union)، article published by The Polish Review vol. LV, No. 4, 2010.
- "Konferencja "Rozstrzelać Polaków – Ludobójstwo Polaków w Związku Sowieckim"" [Conference on Genocide of Poles in the Soviet Union, Warsaw] (بزبان پولش)۔ Instytut Globalizacji oraz Press Club Polska in cooperation with Memorial Society۔ 03 مارچ 2016 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 28 اپریل 2011
- "Press-Release: فروری 23, World Chechnya Day"۔ Save Chechnya Campaign۔ 27 فروری 2013 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 27 فروری 2013
- Kazbek Chanturiya (23 فروری 2017)۔ "After 73 years, the memory of Stalin's deportation of Chechens and Ingush still haunts the survivors"۔ OC Media۔ 27 نومبر 2019 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 27 نومبر 2019
- "Is Swedish neutrality over?"۔ Pravda۔ 11 دسمبر 2012۔ 18 دسمبر 2019 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 24 اپریل 2019
- "Genocide Against the Kurds in Iraq: Iraq and International Recognition Over Time"۔ uk.gov.krd۔ 20 اکتوبر 2020 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 23 مئی 2017
- "The Tragedy of the Missing Barzanis"۔ Kurdistan Memory Programme۔ 19 نومبر 2019 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ
- "The Crimes of Saddam Hussein – 1988 The Anfal Campaign"۔ PBS Frontline۔ جنوری 24, 2006۔ فروری 6, 2006 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ نومبر 15, 2019
- "Chega! The CAVR Report"۔ 13 مئی, 2012 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ
- Precise estimates of the death toll are difficult to determine. The 2005 report of the UN's Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor (CAVR) reports an estimated minimum number of conflict-related deaths of 102,800 (+/− 12,000)۔ Of these, the report says that approximately 18,600 (+/− 1,000) were either killed or disappeared, and that approximately 84,000 (+/− 11,000) died from hunger or illness in excess of what would have been expected due to peacetime mortality. These figures represent a minimum conservative estimate that CAVR says is its scientifically-based principal finding. The report did not provide an upper bound, however, CAVR speculated that the total number of deaths due to conflict-related hunger and illness could have been as high as 183,000. The truth commission held Indonesian forces responsible for about 70% of the violent killings.
*This estimates comes from taking the minimum killed violently applying the 70% violent death responsibility given to Indonesian military combined with the minimum starved.
"Conflict-related Deaths in Timor Leste, 1954–1999. The Findings of the CAVR Report" (PDF)
"The CAVR Report"۔ 13 مئی 2012 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ - Precise estimates of the death toll are difficult to determine. The 2005 report of the UN's Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor (CAVR) reports an estimated minimum number of conflict-related deaths of 102,800 (+/− 12,000)۔ Of these, the report says that approximately 18,600 (+/− 1,000) were either killed or disappeared, and that approximately 84,000 (+/− 11,000) died from hunger or illness in excess of what would have been expected due to peacetime mortality. These figures represent a minimum conservative estimate that CAVR says is its scientifically-based principal finding. The report did not provide an upper bound, however, CAVR speculated that the total number of deaths due to conflict-related hunger and illness could have been as high as 183,000. The truth commission held Indonesian forces responsible for about 70% of the violent killings:*This estimates comes from taking the maximum killed violently applying the 70% violent death responsibility given to Indonesian military combined with the maximum starved.
"Conflict-related Deaths in Timor Leste, 1954–1999. The Findings of the CAVR Report"۔ cavr-timorleste.org۔ مئی 13, 2012 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ اپریل 16, 2018 - Precise estimates of the death toll are difficult to determine. The 2005 report of the UN's Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor (CAVR) reports an estimated minimum number of conflict-related deaths of 102,800 (+/− 12,000)۔ Of these, the report says that approximately 18,600 (+/− 1,000) were either killed or disappeared, and that approximately 84,000 (+/− 11,000) died from hunger or illness in excess of what would have been expected due to peacetime mortality. These figures represent a minimum conservative estimate that CAVR says is its scientifically-based principal finding. The report did not provide an upper bound, however, CAVR speculated that the total number of deaths due to conflict-related hunger and illness could have been as high as 183,000. The truth commission held Indonesian forces responsible for about 70% of the violent killings:*This estimates comes from taking the maximum killed violently applying the 70% violent death responsibility given to Indonesian military combined with the maximum starved.
"Conflict-related Deaths in Timor Leste, 1954–1999. The Findings of the CAVR Report"۔ cavr-timorleste.org۔ مئی 13, 2012 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ اپریل 16, 2018 - Precise estimates of the death toll are difficult to determine. The 2005 report of the UN's Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor (CAVR) reports an estimated minimum number of conflict-related deaths of 102,800 (+/− 12,000)۔ Of these, the report says that approximately 18,600 (+/− 1,000) were either killed or disappeared, and that approximately 84,000 (+/− 11,000) died from hunger or illness in excess of what would have been expected due to peacetime mortality. These figures represent a minimum conservative estimate that CAVR says is its scientifically-based principal finding. The report did not provide an upper bound, however, CAVR speculated that the total number of deaths due to conflict-related hunger and illness could have been as high as 183,000. The truth commission held Indonesian forces responsible for about 70% of the violent killings:*This estimates comes from taking the maximum killed violently applying the 70% violent death responsibility given to Indonesian military combined with the maximum starved.
"Conflict-related Deaths in Timor Leste, 1954–1999. The Findings of the CAVR Report"۔ cavr-timorleste.org۔ مئی 13, 2012 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ اپریل 16, 2018 - Anne Penketh (2004-07-07)۔ "Extermination of the pygmies"۔ The Independent۔ 21 دسمبر 2018 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 21 دسمبر 2018
- "Between اکتوبر 2002 and جنوری 2003, two the rebel groups, the MLC and RCD-N in the East of the Congo launched a premeditated, systematic genocide against the local tribes and Pygmies nicknamed operation "Effacer le Tableau" ("erase the board")۔ During their offensive against the civilian population of the Ituri region, the rebel groups left more than 60,000 dead and over 100,000 displaced. The rebels even engaged in slavery and cannibalism. Human Rights Reports state that this was due to the fact that rebel groups, often far away from their bases of supply and desperate for food, enslaved the Pygmies on captured farms to grow provisions for their militias or when times get really tough simply slaughter them like animals and devour their flesh which some believe gives them magical powers. 11. Fatality Level of Dispute (military and civilian fatalities): 70,000 estimated" see: Raja Seshadri (7 نومبر 2005)۔ "Pygmies in the Congo Basin and Conflict"۔ Case Study 163۔ The Inventory of Conflict & Environment, American University۔ 4 مارچ 2016 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 21 جولائی 2012
- "Senate recognizes Volhynia massacre to be genocide"۔ 28 مارچ 2019 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 26 ستمبر 2020
- "Polish MPs adopt resolution calling 1940s massacre genocide"۔ Radio Poland۔ 19 نومبر 2020 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 26 ستمبر 2020
- Somaliland: Time for African Union Leadership (PDF)۔ International Crisis Group۔ 2006۔ صفحہ: 5۔ 02 فروری 2017 میں اصل (PDF) سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 26 ستمبر 2020
- "UN Whitaker Report on Genocide, 1985, paragraphs 14 to 24 pages 5 to 10»۔"۔ preventgenocideinternational۔ 13 جون 2019 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ
- Yudhvir Rana (16 جولائی 2010)۔ "Sikh clergy: 1984 riots 'genocide'"۔ The Times of بھارت۔ 11 اگست 2011 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 4 نومبر 2010
- "1984 riots were 'Sikh genocide': Akal Takht – Hindustan Times"۔ Hindustan Times۔ 14 جولائی 2010۔ 17 جولائی 2010 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 17 جولائی 2010
- "California Genocide"۔ PBS۔ 08 جولائی 2007 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 08 جنوری 2007
- "UN official says Rohingya crisis has 'hallmarks of genocide'"۔ Associated Press۔ Associated Press۔ 1 فروری 2018۔ 13 جون 2021 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 25 اگست 2018
- "Soviet order to exterminate Cossacks is unearthed"۔ یونیورسٹی آف یورک۔ 21 جنوری 2003۔ 10 دسمبر 2009 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ دسمبر 10, 2009
- Peter Holquist۔ Conduct merciless mass terror": decossackization on the Don, 1919۔ 04 دسمبر 2009 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ
- "Massacres in the CHT"۔ Angelfire۔ The sum of all dead listed in each massacre of the article"hundreds" or "thousands" will be assumed to equal anywhere from 100 to 900 or 1,000 to 9,000۔ 01 نومبر 2019 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ
- "Tommy Solomon"۔ 23 جنوری 2016 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ
- "Historical Timeline of the Auckland Islands"۔ 10 فروری 2012 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ
weebly.com
moriorigenocides.weebly.com
- "The Genocide"۔ Moriori Genocide۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 19 اکتوبر 2018
wiara.pl
info.wiara.pl
- Andrzej Macura, Polska Agencja Prasowa (2010-06-24)۔ "Publikacja na temat eksterminacji Polaków w ZSRR w latach 30 (Publication on the Subject of Extermination of Poles in the Soviet Union during the 1930s)"۔ Portal Wiara.pl۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ اپریل 28, 2011
wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org
- Werth, Nicolas (20 مئی 2010)۔ "The NKVD Mass Secret National Operations (اگست 1937 – نومبر 1938)" (PDF)۔ Online Encyclopedia of Mass Violence۔ MassViolence.org۔ صفحہ: 4 of 10۔ ISSN 1961-9898۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 11 دسمبر 2017 [مردہ ربط]
- Werth, Nicolas (2010-05-20)۔ "The NKVD Mass Secret National Operations (اگست 1937 – نومبر 1938)" (PDF)۔ Online Encyclopedia of Mass Violence۔ MassViolence.org۔ صفحہ: 4 of 10۔ ISSN 1961-9898۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 11 دسمبر 2017[مردہ ربط]
pl.wikipedia.org
- Czesław Partacz۔ Prawda historyczna na prawda polityczna w badaniach naukowych. Przykład ludobójstwa na Kresach Południowo-Wschodniej Polski w latach 1939–1946 [Historical truth is political truth in scientific research. An example of the genocide of South Eastern Poland in 1939–1946] (بزبان پولش)
worldbank.org
siteresources.worldbank.org
- "Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics" (PDF): 10
- Priya Gajraj (2005)۔ Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics (PDF)۔ World Bank۔ صفحہ: 10
worldcat.org
- Mark B. Tauger (2001)۔ "Natural Disaster and Human Actions in the Soviet Famine of 1931–1933"۔ The Carl Beck Papers in Russian and East European Studies (1506): 1–65۔ ISSN 2163-839X۔ doi:10.5195/CBP.2001.89
- Ben Kiernan (2004-08-01)۔ "The First Genocide: Carthage, 146 BC"۔ Diogenes (بزبان انگریزی)۔ 51 (3): 27–39۔ ISSN 0392-1921۔ doi:10.1177/0392192104043648
- Mohamed Haji Ingiriis (2016-07-02)۔ ""We Swallowed the State as the State Swallowed Us": The Genesis, Genealogies, and Geographies of Genocides in Somalia"۔ African Security۔ 9 (3): 237–58۔ ISSN 1939-2206۔ doi:10.1080/19392206.2016.1208475
- Edward Allworth (1998)۔ The Tatars of Crimea: Return to the Homeland: Studies and Documents۔ Durham: Duke University Press۔ صفحہ: 6۔ ISBN 978-0-8223-1994-8۔ LCCN 97019110۔ OCLC 610947243
- Werth, Nicolas (20 مئی 2010)۔ "The NKVD Mass Secret National Operations (اگست 1937 – نومبر 1938)" (PDF)۔ Online Encyclopedia of Mass Violence۔ MassViolence.org۔ صفحہ: 4 of 10۔ ISSN 1961-9898۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 11 دسمبر 2017 [مردہ ربط]
- Werth, Nicolas (2010-05-20)۔ "The NKVD Mass Secret National Operations (اگست 1937 – نومبر 1938)" (PDF)۔ Online Encyclopedia of Mass Violence۔ MassViolence.org۔ صفحہ: 4 of 10۔ ISSN 1961-9898۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 11 دسمبر 2017[مردہ ربط]
- Jaijee, Inderjit Singh, 1931- (1999)۔ Politics of genocide : Punjab, 1984–1998۔ Ajanta Publications۔ OCLC 606518497
- Hannah Baldry، Alisa McKeon، Scott McDougal۔ "Queensland's Frontier Killing Times – Facing Up to Genocide"۔ QUT Law Review۔ 15 (1): 92–113۔ ISSN 2201-7275
- Richard Spencer (2014-10-14)۔ "Isil carried out massacres and mass sexual enslavement of Yazidis, UN confirms"۔ Daily Telegraph (بزبان انگریزی)۔ ISSN 0307-1235۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 13 اکتوبر 2019
yale.edu
gsp.yale.edu
- "Welcome | Genocide Studies Program"۔ gsp.yale.edu
- "Welcome | Genocide Studies Program"۔ gsp.yale.edu
- "Welcome | Genocide Studies Program"۔ gsp.yale.edu
- "Welcome | Genocide Studies Program"۔ gsp.yale.edu
- "Genocide Studies Program: East Timor"۔ Yale.edu
yale.edu
- WaiKeng Essay آرکائیو شدہ (Date missing) بذریعہ yale.edu (Error: unknown archive URL) 'Justice Done? Criminal and Moral Responsibility Issues in the Chinese Massacres Trial Singapore, 1947'
Genocide Studies Program. Working Paper No. 18, 2001. Wai Keng Kwok, Branford College/ Yale university
york.ac.uk
- "Soviet order to exterminate Cossacks is unearthed"۔ یونیورسٹی آف یورک۔ 21 جنوری 2003۔ 10 دسمبر 2009 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ دسمبر 10, 2009